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Recent research in Internet of things has been widely applied for industrial practices, fostering the exponential growth of data and connected devices. Henceforth, data-driven AI models would be accessed by different parties through certain data-sharing policies. However, most of the current training procedures rely on the centralized data-collection strategy and a single computational server. However, such a centralized scheme may lead to many issues. Customer data stored in a centralized database may be tampered with so the provenance and authenticity of data cannot be justified. Once the aforementioned security concerns occur, the credibility of the trained AI models would be questionable and even unfavorable outcomes might be produced at the test stage. Lately, blockchain and AI, the two core technologies in Industry 4.0 and Web 3.0, have been explored to facilitate the decentralized AI training strategy. To serve on this very purpose, we propose a new system architecture called APPFLChain, namely an integrated architecture of a Hyperledger Fabric-based blockchain and a federated-learning paradigm. Our proposed new system allows different parties to jointly train AI models and their customers or stakeholders are connected by a consortium blockchain-based network. Our new system can maintain a high degree of security and privacy as users do not need to share sensitive personal information to the server. For numerical evaluation, we simulate a real-world scenario to illustrate the whole operational process of APPFLChain. Simulation results show that taking advantage of the characteristics of consortium blockchain and federated learning, APPFLChain can demonstrate favorable properties including untamperability, traceability, privacy protection, and reliable decision-making., Comment: We found that the simulation part in section V is not completed. We need to add more experiments to support it

Strong coupling between light and matter is the foundation of promising quantum photonic devices such as deterministic single photon sources, single atom lasers and photonic quantum gates, which consist of an atom and a photonic cavity. Unlike atom-based systems, a strong coupling unit based on an emitter-plasmonic nanocavity system has the potential to bring these devices to the microchip scale at ambient conditions. However, efficiently and precisely positioning a single or a few emitters into a plasmonic nanocavity is challenging. In addition, placing a strong coupling unit on a designated substrate location is a demanding task. Here, fluorophore-modified DNA strands are utilized to drive the formation of particle-on-film plasmonic nanocavities and simultaneously integrate the fluorophores into the high field region of the nanocavities. High cavity yield and fluorophore coupling yield are demonstrated. This method is then combined with e-beam lithography to position the strong coupling units on designated locations of a substrate. Furthermore, the high correlation between electronic transition of the fluorophore and the cavity resonance is observed, implying more vibrational modes may be involved. Our system makes strong coupling units more practical on the microchip scale and at ambient conditions and provides a stable platform for investigating fluorophore-plasmonic nanocavity interaction.