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4. Evolution and legacy of East Asian aurochs

Author

Hou, Jiawen, Guan, Xiwen, Xia, Xiaoting, Lyu, Yang, Liu, Xin, Mazei, Yuri, Xie, Ping, Chang, Fengqin, Zhang, Xiaonan, Chen, Jialei, Li, Xinyi, Zhang, Fengwei, Jin, Liangliang, Luo, Xiaoyu, Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S., Sun, Xin, Achilli, Alessandro, Migliore, Nicola Rambaldi, Zhang, Dongju, Lenstra, Johannes A., Han, Jianlin, Fu, Qiaomei, Liu, Xinyi, Zhang, Xiaoming, Chen, Ningbo, Lei, Chuzhao, and Zhang, Hucai

Published
2024
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5. Recent selection and introgression facilitated high-altitude adaptation in cattle

Author

Lyu, Yang, Wang, Fuwen, Cheng, Haijian, Han, Jing, Dang, Ruihua, Xia, Xiaoting, Wang, Hui, Zhong, Jincheng, Lenstra, Johannes A., Zhang, Hucai, Han, Jianlin, MacHugh, David E., Medugorac, Ivica, Upadhyay, Maulik, Leonard, Alexander S., Ding, He, Yang, Xiaorui, Wang, Ming-Shan, Quji, Suolang, Zhuzha, Basang, Quzhen, Pubu, Wangmu, Silang, Cangjue, Nima, Wa, Da, Ma, Weidong, Liu, Jianyong, Zhang, Jicai, Huang, Bizhi, Qi, Xingshan, Li, Fuqiang, Huang, Yongzhen, Ma, Yun, Wang, Yu, Gao, Yuanpeng, Lu, Wenfa, Lei, Chuzhao, and Chen, Ningbo

Published
2024
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7. Global genetic diversity, introgression, and evolutionary adaptation of indicine cattle revealed by whole genome sequencing

Author

Chen, Ningbo, Xia, Xiaoting, Hanif, Quratulain, Zhang, Fengwei, Dang, Ruihua, Huang, Bizhi, Lyu, Yang, Luo, Xiaoyu, Zhang, Hucai, Yan, Huixuan, Wang, Shikang, Wang, Fuwen, Chen, Jialei, Guan, Xiwen, Liu, Yangkai, Li, Shuang, Jin, Liangliang, Wang, Pengfei, Sun, Luyang, Zhang, Jicai, Liu, Jianyong, Qu, Kaixing, Cao, Yanhong, Sun, Junli, Liao, Yuying, Xiao, Zhengzhong, Cai, Ming, Mu, Lan, Siddiki, Amam Zonaed, Asif, Muhammad, Mansoor, Shahid, Babar, Masroor Ellahi, Hussain, Tanveer, Silva, Gamamada Liyanage Lalanie Pradeepa, Gorkhali, Neena Amatya, Terefe, Endashaw, Belay, Gurja, Tijjani, Abdulfatai, Zegeye, Tsadkan, Gebre, Mebrate Genet, Ma, Yun, Wang, Yu, Huang, Yongzhen, Lan, Xianyong, Chen, Hong, Migliore, Nicola Rambaldi, Colombo, Giulia, Semino, Ornella, Achilli, Alessandro, Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S., Lenstra, Johannes A., Cheng, Haijian, Lu, Wenfa, Hanotte, Olivier, Han, Jianlin, Jiang, Yu, and Lei, Chuzhao

Published
2023
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8. Structural variation and introgression from wild populations in East Asian cattle genomes confer adaptation to local environment

Author

Xia, Xiaoting, Zhang, Fengwei, Li, Shuang, Luo, Xiaoyu, Peng, Lixin, Dong, Zheng, Pausch, Hubert, Leonard, Alexander S., Crysnanto, Danang, Wang, Shikang, Tong, Bin, Lenstra, Johannes A., Han, Jianlin, Li, Fuyong, Xu, Tieshan, Gu, Lihong, Jin, Liangliang, Dang, Ruihua, Huang, Yongzhen, Lan, Xianyong, Ren, Gang, Wang, Yu, Gao, Yuanpeng, Ma, Zhijie, Cheng, Haijian, Ma, Yun, Chen, Hong, Pang, Weijun, Lei, Chuzhao, and Chen, Ningbo

Published
2023
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15. A New Deep Learning Method for Image Deblurring in Optical Microscopic Systems

