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Background Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common clinical condition with a decades-long course. Long-term and personalised health management in community hospitals is the best way to prevent and treat KOA, and non-surgical treatment is an effective way to slow joint degeneration and postpone joint replacement surgery. Objective To understand the population characteristics, clinical staging and treatment modality characteristics of the population attending community hospitals for knee osteoarthritis, in order to provide a basis for optimising the treatment protocol for knee osteoarthritis at the grassroots level. Method All streets in the urban area of Beijing were randomly selected for the study using the whole cluster sampling method, and Hepingli Street in Dongcheng District, Beijing was censored for all patients who attended all community hospitals (7) belonging to the street from January to June 2022, and general information, medical history, personal history, clinical staging, K-L grading and treatment modalities were collected. Results A total of 3 615 KOA patients were included in this study, including 1 327 males (36.71%) and 2 288 females (63.29%), aged (71.8±13.3) years. There were 867 cases (23.98%) in the onset period, 2009 cases (55.57%) in the remission period and 739 cases (20.45%) in the rehabilitation period. Gender and age of patients with different clinical stages were not correlated with clinical stages (P>0.05), while BMI (K=0.235) and KL grading (K=0.406) were correlated with clinical stages (P

Background: Despite hip function typically deteriorating in the post-collapse stage of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), some patients can still demonstrate long-term favorable hip function, a state termed "survival with collapse". This study aims to identify the characteristics of patients suitable for "survival with collapse" in cases of ONFH. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 65 patients (87 hips) diagnosed with post-collapse ONFH for ≥ 3 years (average 9.1 years, range 3–23 years). Hip function was assessed using the Harris Hip Score (HHS). Demographic, clinical, and radiographic data were compared between the favorable group (HHS > 80) and the poor group (HHS ≤ 80). Independent protective factors for hip function were identified by multivariate analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was further applied to evaluate these factors' diagnostic efficacy. Results: The favorable and poor groups included 46 and 41 hips, respectively. Significant differences were found in body mass index (BMI), Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) stage, collapse degree, Japanese Investigation Committee (JIC) classification, necrotic size, and hip subluxation between the two groups (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression identified collapse < 3 mm(OR:14.49, 95%CI: 3.52–59.68, p < 0.001), JIC types B (OR: 11.08, 95% CI: 1.07-115.12, p < 0.05) and C1(OR: 5.18, 95% CI: 1.47–18.20, p < 0.05) as independent protective factors for hip function, while BMI (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.59–0.97, p = 0.029) was an independent risk factor. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that both collapse degree (AUC = 0.798, sensitivity = 91.3%, specificity = 68.3%, p < 0.0001) and JIC classification (AUC = 0.787, sensitivity = 80.4%, specificity = 73.2%, p < 0.0001) had satisfactory diagnostic value for hip function. Combining JIC classification and collapse degree (AUC = 0.868, sensitivity = 76.1%, specificity = 85.4%, p < 0.0001) significantly enhanced diagnostic efficacy compared to using either alone (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In ONFH, femoral head collapse does not necessarily determine a poor prognosis. Patients with mild collapse (< 3 mm) and preserved anterolateral wall are more likely to retain satisfactory hip function, making them candidates for "survival with collapse." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The acceleration of fast charging capabilities has emerged as a pivotal objective within the realms of the battery, electric vehicle, and energy storage sectors. However, the classical electrochemical models are not able to describe voltages of the cell (Ucell), anode (Ua), and cathode (Uc) at high C‐rates. Herein, Ucell, Ua, and Uc are experimentally obtained under various C‐rates (0.1–2C) and identified the charge transfer resistance of the cathode (RCT,c) as the primary rate‐limiting factor. Thus, the anode is established as a multi‐scale coupling model with Fick's law and phase separation model applied, to discuss their effect on Ua and Li‐ion concentration prediction. 