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In the process of applying traditional teaching forms, problems such as low participation in classroom activities and poor independent learning are gradually highlighted. This paper first designs the task-based cooperative language acquisition model then constructs the supervision and management system for cooperative learning, and finally establishes the evaluation mechanism for task-based cooperative learning. This paper uses the questionnaire survey method, Pearson correlation coefficient method, principal component analysis method, and multiple regression analysis methods as data analysis methods. By establishing a mathematical model, the parameters to be estimated are listed, and then these data are fitted, and finally, a statistical analysis is performed. Through the questionnaire survey method, this paper verified that the method had a positive effect on students’ Japanese learning; 46.2% of students enjoyed learning Japanese, and 92.3% participated in group discussions. The effectiveness of Japanese language teaching was assessed by extracting three main factors through principal component analysis, which were summarised as pre-study performance, classroom performance, and individual thinking performance. Under the language acquisition model, teachers can improve students’ learning effectiveness by monitoring and encouraging their performance on these three indicators.

Mental health problems in nurses are prevalent and impairing. To date, no literature has comprehensively synthesised cohort evidence on mental health among nurses. This scoping review aimed to synthesise the existing literature on the risk factors and consequences of mental health problems in nurses. A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE, Epistemonikos database, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsycINFO from inception to March 2023. We identified 171 cohort studies from 16 countries, mostly (95.3%) from high‐income economies. This review indicated that nurses worldwide encountered significant mental health challenges, including depression, cognitive impairment, anxiety, trauma/post‐traumatic stress disorder, burnout, sleep disorder, and other negative mental health problems. These problems were closely related to various modifiable risk factors such as nurses' behaviours and lifestyles, social support, workplace bullying and violence, shift work, job demands, and job resources. Moreover, nurses' mental health problems have negative effects on their physical health, behaviour and lifestyle, occupation and organisation, and intrapersonal factors. These findings provided an enhanced understanding of mental health complexities among nurses, and shed light on policy enactment to alleviate the negative impact of mental health problems on nurses. Addressing mental health among nurses should be a top priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) play an important role against SARS-CoV-2 infections. Previously, we have reported one potent receptor binding domain (RBD)-binding nAb Ab08 against the SARS-CoV-2 prototype and a panel of variants, but Ab08 showed much less efficacy against the variants harboring the L452R mutation. To overcome the antibody escape caused by the L452R mutation, we generated several structure-based Ab08 derivatives. One derivative, Ab08-K99E, displayed the mostly enhanced neutralizing potency against the Delta pseudovirus bearing the L452R mutation compared to the Ab08 and other derivatives. Ab08-K99E also showed improved neutralizing effects against the prototype, Omicron BA.1, and Omicron BA.4/5 pseudoviruses. In addition, compared to the original Ab08, Ab08-K99E exhibited high binding properties and affinities to the RBDs of the prototype, Delta, and Omicron BA.4/5 variants. Altogether, our findings report an optimized nAb, Ab08-K99E, against SARS-CoV-2 variants and demonstrate structure-based optimization as an effective way for antibody development against pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess methodological quality of all currently available guidelines and consensus statements for IAD using the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II and the AGREE Recommendation Excellence (AGREE‐REX) instruments. Background: Globally, incontinence‐associated dermatitis (IAD) is a significant health challenge. IAD is a complex healthcare problem that reduces quality of life of patients, increases healthcare costs and prolongs hospital stays. Several guidelines and consensus statements are available for IAD. However, the quality of these guidelines and consensus statements remains unclear. Design: A systematic review of guidelines and consensus statements. Methods: Our study was undertaken using PRISMA guidelines. We searched seven electronic databases. Guidelines and consensus statements had to be published in English, Chinese or German languages. Five independent reviewers assessed the methodological quality of guidelines and consensus statements using the AGREE II and AGREE‐REX instruments. Mean with standard deviation (SD) and median with interquartile range (IQR) were calculated for descriptive analyses. We generated bubble plots to describe the assessment results of each domain of each guideline and consensus statement. Results: We included ten guidelines and consensus statements. The NICE guidelines, obtained the highest scores, fulfilled 86.11%–98.61% of criteria in AGREE II and 76.67%–91.11% for AGREE‐REX. In the domains 'Stakeholder Involvement' (4.39 ± 1.64), 'Rigor of Development' (3.38 ± 1.86), 'Applicability' (3.62 ± 1.64), 'Editorial Independence' (3.91 ± 2.56) and 'Values and Preferences' (2.98 ± 1.41), the remaining guidelines and consensus statements showed deficiencies. Conclusions: Altogether, this study demonstrated that the currently available guidelines and consensus statements for IAD have room for methodological improvement. NICE guidelines on faecal incontinence and urinary incontinence have better quality. Remaining guidelines and consensus statements showed substantial methodological weaknesses, especially the domains of 'Stakeholder Involvement', 'Rigor of Development', 'Applicability', 'Editorial independence' and 'Values and Preferences'. This study was registered on INPLASY. (Registration number: INPLASY202190078). Relevance to Clinical Practice: The currently available guidelines and consensus statements on IAD have room for methodological improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vinyl acetate is a valuable industrial material used in the production of various polymers. The homogeneous Pd(OAc)n (n = 1–3) can catalyze ethylene acetoxylation to produce vinyl acetate. However, the reaction mechanism of Pd‐catalyzed formation of vinyl acetate remains unclear, especially in recognizing the active valence states of the Pd center. The full catalytic cycle of Pd‐catalyzed vinyl acetate formation includes ethylene‐acetate coupling, β‐H elimination, and catalyst regeneration. Based on the Wacker mechanism, two pathways were proposed for the ethylene‐acetate coupling, including a six‐membered ring mechanism through the attack of carbonyl oxygen (O2) of acetate, and a four‐membered ring mechanism through the attack of acetoxy oxygen (O1) of acetate on the coordinated ethylene. Our density functional theory (DFT) calculation shows that PdOAc cannot catalyze the acetoxylation of ethylene to form vinyl acetate due to the presence of a high energetic span. Pd(OAc)2 catalyzed reaction via the six‐membered mechanism is preferred, and the β‐H elimination is the rate‐determining step. For Pd(OAc)3, the six‐membered mechanism is favored as well, and the ethylene‐acetate coupling is the rate‐determining step. Overall, Pd(OAc)2 showed high activity (path a) toward the formation of vinyl acetate with a calculated TOF of 349 h−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]