Author

Zhao, Huangxuan, Ke, Ziwen, Chen, Ningbo, Li, Ke, Wang, Lidai, Gong, Xiaojing, Zheng, Wei, Song, Liang, Liu, Zhicheng, Liang, Dong, and Liu, Chengbo

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing
Abstract

Deconvolution is the most commonly used image processing method to remove the blur caused by the point-spread-function (PSF) in optical imaging systems. While this method has been successful in deblurring, it suffers from several disadvantages including being slow, since it takes many iterations, suboptimal, in cases where experimental operator chosen to represent PSF is not optimal. In this paper, we are proposing a deep-learning-based deblurring method applicable to optical microscopic imaging systems. We tested the proposed method in database data, simulated data, and experimental data (include 2D optical microscopic data and 3D photoacoustic microscopic data), all of which showed much improved deblurred results compared to deconvolution. To quantify the improved performance, we compared our results against several deconvolution methods. Our results are better than conventional techniques and do not require multiple iterations or pre-determined experimental operator. Our method has the advantages of simple operation, short time to compute, good deblur results and wide application in all types of optical microscopic imaging systems. The deep learning approach opens up a new path for deblurring and can be applied in various biomedical imaging fields.

Published
2019

22. A Whole-Genome Scan Revealed Genomic Features and Selection Footprints of Mengshan Cattle.

Author

Cheng, Haijian, Lyu, Yang, Liu, Ziao, Li, Chuanqing, Qu, Kaixing, Li, Shuang, Ahmed, Zulfiqar, Ma, Weidong, Qi, Xingshan, Chen, Ningbo, and Lei, Chuzhao

Subjects
GERMPLASM conservation, GERMPLASM, CATTLE breeding, POPULATION genetics, MEAT quality, CATTLE breeds, CATTLE genetics
Abstract

(1) Background: Mengshan cattle from the Yimeng mountainous region in China stand out as a unique genetic resource, known for their adaptive traits and environmental resilience. However, these cattle are currently endangered and comprehensive genomic characterization remains largely unexplored. This study aims to address this gap by investigating the genomic features and selection signals in Mengshan cattle. (2) Methods: Utilizing whole-genome resequencing data from 122 cattle, including 37 newly sequenced Mengshan cattle, we investigated population structure, genetic diversity, and selection signals. (3) Results: Our analyses revealed that current Mengshan cattle primarily exhibit European taurine cattle ancestry, with distinct genetic characteristics indicative of adaptive traits. We identified candidate genes associated with immune response, growth traits, meat quality, and neurodevelopment, shedding light on the genomic features underlying the unique attributes of Mengshan cattle. Enrichment analysis highlighted pathways related to insulin secretion, calcium signaling, and dopamine synapse, further elucidating the genetic basis of their phenotypic traits. (4) Conclusions: Our results provide valuable insights for further research and conservation efforts aimed at preserving this endangered genetic resource. This study enhances the understanding of population genetics and underscores the importance of genomic research in informing genetic resources and conservation initiatives for indigenous cattle breeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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26. An atlas of CNV maps in cattle, goat and sheep

Author

Huang, Yongzhen, Li, Yunjia, Wang, Xihong, Yu, Jiantao, Cai, Yudong, Zheng, Zhuqing, Li, Ran, Zhang, Shunjin, Chen, Ningbo, Asadollahpour Nanaei, Hojjat, Hanif, Quratulain, Chen, Qiuming, Fu, Weiwei, Li, Chao, Cao, Xiukai, Zhou, Guangxian, Liu, Shudong, He, Sangang, Li, Wenrong, Chen, Yulin, Chen, Hong, Lei, Chuzhao, Liu, Mingjun, and Jiang, Yu

Published
2021
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28. A High-Coverage Mesolithic Aurochs Genome and Effective Leveraging of Ancient Cattle Genomes Using Whole Genome Imputation

Author

Erven, Jolijn A.M., Scheu, Amelie, Verdugo, Marta Pereira, Cassidy, Lara, Chen, Ningbo, Gehlen, Birgit, Street, Martin, Madsen, Ole, Mullin, Victoria E., Erven, Jolijn A.M., Scheu, Amelie, Verdugo, Marta Pereira, Cassidy, Lara, Chen, Ningbo, Gehlen, Birgit, Street, Martin, Madsen, Ole, and Mullin, Victoria E.