2D reconstruction structures for the cathode is established with RCT,c effect considered. Finally, the Ua, Uc, and Ucell are successfully predicted at different C‐rates. Results propose an accurate and versatile electrochemical model and highlight the importance of considering limiting factors in electrochemical modeling for fast charging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, Co/CoO heterojunction nanoparticles (NPs) rich in oxygen vacancies embedded in mesoporous walls of nitrogen‐doped hollow carbon nanoboxes coupled with nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotubes (P–Co/CoOV@NHCNB@NCNT) are well designed through zeolite‐imidazole framework (ZIF‐67) carbonization, chemical vapor deposition, and O2 plasma treatment. As a result, the three‐dimensional NHCNBs coupled with NCNTs and unique heterojunction with rich oxygen vacancies reduce the charge transport resistance and accelerate the catalytic reaction rate of the P–Co/CoOV@NHCNB@NCNT, and they display exceedingly good electrocatalytic performance for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR, halfwave potential [EORR, 1/2 = 0.855 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode]) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER, overpotential (ηOER, 10 = 377 mV@10 mA cm−2), which exceeds that of the commercial Pt/C + RuO2 and most of the formerly reported electrocatalysts. Impressively, both the aqueous and flexible foldable all‐solid‐state rechargeable zinc–air batteries (ZABs) assembled with the P–Co/CoOV@NHCNB@NCNT catalyst reveal a large maximum power density and outstanding long‐term cycling stability. First‐principles density functional theory calculations show that the formation of heterojunctions and oxygen vacancies enhances conductivity, reduces reaction energy barriers, and accelerates reaction kinetics rates. This work opens up a new avenue for the facile construction of highly active, structurally stable, and cost‐effective bifunctional catalysts for ZABs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work utilizes defect engineering, heterostructure, pyridine N‐doping, and carbon supporting to enhance cobalt‐nickel selenide microspheres' performance in the oxygen electrode reaction. Specifically, microspheres mainly composed of CoNiSe2 and Co9Se8 heterojunction rich in selenium vacancies (VSe·) wrapped with nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotubes (p‐CoNiSe/NCNT@CC) are prepared by Ar/NH3 radio frequency plasma etching technique. The synthesized p‐CoNiSe/NCNT@CC shows high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance (half‐wave potential (E1/2) = 0.878 V and limiting current density (JL) = 21.88 mA cm−2). The JL exceeds the 20 wt% Pt/C (19.34 mA cm−2) and the E1/2 is close to the 20 wt% Pt/C (0.881 V). It also possesses excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance (overpotential of 324 mV@10 mA cm−2), which even exceeds that of the commercial RuO2 (427 mV@10 mA cm−2). The density functional theory calculation indicates that the enhancement of ORR performance is attributed to the synergistic effect of plasma‐induced VSe· and the CoNiSe2‐Co9Se8 heterojunction. The p‐CoNiSe/NCNT@CC electrode assembled Zinc‐air batteries (ZABs) show a peak power density of 138.29 mW cm−2, outperforming the 20 wt% Pt/C+RuO2 (73.9 mW cm−2) and other recently reported catalysts. Furthermore, all‐solid‐state ZAB delivers a high peak power density of 64.83 mW cm−2 and ultra‐robust cycling stability even under bending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To establish the animal model of comorbidity of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and hypertension with pattern of liver and kidney deficiency and evaluate its characteristics of comorbidity and pattern. Methods Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were assigned to the WKY control group (control group), hypertension combined with KOA sham-operation group (sham-operation group), hypertension combined with KOA group (model group), hypertension combined with KOA and liver-kidney deficiency pattern group (LKD group). The animal model of KOA combined with hypertension was prepared by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) in spontaneously hypertensive rats. ACLT combined with intramuscular injection of hydrocortisone was performed to prepare an animal model of KOA with liver-kidney deficiency (LKD) pattern type, combined with hypertension. Then, the related indexes of LKD syndrome were detected in turn, including the contents of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), testosterone (T), corticosterone (CORT), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in serum, and enzyme activities of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum, the mass ratio of liver, kidney, spleen, thymus to the brain, body weight, anal temperature, activity situation, and emotion. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and other blood pressure-related indices were also detected. The levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1TNF-β (IL-1TNF-β), plantar mechanical pain sensitivity threshold, weight difference score of both hind limbs, hind limb joint swelling, and quadruped gait parameters were also measured. Furthermore, hematoxylin-eosin, safranine-fast green, and Masson staining were performed to observe pathological changes, cartilage degeneration, and bone destruction of the knee joint, and the microstructure parameters of the tibia were detected by Micro-CT imaging. Results Compared to the model group, the contents of serum TSH, ACTH, T, CORT and the mass ratio of the kidney, spleen, and thymus to the brain in the LKD group decreased (P < 0.05). Compared to the control group, the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of the other three groups increased significantly (P < 0.05). Compared to the sham-operation group, serum TNF-α and IL-1TNF-β levels increased, plantar mechanical pain threshold decreased, weight difference score of both hind limbs and joint swelling of the affected limb increased (P < 0.05), and gait parameters (e.g., gait length and standing time of the affected limbs) became abnormal in the model and LKD groups. Simultaneously, the cartilage surface defect of the rat knee joint was severe, the arrangement of the surface chondrocytes was altered, the cartilage layer became thinner, the muscle fibers increased, and the cartilage ossification was severe. Furthermore, the relative volume, thickness, and number of trabeculae of the knee joint decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Conclusion The rat model established in this study is consistent with the clinical characteristics of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine in patients with comorbidities of hypertension and KOA with liver and kidney deficiency pattern. This rat model can characterize the typical symptoms of liver and kidney deficiency pattern. It has typical pathological changes in knee cartilage and subchondral bone tissues and can maintain a stable range of high systolic and diastolic blood pressure. It also explore the scientific connotation of simultaneous treatment of different diseases in traditional Chinese medicine, revealing the therapeutic mechanism and developing new drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional Chinese exercise ("TCE" management modalities), including but not limited to Tai Chi, Baduanjin, and Yijinjing, has a good effect on improving the physical function of patients with knee osteoarthritis, but less attention has been paid to the impact on the psychological health of patients, and currently there is insufficient evidence to support it. We conducted this study to provide a systematic synthesis of best evidence regarding the physical and mental health of patients with knee osteoarthritis treated by traditional Chinese exercise. Literature on the effectiveness of traditional Chinese exercise (Tai Chi, Baduanjin, Yijinjing, Qigong, etc.) versus conventional therapy (muscle‐strength training of the lower extremity and aerobic training, wellness education, quadriceps strengthening exercises, etc.) on Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), visual analog scale (VAS), Short Form‐36 (SF‐36), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) from Pubmed, Web of Science, Ovid Technologies, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP), Wanfang Database, and SinoMed were collected from their inception to April 2022. Thirty‐three studies with 2621 cases were included in this study. The study's results indicated that compared with conventional therapy, traditional Chinese exercise had more advantages on patients' WOMAC score, significantly reducing patients' overall WOMAC score (SMD = −0.99; 95% CI: −1.38, −0.60; p < 0.00001) and relieving pain (SMD = −0.76; 95% CI: −1.11, −0.40; p < 0.0001) in patients with KOA. It also has advantages over conventional therapy in improving mental component score (MCS) (SMD = 0.32; 95% CI: −0.00, 0.65; p = 0.05) and physical component score (PCS) (SMD = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.62; p = 0.02). Compared with conventional therapy, traditional Chinese exercise can significantly reduce the effect on timed up and go test (TUG) score (SMD = −0.30; 95% CI: −0.50, −0.11; p = 0.002), beck depression inventory (DBI) score (SMD = −0.62; 95% CI: −1.03, −0.22; p = 0.002), and increase the impact on Berg Balance Scale (BBS) score (SMD = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.83; p < 0.00001). The findings of this study indicated that traditional Chinese exercise improved body function and mental health in patients with knee osteoarthritis significantly. More high‐quality clinical evidence‐based data was needed to confirm the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese exercise on the physical and mental health in KOA patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel process for the treatment of zinc sulfide ores is discussed in this paper, which consists of two procedures: microwave roasting pretreatment and synergistic chelation. What’s more, the reaction mechanism also has been studied. By comparing XRD patterns before and after roasting, it can be concluded that microwave truly alleviates the reaction energy, and adding Na2O2 avoids the emission of SO2. % recovery of zinc can reaches 72.47 % on conditions of adding Na2O2 25 %, microwave activating temperature 500 °C, holding time 10 min, leaching temperature 40 °C, ultrasonic wave power 1,800 W, leaching time 4.5 h and solid to liquid ratio 10:1 in ammonium chloride solution whose total ammonium concentrate is 7.5 mol/L (c(NH3)T=7.5 mol/L). The molar ratio of NH4Cl and NH3·H2O is 1:1 (c(NH4Cl): c(NH3·H2O)=1:1). The effect of ultrasonic wave power in this process is to shorten reaction time.

