Search

In order to solve the problem of process knowledge sharing, integration and reuse in the field of machinery manufacturing due to the complexity, dispersion and diversity of process knowledge. Taking into account the advantages of ontology in knowledge representation, this paper proposes an ontology-based knowledge management framework in the production line. On the basis of inductively analyzing the attributes of the mechanical manufacturing process attributes and intra-process and interprocess relationships, an improved conceptual ontology expression model of the 4-tuple process is proposed.

With the rapid development of cloud manufacturing, service composition optimisation (SCO) has become an important topic recently. Since the quality of service (QoS) varies widely in different servi...

In order to respond to and meet the call and demand of cloud manufacturing (CMfg), we put attention on the virtualization of related manufacturing resources, which plays a vital role. However, the virtualization of manufacturing resources still has the problems of unclear real-time status, poor resource relevance, and difficulty in unified expression. In order to solve the above problems, this paper proposes a new resource virtualization expression framework based on video semantics(VS), which supports real-time update, state monitoring and authenticity review of virtual resources. In addition, this paper also put forward a new method for the associative storage of virtual resources, which is of great significance to the supply and demand matching links in the cloud manufacturing environment. The case shows that the method takes into account all kinds of similar evaluation indicators, and combines demand-side preferences which makes the results more practical.

Aiming at the problem that the discovery process of cloud manufacturing service is too small and the accuracy of matching process is not enough, the paper establishes a service discovery and matching model based on keyword synonym expansion. The model performs word segmentation normalization processing on user demand information to obtain the demand keyword set, and then synonymously expands the keyword based on the synonym dictionary based on cloud manufacturing platform resource information, and uses the word frequency-anti-document frequency method to filter the word set. Aiming at the risk of malicious or untrue evaluation of QoS evaluation information about the matching process, the evaluation credibility function is introduced to ensure the reliability of QoS information. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the method are verified by a case.

高榕，雌雄同株，与其共生的形态高度相似的传粉小蜂Eupristina altissima与非传粉小蜂Eupristina sp.均为果内产卵。利用Y型嗅觉仪生物测定法研究E.altissima和Eupristina sp.对不同发育期高榕榕果挥发物以及合成信息素混合物的行为反应差异。结果表明：E.altissima和Eupristina sp.对高榕雌花期榕果挥发物具极显著趋向行为，对高榕雄花期榕果挥发物具极显著驱避行为，表明E.altissima与Eupristina sp.雌蜂能够敏锐辨别高榕雌花期和雄花期榕果的挥发物，快速远离雄花期榕果，并实现对宿主雌花期榕果的定位。但是，E.altissima与Eupristina sp.对其它发育时期榕果挥发物的行为反应具有差异性，前者对雌前期榕果和传粉或产卵后榕果释放的挥发物存在显著的趋避反应，而后者无明显的行为偏向性，表明E.altissima能够识别雌前期榕果和传粉或产卵后榕果，可避免误入其中而无法繁殖后代，Eupristina sp.则不具备这种识别能力。E.altissima和Eupristina sp.小蜂对合成信息素的行为反应也高度相似，表现为芳樟醇、苯乙烯，以及苯乙烯和金合欢醇的交互作用对两种小蜂选择行为影响显著，组合A1B2C2（0.5% Linalool+1% Benzyl ethylene+1% Farnesol）的混合信息素对两种小蜂具有极显著的驱避作用，而组合A2B1C1（1% Linalool+0.5% Benzyl ethylene+0.5% Farnesol），A2B1C2（1% Linalool+0.5% Benzyl ethylene+1% Farnesol），A2B2C1（1% Linalool+1% Benzyl ethylene+0.5% Farnesol）的混合信息素对其具有极显著的吸引作用，但两种小蜂对组合A1B1C1（0.5% Linalool+0.5% Benzyl ethylene+0.5% Farnesol）的行为反应存在差异。两种小蜂对榕果挥发物和合成信息素的反应异同，可能与其触角结构的差异密切相关。研究结果为探究榕-蜂共生体系的化学信号传导机制提供科学依据。