Abstract

Ancient genomic analyses are often restricted to utilizing pseudohaploid data due to low genome coverage. Leveraging low-coverage data by imputation to calculate phased diploid genotypes that enables haplotype-based interrogation and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) calling at unsequenced positions is highly desirable. This has not been investigated for ancient cattle genomes despite these being compelling subjects for archeological, evolutionary, and economic reasons. Here, we test this approach by sequencing a Mesolithic European aurochs (18.49×; 9,852 to 9,376 calBCE) and an Early Medieval European cow (18.69×; 427 to 580 calCE) and combine these with published individuals: two ancient and three modern. We downsample these genomes (0.25×, 0.5×, 1.0×, and 2.0×) and impute diploid genotypes, utilizing a reference panel of 171 published modern cattle genomes that we curated for 21.7 million (Mn) phased SNPs. We recover high densities of correct calls with an accuracy of >99.1% at variant sites for the lowest downsample depth of 0.25×, increasing to >99.5% for 2.0× (transversions only, minor allele frequency [MAF] ≥ 2.5%). The recovery of SNPs correlates with coverage; on average, 58% of sites are recovered for 0.25× increasing to 87% for 2.0×, utilizing an average of 3.5 million (Mn) transversions (MAF ≥2.5%), even in the aurochs, despite the highest temporal distance from the modern reference panel. Our imputed genomes behave similarly to directly called data in allele frequency-based analyses, for example consistently identifying runs of homozygosity >2 Mb, including a long homozygous region in the Mesolithic European aurochs.

Published
2024

30. Targeted Cyclo[8]pyrrole-Based NIR-II Photoacoustic Tomography Probe for Suppression of Orthotopic Pancreatic Tumor Growth and Intra-abdominal Metastases

Author

Chen, Jingqin, primary, Chen, Rui, additional, Chau, Calvin V., additional, Sedgwick, Adam C., additional, Xue, Qiang, additional, Chen, Tao, additional, Zeng, Silue, additional, Chen, Ningbo, additional, Wong, Kenneth K. Y., additional, Song, Liang, additional, Ren, Yaguang, additional, Yang, Jian, additional, Sessler, Jonathan L., additional, and Liu, Chengbo, additional

Published
2024
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32. Evidence for early domestic yak, taurine cattle, and their hybrids on the Tibetan Plateau

Author

Chen, Ningbo, primary, Zhang, Zhengwei, additional, Hou, Jiawen, additional, Chen, Jialei, additional, Gao, Xuan, additional, Tang, Li, additional, Wangdue, Shargan, additional, Zhang, Xiaoming, additional, Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S., additional, Liu, Xuexue, additional, Han, Jianlin, additional, Lü, Hongliang, additional, Lei, Chuzhao, additional, Marshall, Fiona, additional, and Liu, Xinyi, additional

Published
2023
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36. Relief of Tumor Hypoxia Using a Nanoenzyme Amplifies NIR-II Photoacoustic-Guided Photothermal Therapy

Author

Xue, Qiang, primary, Zeng, Silue, additional, Ren, Yaguang, additional, Pan, Yingying, additional, Chen, Jianhai, additional, chen, ningbo, additional, Wong, Kenneth Kin-Yip, additional, Song, Liang, additional, fang, chihua, additional, Guo, Jinhan, additional, XU, JinFeng, additional, Liu, Chengbo, additional, Zeng, Jie, additional, Sun, Litao, additional, zhang, Hai, additional, and Chen, Jingqin, additional

Published
2023
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39. A whole genome scan reveals distinct features of selection in Zhaotong cattle of Yunnan province.

Author

Lyu, Yang, Guan, Xiwen, Xu, Xinglong, Wang, Pengfei, Li, Qiaoxian, Panigrahi, Manjit, Zhang, Jicai, Chen, Ningbo, Huang, Bizhi, and Lei, Chuzhao

Subjects
CATTLE genetics, CATTLE breeds, CATTLE, WHOLE genome sequencing, GERMPLASM, BONE growth, CATTLE breeding
Abstract

