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Objective: The utilization of radioactive iodine‐131I (RAI) has long been established as a cost‐effective and conventional treatment for managing Graves' disease (GD). However, the accurate prediction of the clinical response to RAI treatment remains difficult. The successful resolution of GD through RAI therapy is typically characterized by the induction of hypothyroidism or euthyroidism. Thus, the principal aim of this study was to identify plausible predictors of RAI efficacy in the treatment of GD. Methods: The clinical data of 613 GD patients, who underwent RAI treatment for the first time, were retrospectively analyzed, including age, gender, duration of hyperthyroidism, presence or absence of ocular signs, thyroid volume, thyroid weight, thyroid function (FT3, FT4, and TSH), radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) at 2 h/6 h/24 h (2‐h/6‐h/24‐h RAIU) prior to RAI treatment, the highest RAIU (RAIUmax), and administered activity of 131I and 131I activity per gram of thyroid tissue. Success of RAI treatment was defined as achieving hypothyroidism or euthyroidism for more than 1 year after the initial treatment. Univariate and multivariate logistics regression analyses were conducted to identify factors that influence the efficacy of RAI treatment for GD. And at last, based on the results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis, a nomogram model was established. Results: In this study, the success rate of RAI treatment for GD was 91.2% (559/613). Univariate analysis demonstrated that several factors, including age (p = 0.005), thyroid volume (p = 0.001), thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH, p = 0.042), ratio of RAIU at 6 h to 24 h (6‐h/24‐h RAIU, p = 0.048), total 131I activity (p = 0.026), and 131I activity per gram of thyroid tissue (p = 0.001), were significantly associated with treatment outcome. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated thyroid volume and 131I activity per gram of thyroid tissue as significant independent predictors of radioactive iodine therapy (RIT) efficacy. The area under the ROC curve of the established nomogram model was 0.769 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.692–0.846), indicating that the model has good discriminatory ability. Conclusion: Calculated‐dose RAI is effective in the treatment of GD. The smaller thyroid volume and the higher 131I activity per gram of thyroid tissue are predictors of RAI efficacy in the treatment of GD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of multifunctional supramolecular nanocomposite hydrogels remains challenging. Here, the dynamic host–guest interactions involving the host molecule CB[8] and guest units were utilized to prepare Fe3O4 hybrid supramolecular nanocomposite hydrogels. The results showed that the hydrogels obtained possessed a porous structure. The CB[8]‐modified Fe3O4 (Fe3O4@CB[8]) nanoparticles served as cross‐linkers in forming the network of hydrogels. By adjusting the Fe3O4@CB[8] content, the mechanical properties of the hydrogels could be controlled. The tensile stress was measured at 160 kPa with a fracture strain of 1380%, while the compression stress was 230 kPa at 70% compression strain. The self‐healing efficiency of the hydrogels at room temperature reached 95% after 24 h. The as‐obtained hydrogels show strain sensitivity and have the potential for applications in detecting elbow and finger movements. Our supramolecular nanocomposite hydrogels exhibit multiple functions, including self‐healing, injectability, photothermal responsiveness, and conductivity, making them suitable for integration into flexible electronics. Highlights: Fe3O4@CB[8] nanoparticles serve as cross‐linkers for the nanocomposite hydrogels.CB[8] based host–guest interactions enable hydrogels to self‐heal.Fe3O4@CB[8] endow hydrogels with stretchability and photothermal responsiveness.Hydrogels exhibit injectability, NIR responsiveness, and conductive ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ce-containing Nd–Fe–B magnets have been widely used because of their low cost, but the effects of Ce content in the magnets on the grain boundary diffusion (GBD) behavior are still unclear. In this work, Pr–Nd–Ce–Fe–B sintered magnets with various Ce contents were treated by using a Tb–Cu GBD process. The effects of Ce content on the diffusion behavior of Tb and the microstructure evolution of the magnets were systematically investigated. The results indicate that the coercivity of magnets with Ce/TRE (TRE: total rare earth) ratios of 0, 4, 10, 25, and 35 wt% was increased by 68%, 81%, 79%, 42% and 21%, respectively, after Tb–Cu diffusion. The coercivity enhancement increases firstly with the increasing Ce/TRE ratio from 0 to 10 wt% then decreases with the further increase of Ce content in the magnet. For the magnets with low Ce content, an increase of Ce content lowers the melting point of the RE-rich GB phase, which is beneficial to the diffusion of Tb. In the magnets with high Ce contents, a large amount of REFe2 phase formed in