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For the problem of coal and gas outburst in Chensilou Coal Mine, based on gas geology and tectonophysics theory, the cause of “4·10” coal and gas outburst was discussed from geological factors and engineering factors by using field investigation and numerical simulation. The results show that the pressure-torsional en-echelon faults caused the shearing stress concentration and structural deformation of rock bridge area, destroyed coal body structure and congregating gas. It provided the elastic internal energy and gas expansion energy for coal and gas outburst, and it was main geological factor of the coal and gas outburst. The fault activation caused by mining stress disturbance induces coal and gas outburst. On above basis, the coal gas comprehensive prevention and controlling measures of were proposed, including of strengthening fault prediction, using a reliable prediction system coal and gas outburst and strengthening gas drainage measures.

Various well-established and novel surface modification procedures were used on glassy carbon (GC) electrodes to yield surfaces with low oxide content or which lack specific oxide functional groups. In addition, monolayers of several different adsorbates were formed on GC surfaces before electrochemical evaluation. Both the non-specific monolayer adsorbates and reagents which chemisorb to specific functional groups were observed on the surface with Raman and photoelectron spectroscopy. The various GC surfaces were then evaluated for their electron transfer reactivity with nine redox systems in aqueous electrolyte, including Ru[[([NH.sub.3]).sub.6].sup.2-/3+], Fe[(C[N.sub.6]).sup.3-/4-], ascorbic acid, and [[Fe.sub.aq].sup.3-/2+]. The nine systems were categorized according to their kinetic sensitivity to surface modification. Several, including Ru[[([NH.sub.3]).sub.6].sup.2+/3+], are insensitive to surface modifications and are considered outer sphere. [[Fe.sub.aq].sup.3+/2-], [[V.sub.aq].sup.2+/3+], and [[Eu.sub.aq].sup.2+/3+] are catalyzed by surface carbonyl groups and are very sensitive to the removal of surface oxides or derivatization of C=O groups. Ascorbic acid and Fe[[(CN).sub.6].sup.3-/4-] constitute a third group which are not catalyzed by oxides but which do require a specific surface interaction. A procedure for classifying redox systems by their kinetics on modified carbon surfaces is proposed.

High salinity causes severe damage to plant growth and significantly reduces crop yields. The CCX family proteins can facilitate the transport of multiple ions to prevent toxicity. CCX proteins play an important role in regulating plant salt tolerance, but no detailed studies on CCX proteins in apples have been reported. Here, the CCX family gene MdCCX1 was cloned from apple (Malus domestica). It is constitutively expressed in various apple tissues and is significantly induced by salt stress. As a plasma membrane-localized protein, MdCCX1 -overexpression could complement the Na+-sensitive phenotype of yeast mutants and reduce the Na+ content in yeast cells under NaCl treatment, suggesting that MdCCX1 could be a plasma membrane-localized Na+ transporter. To identify the function of MdCCX1 in salt response, we transformed this gene into Arabidopsis , apple calli, and apple plants. Overexpression of MdCCX1 significantly improved the salt tolerance of these transgenic materials. The significantly reduced Na+ content under NaCl treatment indicated that MdCCX1 overexpression could enhance plant salt tolerance by inhibiting the excessive accumulation of Na+. Besides, MdCCX1 overexpression could also enhance plant salt tolerance by promoting ROS scavenging. These findings provide new insight and rich resources for future studies of CCX proteins in plant species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking the 409 traditional villages in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture announced by the Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of Guizhou Province from 2012 to 2019 as the research object, the distribution characteristics and infl uencing factors of the traditional villages was analyzed using ArcGIS 10.2 software and geographic proximity and other measurement methods. The results show that the spatial distribution of traditional villages in Qiandongnan prefecture presents an agglomeration pattern. The high-density distribution areas of traditional villages are Liping County, Congjiang County, Leishan County and Taijiang County. The distribution of traditional villages is mainly concentrated in the southern and central regions of Qiandongnan prefecture. The natural environment, social economy, national history and culture are the main factors affecting the spatial distribution of traditional villages in Qiandongnan prefecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims/Introduction: High plasma 3‐carboxy‐4‐methyl‐5‐propyl‐2‐furanpropanoic acid (CMPF) levels are significantly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is usually accompanied by metabolic syndrome and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with increased triglyceride levels. Thus, we hypothesized that elevated CMPF levels might be related to lipid metabolism and NAFLD risk. Materials and Methods: Serum CMPF levels were determined using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in a total of 466 individuals, including 116 controls with no NAFLD or type 2 diabetes mellitus, 53 individuals with NAFLD but no type 2 diabetes mellitus, 151 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus but no NAFLD, and 146 individuals with both NAFLD and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The associations with age, blood pressure, lipid profiles, body mass index and liver injury marker levels were examined, and a meta‐analysis of non‐diabetic and diabetic groups was carried out to detect the combined effects. Results: The CMPF concentration in NAFLD patients was significantly lower than individuals without NAFLD in both the non‐diabetic group (P < 0.05) and diabetic group (P < 0.01), and correlated negatively with several parameters of liver function and the adiposity index. Meta‐analysis showed that serum CMPF levels was associated with decreased risk of NAFLD after combining the results (odds ratio 0.677, 95% confidence interval 0.552–0.831, P < 0.001). Additionally, the CMPF concentration was independently negatively associated with triglycerides and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol in the meta‐analysis. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that body mass index, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride level, age, sex and fasting plasma glucose were independently associated with CMPF (all P < 0.05). Conclusions: The results suggest that serum CMPF levels are negatively related to lipid metabolism and could be used to predict NAFLD development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]