Over the years, indigenous cattle have not only played an essential role in securing primary food sources but have also been utilized for labor by humans, making them invaluable genetic resources. The Zhaotong cattle, a native Chinese breed from the Yunnan province, possess excellent meat quality and resistance to heat and humidity. Here we used whole genome sequencing data of 104 animals to delve into the population structure, genomic diversity and potential positive selection signals in Zhaotong cattle. The findings of this study demonstrate that the genetic composition of Zhaotong cattle was primarily derived from Chinese indicine cattle and East Asian cattle. The nucleotide diversity of Zhaotong cattle was only lower than that of Chinese indicine cattle, which was much higher than that of other taurine cattle. Genome‐wide selection scans detected a series of positive candidate regions containing multiple key genes related to bone development and metabolism (CA10, GABRG3, GLDN and NOTUM), meat quality traits (ALG8, LINGO2, MYO5B, PRKG1 and GABRB1), immune response (ADA2, BMF, LEF1 and PAK6) and heat resistance (EIF2AK4 and LEF1). In summary, this study supplies essential genetic insights into the genome diversity within Zhaotong cattle and provides a foundational framework for comprehending the genetic basis of indigenous cattle breeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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40. Identification of Dezhou donkey muscle development-related genes and long non-coding RNA based on differential expression analysis.

Author

Yu, Jie, Yang, Ge, Li, Shipeng, Li, Mei, Ji, Chuanliang, Liu, Guiqin, Wang, Yantao, Chen, Ningbo, Lei, Chuzhao, and Dang, Ruihua

Subjects
LINCRNA, GENE expression, DONKEYS, MUSCLE growth, SKELETAL muscle
Abstract

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a critical role in the development of muscles. However, the role of lncRNAs in regulating skeletal muscle development has not been studied systematically in the donkey. In this study, we performed the RNA sequencing for different stages of muscles in donkeys, and investigate their expression profile, which showed that 3215 mRNAs (p-adjust <0.05) and 471 lncRNAs (p-value <0.05) were significantly differently expressed (DE) verified by RT-qPCR. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that DE genes and target genes of DE lncRNAs were associated with muscle development in the donkey. We also found these four target genes (DCN, ITM2A, MUSTN1, ARRDC2) involved in skeletal muscle growth and development. Combined with transcriptome data, network, and RT-qPCR results showed that four co-expression networks of DCN and lnc-008278, ITM2A and lnc_017247, MUSTN1 and lnc_030153, and ARRDC2 and lnc_033914, which may play an important role in the formation and development of muscle in the donkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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41. Simulation Research of Engaging Process of Clutch based on ADAMS

Author

Liu Xiaochu, Chen Youcheng, Jiang Yin, Cao Jie, and Chen Ningbo

Subjects
Clutch, Virtual prototype technology, Dynamics simulation, ADAMS/view, Mechanical engineering and machinery, TJ1-1570
Abstract

Based on the structure and movement theory of automobile clutch,combined with a clutch structural parameters of a vehicle,a virtual prototype of clutch is built in ADAMS virtual environment platform,and the simulation analysis of the working process of the clutch is carried out,such as ride comfort,impact strength,friction work,etc. Some reference basis for clutch virtual prototype design,simulation and testing is provided.

Published
2017
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44. Global dispersal and adaptive evolution of domestic cattle:a genomic perspective

Author

Xia, Xiaoting, Qu, Kaixing, Wang, Yan, Sinding, Mikkel Holger S., Wang, Fuwen, Hanif, Quratulain, Ahmed, Zulfiqar, Lenstra, Johannes A., Han, Jianlin, Lei, Chuzhao, Chen, Ningbo, Xia, Xiaoting, Qu, Kaixing, Wang, Yan, Sinding, Mikkel Holger S., Wang, Fuwen, Hanif, Quratulain, Ahmed, Zulfiqar, Lenstra, Johannes A., Han, Jianlin, Lei, Chuzhao, and Chen, Ningbo

Abstract

Domestic cattle have spread across the globe and inhabit variable and unpredictable environments. They have been exposed to a plethora of selective pressures and have adapted to a variety of local ecological and management conditions, including UV exposure, diseases, and stall-feeding systems. These selective pressures have resulted in unique and important phenotypic and genetic differences among modern cattle breeds/populations. Ongoing efforts to sequence the genomes of local and commercial cattle breeds/populations, along with the growing availability of ancient bovid DNA data, have significantly advanced our understanding of the genomic architecture, recent evolution of complex traits, common diseases, and local adaptation in cattle. Here, we review the origin and spread of domestic cattle and illustrate the environmental adaptations of local cattle breeds/populations., Domestic cattle have spread across the globe and inhabit variable and unpredictable environments. They have been exposed to a plethora of selective pressures and have adapted to a variety of local ecological and management conditions, including UV exposure, diseases, and stall-feeding systems. These selective pressures have resulted in unique and important phenotypic and genetic differences among modern cattle breeds/populations. Ongoing efforts to sequence the genomes of local and commercial cattle breeds/populations, along with the growing availability of ancient bovid DNA data, have significantly advanced our understanding of the genomic architecture, recent evolution of complex traits, common diseases, and local adaptation in cattle. Here, we review the origin and spread of domestic cattle and illustrate the environmental adaptations of local cattle breeds/populations.

Published
2023

45. Global genetic diversity, introgression, and evolutionary adaptation of indicine cattle revealed by whole genome sequencing

Author

Sub Data Intensive Systems, One Health Toxicologie, IRAS – One Health Toxicology, Chen, Ningbo, Xia, Xiaoting, Hanif, Quratulain, Zhang, Fengwei, Dang, Ruihua, Huang, Bizhi, Lyu, Yang, Luo, Xiaoyu, Zhang, Hucai, Yan, Huixuan, Wang, Shikang, Wang, Fuwen, Chen, Jialei, Guan, Xiwen, Liu, Yangkai, Li, Shuang, Jin, Liangliang, Wang, Pengfei, Sun, Luyang, Zhang, Jicai, Liu, Jianyong, Qu, Kaixing, Cao, Yanhong, Sun, Junli, Liao, Yuying, Xiao, Zhengzhong, Cai, Ming, Mu, Lan, Siddiki, Amam Zonaed, Asif, Muhammad, Mansoor, Shahid, Babar, Masroor Ellahi, Hussain, Tanveer, Silva, Gamamada Liyanage Lalanie Pradeepa, Gorkhali, Neena Amatya, Terefe, Endashaw, Belay, Gurja, Tijjani, Abdulfatai, Zegeye, Tsadkan, Gebre, Mebrate Genet, Ma, Yun, Wang, Yu, Huang, Yongzhen, Lan, Xianyong, Chen, Hong, Migliore, Nicola Rambaldi, Colombo, Giulia, Semino, Ornella, Achilli, Alessandro, Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S, Lenstra, Johannes A, Cheng, Haijian, Lu, Wenfa, Hanotte, Olivier, Han, Jianlin, Jiang, Yu, Lei, Chuzhao, Sub Data Intensive Systems, One Health Toxicologie, IRAS – One Health Toxicology, Chen, Ningbo, Xia, Xiaoting, Hanif, Quratulain, Zhang, Fengwei, Dang, Ruihua, Huang, Bizhi, Lyu, Yang, Luo, Xiaoyu, Zhang, Hucai, Yan, Huixuan, Wang, Shikang, Wang, Fuwen, Chen, Jialei, Guan, Xiwen, Liu, Yangkai, Li, Shuang, Jin, Liangliang, Wang, Pengfei, Sun, Luyang, Zhang, Jicai, Liu, Jianyong, Qu, Kaixing, Cao, Yanhong, Sun, Junli, Liao, Yuying, Xiao, Zhengzhong, Cai, Ming, Mu, Lan, Siddiki, Amam Zonaed, Asif, Muhammad, Mansoor, Shahid, Babar, Masroor Ellahi, Hussain, Tanveer, Silva, Gamamada Liyanage Lalanie Pradeepa, Gorkhali, Neena Amatya, Terefe, Endashaw, Belay, Gurja, Tijjani, Abdulfatai, Zegeye, Tsadkan, Gebre, Mebrate Genet, Ma, Yun, Wang, Yu, Huang, Yongzhen, Lan, Xianyong, Chen, Hong, Migliore, Nicola Rambaldi, Colombo, Giulia, Semino, Ornella, Achilli, Alessandro, Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S, Lenstra, Johannes A, Cheng, Haijian, Lu, Wenfa, Hanotte, Olivier, Han, Jianlin, Jiang, Yu, and Lei, Chuzhao

Published
2023

46. Structural variation and introgression from wild populations in East Asian cattle genomes confer adaptation to local environment