In this research, the extraction of zinc from the blast furnace dust in the ammonia leaching system containing different leaching agents (NH3, (NH4)3AC, (NH4)2CO3, (NH4)2SO4, NH4Cl) was investigated. Meanwhile, the effects of different total ammonia concentrations, ammonia/ammonium ratios, solid-liquid ratios, stirring speeds, and leaching temperatures on the extraction of zinc were studied. The results showed that ammonium sulfate was particularly effective and the extraction efficiency of zinc is up to 86.48% under the following conditions: total ammonia concentration of 5.0 mol/l, ammonia/ammonium ratio of 1:1, solid-liquid ratio of 1:5, temperature of 45°C, leaching time of 60 min, and stirring speed of 350 rpm.

Roasting pretreatment and ammonia leaching were performed to extract zinc from complicated zinc ores. The residue of the unroasted ore showed that the zinc containing phase ZnCO3 cannot be effectively leached in the ammonia leaching system. Mineral phase transformation of ZnCO3 takes place at a roasting temperature of 673 K, and this is the reason for the improvement of zinc leaching recovery. Additionally, the parameters that can influence the leaching rate of zinc such as the calcined temperature, the total ammonia concentration, the ratio of liquid to solid, the stirring speed and the leaching time were also investigated. Zinc leaching recovery from the complicated zinc ores could reach 84.7% under the following optimized experiment conditions: roasting temperature of 673 K, leaching temperature of 298 K, stirring speed of 500 rpm, total ammonia concentration of 6 mol/l, liquid to solid ratio of 11:1 and leaching time of 60 min. Compared to the zinc leaching recovery from unroasted ore (49.7%, ammonia concentration 6 mol/l), roasting pretreatment and optimization of process parameters can increase the zinc leaching recovery by 70.4%.

On the basis of an experiment on ultrasonic enhanced ammonia leaching of low grade zinc oxide ores, the effects of the total ammonia concentration, the ratio between the NH3 concentration (CNH3) and that of ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4 (C(NH4)2SO4), and the ultrasound power on zinc leaching rate were studied. The results showed that the leaching efficiency of zinc observably increased with the increase of the total ammonia concentration, and that the ratios between CNH3 and C(NH4)2SO4 can remarkably affect the zinc extraction from the low grade zinc oxide ores. When the ratio between CNH3 and C(NH4)2SO4 is 2 to 1, the leaching rates of zinc are observably improved. The ultrasound can improve the leaching efficiency of zinc, and its effect was especially pronounced when the NH3 concentrations were low. The higher ultrasound power cannot sensibly improve the leaching rate of zinc, but it can improve the leaching speed and shorten the leaching time. Under the optimized conditions - total ammonia concentration of 8 mol/l, ratio between CNH3 and C(NH4)2SO4 of 2 to 1, and ultrasound power of 600 W – 83.33% of zinc is recovered.

In this study, the effect of ammonium citrate (AC) on the leaching of low grade zinc oxide ore in the 5 m ammonia solution was studied. AC served as a leaching agent and complexing agent, respectively. The results of the leaching experiments showed that AC increased the leaching rate of zinc, which increased with the rise of the concentration of AC. Under conditions of temperature of 30°C, reaction time of 60 min, citric acid concentration of 1 mol/l and solid to liquid ratio of 1:5, 88.83% of zinc was leached. The enhancement mechanism of AC to the leaching rate of zinc was studied by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra.