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The United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) was set up in the aftermath of World War II with the mandate of safeguarding global peace by promoting international intellectual cooperation across national boundaries. UNESCO's first flagship educational initiative, launched in 1946, was the Fundamental Education programme, which ran until 1958. This article traces the role of China in the history of this UNESCO project, both in terms of inspiring the initial concept and in terms of piloting it. The author maps out a transnational network of concepts, ideas, people, institutions, funds, etc. that shaped the programme. Informed by scientific experimental methodology, the design of UNESCO's ambitious Fundamental Education initiative was to implement long-term, systematic and comprehensive schemes addressing illiteracy, public health, civil education and livelihood, etc. While the actors collaborating in this project shared some beliefs, their group as a whole reflected a divergent ideational spectrum, represented multiple interest groups, and was intertwined with both local and international politics. In the case of the interventions designed for piloting in China, these circumstances, as well as the multiple challenges of post-World War II reconstruction, the Chinese civil war and the Cold War had the effect of reducing the original concept to a small snapshot pilot project, limited to a specific subject ("the healthy village"). The article concludes with a consideration of the historical legacy of the cooperation between UNESCO and China in later decades.

Objective To study the comprehensive survey results of the cognitive status and management status of stress-related disorders among nursing staff in the burn unit of the hospital. Methods From January 2020 to June 2020, 103 nursing staff in burn unit of tertiary grade A general hospital were selected as the research objects by convenient sampling method. Baseline data, management status and cognition of all subjects were evaluated by the questionnaire on the cognitive status of stress-related disorders for nursing staff in the burn department. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis was used to identify the cognitive factors of the subjects. Results Among 103 nursing staff with mental disorders, 59. 22% would invite professional psychologists or psychiatrists for consultation, 28. 16% would not necessarily, 12. 62% would not; 84 nursing staff indicated that there was no stress related disorder assessment tool in their department, accounting for 81. 55%; 74 nursing staff showed no stress related disorder nursing routine, accounting for 71. 84%; 60 nursing staff had not received trauma related psychological nursing training, accounting for 58. 25%; 49 nursing staff said that the department carried out psychological nursing unconditionally, accounting for 47. 57%. The univariate analysis showed that age, professional title, employment form and training were closely related to the cognitive status of stress-related disorders of nursing staff in hospital burn department (P < 0. 05). However, the working years and educational level were not related to the cognitive status of stress-related disorders of nursing staff in hospital burn department (P＞0. 05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the professional title and the training were the influencing factors of the nursing staff's cognition of stress-related disorders (P < 0. 05). Conclusion The cognitive status of nurses in hospital burn department is not optimistic, and the management status needs to be improved. Professional title and the training experience were the influencing factors of the nursing staff's cognition of stress-related disorders, which are worthy of clinical attention. (目的 调查医院烧伤科护理人员对应激相关障碍的认知情况及管理现状。方法 2020年1月—6月通过便利抽样法选取三级甲等综合医院烧伤科103例护理人员作为研究对象。通过烧伤科护理人员对应激相关障碍认知情况问卷调查表对所有受试者的基线资料、管理现状以及认知情况进行评估。并通过单因素、多因素多元线性回归分析明确研究对象对应激相关障碍的认知影响因素。结果 103例护理人员中遇到精神障碍患者会邀请专业心理医生或精神科医生会诊占比59. 22%(61/103), 不一定占比28. 16%(29/103), 不会占比12. 62%(13/103); 84例护理人员表示所在科室无应激相关障碍的评估工具, 占比81. 55%; 74例护理人员表示所在科室无应激相关障碍护理常规, 占比71. 84%; 60例护理人员表示未接受过创伤相关心理护理培训, 占比58. 25%; 49例护理人员表示科室无条件开展心理护理, 占比47. 57%。单因素分析显示, 年龄、职称、聘用形式及接受过培训与否均和医院烧伤科护理人员对应激相关障碍的认知情况密切相关(P＜0. 05); 而工作年限、文化程度均和医院烧伤科护理人员对应激相关障碍的认知情况无关(P＞0. 05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示, 职称及接受过培训与否均是医院烧伤科护理人员对应激相关障碍的认知影响因素(P＜0. 05)。结论 医院烧伤科护理人员对应激相关障碍的认知情况不容乐观, 且管理现状有待提高。职称及接受过培训与否均是医院烧伤科护理人员对应激相关障碍的认知影响因素, 值得临床重点关注。)

This paper proposes a multi‐objective hybrid evolutionary search algorithm to simultaneously optimize the number of workstations, the idle index and the quantity of the production equipment required for the parallel production line balancing problem including disassembly and assembly tasks. The proposed algorithm uses the crossover operation and the mutation operation to generate neighborhood individuals of the current evolutionary population. Based on the mixed population composed of the current evolutionary population and the newly generated neighborhood population, a novel population update method is developed. The individuals of the new generation population are composed of Pareto dominant individuals filtered from the mixed population and several individuals randomly selected from the dominated individuals. Then the local search strategy based on simulated annealing operation is applied to the new generation of population individuals to overcome the defect of premature convergence of the proposed algorithm. By solving test examples of different scales and comparing them with a variety of classical algorithms, the advantages in the aspects of the diversity, the convergence, and the distribution of the solution results of the proposed algorithm are proved. Finally, the established mathematical model and the developed algorithm are applied to the parallel production line designed for the bogie remanufacturing production line of a railway freight car maintenance company. The advantages of the parallel production line in improving the production efficiency and reducing the production cost are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high-power laser melting deposition (HP-LMD) device with a maximum output of 5 kW was developed to enhance the production efficiency of fabricating large-scale titanium components. In this study, the medium–high temperature annealing strategy was proposed, wherein the effects of holding temperature and holding time on the residual stress, microstructure evolution, and mechanical properties of the fabricated block were evaluated. The results showed that the residual stress on the surface of the fabricated blocks reduced significantly after annealing treatment. The microstructure of as-deposited Ti-6Al-4V alloy mainly consisted of α' martensite and basket-weave microstructure, and the aspect ratio of the martensite decreased from 22 to 6 with the increases in annealing temperature and holding time. In addition, the annealing treatments had a favorable benefit on the microhardness and tensile performance of the HP-LMD fabricated Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The optimum annealing treatment was 650 °C/2 h followed by furnace cooling. The tensile samples processed by the optimum annealing treatment exhibited excellent properties with a yield strength of 912 MPa and an elongation of 11.48%, which far exceeded the Chinese aviation standard. In addition, the results of the statistical analysis revealed that the tensile properties of heat-treated samples were superior to as-deposited samples when the aspect ratio of martensite was in the range of 9–14. The fracture mode of both the as-deposited samples and annealed samples was ductile fracture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]