Ficus microcarpa Linn.f.(Ficus,Moraceae) is a common monoecious tree,which is widely distributed in the fig center area of Asia-Australasia.It is both a main tree species in the tropical forest and a common tree species planted in the courtyard and street.In this study,we investigated the structure,biodiversity and dynamics of fig wasp community in syconia of 19 F.microcarpa plants at two selected sites by observation on and collection from the specific trees at specific time and season all year around.A total of 26,318 fig wasps were collected from 530 syconia in different seasons.Seventeen fig wasp species belonging to Agaonidae,Epichrysomallinae,Otitesellinae,Sycoryctinae,Eurytomidae and Ormyridae of Chalcidoidea were collected.Among them,only Eupristina verticillata of Agaonidae served as a pollinator for F.microcarpa through a way of active pollination.The sex ratio in this pollinating fig wasp species was 0.16,with a very strong female-bias phenomenon.In the non-pollinators,the sex ratio is higher(0.46—0.55) in the species with winged male wasps(Odontofroggatia galili,O.quinifuniculus,O.corneri,Sycophila sp.1,Sycophila sp.2 and Meselatus bicolor),lower(0.31—0.37) in the species with wingless male wasps(Philotrypesis taiwanensis,Sycoscapter gajimaru,Walkerella microcarpae),and medium(0.47) in the species with both winged and wingless male wasps(Philotrypesis okinavensis).The results suggested that the sex ratio of fig wasps may be related to the strategy of mating behavior. In the structure of fig wasp community in F.microcarpa,the importance index was dominant in the pollinating fig wasps,but was much smaller in non-pollinating species O.galili and Sycophila sp.2.According to the number and continuity of occurrence,fig wasps could be classified into common species and occasional species.E.verticillata,Odontofroggatia galili,Walkerella microcarpae,Sycophila sp.1,Sycophila sp.2 and Philotrypesis okinavensis were common species,while the remaining 11 were occasional species.The composition and structure of wasp community differed greatly across seasons.From February to June,there were fewer(only 3—4) species inside syconia,with 48.88 pollinating wasps and 13.64 non-pollinating wasps in a single fig on average,respectively.From July to January of next year,there were more(as many as 6—13) species inside syconia,with 24.38 pollinating wasps and 18.89 non-pollinating wasps in a single fig on average,respectively.The results suggested that the number of pollinating wasps in the latter period reduced greatly compared with that in the former period(P0.001);whereas for the non-pollinating wasps,both the number of species and that of wasps were significantly increased(P=0.001).The species and the number of fig wasps in the male-flower phase depended on the species and the number of spawning wasps in the female-flower phase.However,the rainfalls,temperature and the number of syconia in the female-flower phase may affect on the number of spawning wasps and the spawning behavior of wasps.The results of this study provide a scientific basis for urban greening and biodiversity conservation in tropical rain forests.

Ficus virens Ait.var.sublanceolata is a common monoecious landscape trees in Fuzhou.In this study,the structure and biodiversity of fig wasp community inside syconia of F.virens Ait.var.sublanceolata were investigated based on 10 plants at two selected sites in Cangshan and Minhou town of Fuzhou.A total of 13458 fig wasps were collected from 267 syconia in different seasons.Seven fig wasp species were found,which belonged to Agaonidae,Epichrysomallinae,Otitesellinae,Sycoryctinae,Eurytomidae,Ormyridae and Eulophidae of Chalcidoidea,respectively.Among them,only Platyscapa coronata of Agaonidae served as a pollinating agent for F.virens Ait.var.sublanceolata through a way of active pollination.Male polymorphism was common in the non-pollinating fig wasps.Both pollinating and non-pollinating fig wasps showed female-biased sex ratios.The sex ratio of pollinating fig wasps was 0.19±0.07,and the sex ratios of non-pollinating fig wasps Camarothorax bismasculinus,Walkerella sp.,Sycoscapter sp.and Sycophila sp.were 0.36±0.10,0.36±0.22,0.31±0.22 and 0.35±0.13,respectively.Male polymorphism may be one of the reasons for the increase of sex ratio in the non-pollinating wasps.According to the number and continuity of occurrence,fig wasps could be classified into common species and occasional species.Platyscapa coronata,Camarothorax bismasculinus,Walkerella sp.,Sycoscapter sp.and Sycophila sp.were common species,while Omyrus sp.and Aprostocetus sp.were occasional species.The presence of occasional species had little effect on the number of common species.Occasional species might use the unsaturated part of the resources in the fig fruit.It might also be that the fig fruit reserved space and resources for the occurrence of the occasional species.It was the first time that a certain number of Eulophidae parasitic insects were found in fig fruits.This provides the basic data for the taxonomy and the research of biological and ecological characteristics of Eulophidae insect. The wasp community composition and structure differed greatly across seasons.In winter and spring(from December to May of next year),there were more species and higher numbers of fig wasps inside syconia,among which pollinating fig wasps were the dominant species with an importance index up to 0.42.This resulted in a high setting rate of fig seeds.In summer and autumn(from June to November),there were fewer species and lower numbers of fig wasps inside syconia,among which Camarothorax bismasculinus and Sycophila sp.were dominant species with importance indexes up to 0.56 and 0.28,respectively,whereas the importance indexes of pollinating wasps was only 0.025.During this period,it was difficult to find pollinating wasps in the fig.Therefore,the setting rate of fig seeds was lower.The large proportion of non-pollinating had a great negative impact on the reproduction of Ficus virens Ait.var.sublanceolata.Rain and high temperature might be the main causes of the dramatic decrease of the number of pollinating fig wasps inside syconia during the summer and autumn seasons.There were no significant differences in community structure and its annual change between the two sites.The results of this study provide a scientific basis for the urban greening and biodiversity conservation in tropical rain forests.

The F1 hybrid offspring of the distant hybridization between Cichlasoma trimaculatum (male) and Heros managuense (female) were successfully obtained through artificial fertilization, and the chromosome specimen of kidney cells of the two parents and their offspring were prepared using a low colchicine concentration air drying method, Howell and Black's (1980) silver–nucleolar organizer region (Ag–NOR) staining method and Sumner's (1972) C-band staining method. The karyotypes, Ag–NORs and C-bands of C. trimaculatum, H. managuense and their offspring were observed. The results showed that the diploid numbers of the two parents and the F1 hybrid offspring were all 2n=48. For C. trimaculatum, the karyotype formula was 2n=2m+8sm+26st+12t, NF=58. Two Ag–NORs were seen on the tips of the short arm of chromosome st7, and the entire chromosomes of st9 and st13 and the centromeres of the other chromosomes had positive C-bands. For H. managuense, the karyotype formula was 2n=2m+6sm+28st+12t, NF=56. Two Ag–NORs were located on the tips of the short arm of chromosome sm2 and positive C-bands were found in the centromere of all chromosomes. In the F1 hybrid offspring, the chromosome formula was 2n=2m+8sm+30st+8t, NF=58. Two Ag–NORs were seen on the tips of the short arm of chromosome sm2; all chromosomes presented positive C-bands in the centromere. No heteromorphic sex chromosome was found. After comparison with the two parents, the F1 hybrid offspring was suggested to be the filial generation of the two hybrid parents rather than the gynogenesis of H. managuense induced by heterogeneous sperm of C. trimaculatum.

Production Process Object Modeling Based Petri Nets

The present article proposes an Extenics analysis Method for Instant Customerization(EMIC) to the existing problem that it's difficult to realize Instant Customerization(IC). Extenics model of IC is established firstly, diverging tree of feasibility problem for IC is proposed to study implementation strategies set, and then the conflicts between implementation strategies are solved. At last, EMIC studies the feasible implementation strategies set and IC is well realized. This article also studies extenics demand forcasting in detail. At the end of the article, an example is proposed to verify the correctness of EMIC.

Aim at complex manufacturing system with many facilities and complication of mutual relevance, traditional methods can't achieve to optimize facilities layout. Combining with the thought of hierarchical analysis and QAP, Quadratic Facility Layout Method (QFLM) was proposed which lays out independent-type units and dependent-type units successively through dividing facility units into independent-type units and dependent-type units. The thought of QFLM was expounded. The models of QFLM were constructed and ant colony algorithm and Centroid method were used to solve the models. Through demonstration, QFLM can be used to lay out a workshop. It simplifies the process of facilities layout and achieves to optimize the facilities layout for complex manufacturing system.