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13. Effects of high NaHCO3 alkalinity on growth, tissue structure, digestive enzyme activity, and gut microflora of grass carp juvenile.

Author

Wen, Jian, Chen, Song-lin, Xu, Wen-ya, Zheng, Guo-dong, and Zou, Shu-ming

Subjects
CTENOPHARYNGODON idella, DIGESTIVE enzymes, ALKALINITY, BACTERIAL proteins, GUT microbiome, FISH farming
Abstract

With the gradual decrease in freshwater resources, the available space for freshwater aquaculture is diminishing. As a result, saline-alkaline water aquaculture has emerged as a crucial method to fulfill the increasing demand. This study investigates the impact of alkaline water on the growth performance, tissues (gill, liver, and kidney), digestive enzyme activity, and intestinal microbiology in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The aquarium conditions were set with sodium bicarbonate (18 mmol/L (LAW), 32 mmol/L (HAW)) to simulate the alkaline water environment. A freshwater group was the control (FW). The experimental fish were cultured for 60 days. The findings revealed that NaHCO3 alkaline stress significantly reduced growth performance, caused alterations in the structural morphology of gill lamellae, liver, and kidney tissues, and led to decreased activity of intestinal trypsin and lipase amylase (P < 0.05). Analysis of 16S rRNA sequences demonstrated that alkalinity influenced the abundance of dominant bacterial phyla and genera. Proteobacteria showed a significant decrease under alkaline conditions, while Firmicutes exhibited a significant increase (P < 0.05). Furthermore, alkalinity conditions significantly reduced the abundance of bacteria involved in protein, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism, cell transport, cell decomposition, and environmental information processing. Conversely, the abundance of bacteria associated with lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, organic systems, and disease functional flora increased significantly under alkalinity conditions (P < 0.05). In conclusion, this comprehensive study indicates that alkalinity stress adversely affected the growth performance of juvenile grass carp, likely due to tissue damage, reduced activity of intestinal digestive enzymes, and alterations in intestinal microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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24. Footprints of global change in marine life: Inferring past environment based on DNA methylation and gene expression marks

Author

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Anastasiadi, Dafni, Shao, Changwei, Chen, Song‐Lin, Piferrer, Francesc, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Anastasiadi, Dafni, Shao, Changwei, Chen, Song‐Lin, and Piferrer, Francesc

Abstract

Ocean global warming affects the distribution, life history and physiology of marine life. Extreme events, like marine heatwaves, are increasing in frequency and intensity. During sensitive stages of early fish development, the consequences may be long‐lasting and mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. Here, we used European sea bass as a model to study the possible long‐lasting effects of a marine heatwave during early development. We measured DNA methylation and gene expression in four tissues (brain, muscle, liver and testis) and detected differentially methylated regions (DMRs). Six genes were differentially expressed and contained DMRs three years after exposure to increased temperature, indicating direct phenotypic consequences and representing persistent changes. Interestingly, nine genes contained DMRs around the same genomic regions across tissues, therefore consisting of common footprints of developmental temperature in environmentally responsive loci. These loci are, to our knowledge, the first metastable epialleles (MEs) described in fish. MEs may serve as biomarkers to infer past life history events linked with persistent consequences. These results highlight the importance of subtle phenotypic changes mediated by epigenetics to extreme weather events during sensitive life stages. Also, to our knowledge, it is the first time the molecular effects of a marine heatwave during the lifetime of individuals are assessed. MEs could be used in surveillance programs aimed at determining the footprints of climate change on marine life. Our study paves the way for the identification of conserved MEs that respond equally to environmental perturbations across species. Conserved MEs would constitute a tool of assessment of global change effects in marine life at a large scale

Published
2021

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