GBs, which acts as an obstacle to Tb diffusion. The formation of the REFe2 phase not only blocks the liquid diffusion channel but also consumes Tb. Meanwhile, Tb, Nd, and Pr elements can enter into the REFe2 phase during the GBD treatment, leading to the transition of the REFe2 phase from paramagnetic to ferromagnetic, which is not beneficial to magnetic isolation and coercivity enhancement. This study thus provides a deep understanding of the role of Ce in the diffusion of HRE, which could provide a reference for the industrial development of the GBD process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glycosylation and phosphorylation rank as paramount post‐translational modifications, and their analysis heavily relies on enrichment techniques. In this work, a facile approach was developed for the one‐step simultaneous enrichment and stepwise elution of glycoproteins and phosphoproteins. The core of this approach was the application of the novel titanium (IV) ion immobilized poly(glycidyl methacrylate) microparticles functionalized with dendrimer polyethylenimine and phytic acid. The microparticles possessed dual enrichment capabilities due to their abundant titanium ions and hydroxyl groups on the surface. They demonstrate rapid adsorption equilibrium (within 30 min) and exceptional adsorption capacity for β‐casein (1107.7 mg/g) and horseradish peroxidase (438.6 mg/g), surpassing that of bovine serum albumin (91.7 mg/g). Furthermore, sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was conducted to validate the enrichment capability. Experimental results across various biological samples, including standard protein mixtures, non‐fat milk, and human serum, demonstrated the remarkable ability of these microparticles to enrich low‐abundance glycoproteins and phosphoproteins from biological samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pea protein isolate (PPI), a high‐concentration protein ingredient derived from peas, is increasingly utilized in food applications, including beverages, meat or dairy alternatives, and baked goods. The protein extraction process typically used to manufacture PPI renders the protein highly denatured, which can have a negative impact on its functionality. Therefore, it is critical to understand how to prepare and utilize PPI to maximize its functionality. The current study evaluates the effect of select reconstitution conditions on the structure and functionality of PPI, across a range of protein concentrations (4%–10%) relevant to a variety of food applications. Temperature during reconstitution with water and hydration time impacted both protein hydration and its functionality. Increasing reconstitution temperature from 20 to 60°C and increasing hydration time from 10 to 40 min decreased PPI particle size in solution and increased PPI solubility. Viscosity of PPI solutions also increased with mild heating and longer hydration time, whereas their flow behavior was highly dependent on protein concentration. Experimental data demonstrates that reconstitution conditions have a significant impact on PPI functionality. These findings can help food formulators develop high‐quality food products that utilize PPI as a functional ingredient. Practical Application: Protein in commercially available pea protein isolates (PPIs) is usually highly denatured, and thus, it is important to find ways to maximize its functionality in practical applications. The findings of this study inform food scientists how to leverage PPI at various protein concentrations with optimal reconstitution conditions to develop high‐quality products. Generally, mild heating and longer hydration times improve PPI functional performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The excessive formation of peroxynitrite (ONOO−) in mitochondria has been implicated in various pathophysiological processes and diseases. However, owing to short emission wavelengths and small Stokes shifts, previously reported fluorescent probes pose significant challenges for mitochondrial ONOO− imaging in biological systems. In this study, a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe, denoted as DCO-POT, is designed for the visual monitoring of mitochondrial ONOO−, displaying a remarkable Stokes shift of 170 nm. The NIR fluorophore of DCO-CHO is released by DCO-POT upon the addition of ONOO−, resulting in off–on NIR fluorescence at 670 nm. This phenomenon facilitates the high-resolution confocal laser scanning imaging of ONOO− generated in biological systems. The practical applications of DCO-POT as an efficient fluorescence imaging tool are verified in this study. DCO-POT enables the fluorometric visualization of ONOO− in organelles, cells, and organisms. In particular, ONOO− generation is analyzed during cellular and organism-level (zebrafish) inflammation during ferroptosis and in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. The excellent visual monitoring performance of DCO-POT in vivo makes it a promising tool for exploring the pathophysiological effects of ONOO−. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]