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Lithium nickel oxide, LiNiO2, has attracted considerable interest as a high energy cathode for next generation lithium-ion batteries. Nevertheless, shortcomings such as significant cycling capacity decay and low stability in ambient atmosphere have hindered its practical application, and consequently most work has focused on the more stable Mn and Co doped analogues Li(Ni,Mn,Co)O2. Here, we report an investigation of an alternative strategy, sulfate modification, in the LiNiO2 system. We show that improved performance can be achieved, attributed to the dual effect of a low level of bulk doping and the presence of a self-passivation Li2SO4 layer formed beyond the solid solution limit. Ab initio simulations suggest that the behavior is similar to that of other high valent dopants such as W and Mo. These dual effects contribute to the improved air stability and enhanced electrochemical performance for the sulfate modified lithium-rich LiNiO2, leading to high initial capacities (∼245 mA h g−1 at 25 mA g−1, and ∼205 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1) and better capacity retention. Overall, the results show that polyanion modification represents an excellent alternative low-cost strategy to improve the performance of lithium nickel oxide cathode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to achieve the harmless treatment and resource utilization of typical lagoon sludge, the sludge from Xiaohai Lagoon in Wanning City, Hainan Province was selected as the research subject. A soft soil curing agent, prepared from bulk industrial solid wastes such as blast furnace slag, steel slag, and industrial gypsum, was employed for sludge stabilization. The results demonstrated that the soft soil hardening agent enhanced the compressive strength, shear strength, and liquid-plastic limit of lagoon sludge while reducing leaching concentrations of heavy metals and their migration/release capacity. Additionally, it improved seed germination index to meet construction land backfill strength requirements and safety standards for garden greening soil. SEM and XRD analysis revealed that silicon and aluminum components in original lagoon sludge participated in hydration reactions under an alkaline environment provided by alkaline activators, steel slag powder and mineral powders. This resulted in numerous holes on the modified sludge surface along with stable crystallites (such as rods, flakes) and hydrated gel state products within a compacted internal structure with enhanced intergranular connections. Consequently, engineering characteristics of lagoon sludge significantly improved after being treated with a soft soil curing agent while effectively solidifying/stabilizing heavy metals present in the sludge to mitigate environmental/ecological toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To inquire into the mechanism of renal deficiency in neonatal asphyxia., Methods: The 30, 60, 90, 120 min hypoxic renal cell model was made by use of DMEM/F-12 with antimycine A. ATP content was detected by reversed-phase HPLC. The levels of integrin beta 1 of renal tubular epithelial(RTE) cell of the groups were detected using flow cytometry., Results: ATP deficiency cellular model of newborn porcine RTE cell was successfully set up. The levels of ATP of the newborn porcine RET cell during 30, 60, 90, 120 min hypoxia time significantly decreased as compared with normal control (P < 0.001). The levels of integrin beta 1 of newborn porcine RTE cell decreased as the ATP deficiency time increased and the differences between the groups were statistically significant (P < 0.001)., Conclusion: The decreased level of integrin beta 1 in the newborn porcine RTE cell during anoxia may play an important role in the newborn renal deficiency during asphyxia.