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This article proposes a novel approach to optimize the heating coil of atomic sensors, which can reduce the impact of the heating process on performance. The atomic sensors utilize vapor cells to measure physical quantities by monitoring the precession state of alkali metal atoms, which are influenced by the magnetic field. Achieving a sufficient signal strength requires a high temperature to achieve the desired alkali metal atom density. However, the commonly used electric heating method introduces magnetic interference from the heating current. Therefore, this article proposes an optimal design scheme in 3-D space to mitigate the magnetic field generated by the heating coil in the atomic sensors. By designing vertical and planar structures, the influence of the magnetic field generated during the heating process on alkali metal atoms can be significantly decreased. First, the number of layers in the vertical structure is designed, and a three-layer optimal solution is proposed. Second, the planar structure optimization is designed by using the sparrow search algorithm (SSA) to generate a minimum spatial magnetic field by the heating coil with the same length. The simulation results show that the proposed design coil reduces the magnetic field from 803.44 to 160.72 pT/mA at a distance of 2 mm from the coil, a significant improvement over the $2^{N}$ configuration. Experimental results confirm that the magnetic field generated by the three-layer vertical structure is smaller than that of other multilayer structures, and the magnetic field generated by the optimized coil is smaller than $2^{N}$ coil.

This study aimed to characterize the effects of different dietary forms of supplemental manganese (Mn) on hepatic lipid deposition, gene expression, and enzyme activity in liver fat metabolism in 42-d-old broiler chickens. In total 420 one-day-old Arbor Acres (AA) broilers (rooster:hen = 1:1) were assigned randomly based on body weight and sex to 1 of 6 treatments (10 replicate cages per treatment and 7 broilers per replicate cage) in a completely randomized design using a 2 (sex) × 3 (diet) factorial arrangement. The 3 diets were basal control diets without Mn supplementation and basal diets supplemented with either Mn sulfate or Mn proteinate. No sex × diet interactions were observed in any of the measured indexes; thus, the effect of diet alone was presented in this study. Dietary Mn supplementation increased Mn content in the plasma and liver, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) activity, and ATGLmRNA and its protein expression in the liver by 5.3% to 24.0% (P< 0.05), but reduced plasma triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) levels, liver TG content, fatty acid synthase (FAS) and malic enzyme (ME) activities, mRNA expression of sterol-regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), FAS, stearoyl-coA desaturase (SCD), and ME, as well as the protein expression of SREBP1 and SCD in the liver by 5.5% to 22.8% (P< 0.05). No differences were observed between the 2 Mn sources in all of the determined parameters. Therefore, it was concluded that dietary Mn supplementation, regardless of Mn source, decreased hepatic lipid accumulation in broilers by inhibiting SREBP1 and SCD expression, FAS and ME activities, and enhancing ATGL expression and activity.Dietary manganese supplementation reduced hepatic lipid accumulation in broiler chickens by modulating lipid metabolism-related gene expression and enzyme activity in the liver.Dietary manganese supplementation regulates lipid deposition in broiler chickens, with the liver being a significant site of lipid metabolism. This study investigated the effects of different dietary forms of supplemental manganese on hepatic lipid deposition, gene expression, and enzyme activity in the liver fat metabolism of broiler chickens. The results showed that dietary manganese supplementation decreased the hepatic lipid accumulation of broilers by inhibiting the expression of sterol-regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and stearoyl-coA desaturase (SCD), as well as fatty acid synthase (FAS) and malic enzyme (ME) activities, and enhancing the expression and activity of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). This reduction in excessive fat production will help improve poultry health and mitigate losses in the poultry industry.