Author

One Health Toxicologie, Sub Data Intensive Systems, IRAS – One Health Toxicology, Xia, Xiaoting, Zhang, Fengwei, Li, Shuang, Luo, Xiaoyu, Peng, Lixin, Dong, Zheng, Pausch, Hubert, Leonard, Alexander S, Crysnanto, Danang, Wang, Shikang, Tong, Bin, Lenstra, Johannes A, Han, Jianlin, Li, Fuyong, Xu, Tieshan, Gu, Lihong, Jin, Liangliang, Dang, Ruihua, Huang, Yongzhen, Lan, Xianyong, Ren, Gang, Wang, Yu, Gao, Yuanpeng, Ma, Zhijie, Cheng, Haijian, Ma, Yun, Chen, Hong, Pang, Weijun, Lei, Chuzhao, Chen, Ningbo, One Health Toxicologie, Sub Data Intensive Systems, IRAS – One Health Toxicology, Xia, Xiaoting, Zhang, Fengwei, Li, Shuang, Luo, Xiaoyu, Peng, Lixin, Dong, Zheng, Pausch, Hubert, Leonard, Alexander S, Crysnanto, Danang, Wang, Shikang, Tong, Bin, Lenstra, Johannes A, Han, Jianlin, Li, Fuyong, Xu, Tieshan, Gu, Lihong, Jin, Liangliang, Dang, Ruihua, Huang, Yongzhen, Lan, Xianyong, Ren, Gang, Wang, Yu, Gao, Yuanpeng, Ma, Zhijie, Cheng, Haijian, Ma, Yun, Chen, Hong, Pang, Weijun, Lei, Chuzhao, and Chen, Ningbo

Published
2023

47. Global dispersal and adaptive evolution of domestic cattle: a genomic perspective

Author

Afd Pharmaceutics, One Health Toxicologie, IRAS – One Health Toxicology, Xia, Xiaoting, Qu, Kaixing, Wang, Yan, Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S, Wang, Fuwen, Hanif, Quratulain, Ahmed, Zulfiqar, Lenstra, Johannes A, Han, Jianlin, Lei, Chuzhao, Chen, Ningbo, Afd Pharmaceutics, One Health Toxicologie, IRAS – One Health Toxicology, Xia, Xiaoting, Qu, Kaixing, Wang, Yan, Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S, Wang, Fuwen, Hanif, Quratulain, Ahmed, Zulfiqar, Lenstra, Johannes A, Han, Jianlin, Lei, Chuzhao, and Chen, Ningbo

Published
2023

48. Evidence for early domestic yak, taurine cattle, and their hybrids on the Tibetan Plateau

Author

Chen, Ningbo, Zhang, Zhengwei, Hou, Jiawen, Chen, Jialei, Gao, Xuan, Tang, Li, Wangdue, Shargan, Zhang, Xiaoming, Sinding, Mikkel Holger S., Liu, Xuexue, Han, Jianlin, Lü, Hongliang, Lei, Chuzhao, Marshall, Fiona, Liu, Xinyi, Chen, Ningbo, Zhang, Zhengwei, Hou, Jiawen, Chen, Jialei, Gao, Xuan, Tang, Li, Wangdue, Shargan, Zhang, Xiaoming, Sinding, Mikkel Holger S., Liu, Xuexue, Han, Jianlin, Lü, Hongliang, Lei, Chuzhao, Marshall, Fiona, and Liu, Xinyi

Abstract

Domestic yak, cattle, and their hybrids are fundamental to herder survival at high altitudes on the Tibetan Plateau. However, little is known about their history. Bos remains are uncommon in this region, and ancient domestic yak have not been securely identified. To identify Bos taxa and investigate their initial management, we conducted zooarchaeological analyses of 193 Bos specimens and sequenced five nuclear genomes from recently excavated assemblages at Bangga. Morphological data indicated that more cattle than yak were present. Ancient mitochondrial DNA and nuclear genome sequences identified taurine cattle and provided evidence for domestic yak and yak-cattle hybridization ~2500 years ago. Reliance on diverse Bos species and their hybrid has increased cattle adaptation and herder resilience to plateau conditions. Ancient cattle and yak at Bangga were closely related to contemporary livestock, indicating early herder legacies and the continuity of cattle and yak husbandry on the Tibetan Plateau., Domestic yak, cattle, and their hybrids are fundamental to herder survival at high altitudes on the Tibetan Plateau. However, little is known about their history. Bos remains are uncommon in this region, and ancient domestic yak have not been securely identified. To identify Bos taxa and investigate their initial management, we conducted zooarchaeological analyses of 193 Bos specimens and sequenced five nuclear genomes from recently excavated assemblages at Bangga. Morphological data indicated that more cattle than yak were present. Ancient mitochondrial DNA and nuclear genome sequences identified taurine cattle and provided evidence for domestic yak and yak-cattle hybridization ~2500 years ago. Reliance on diverse Bos species and their hybrid has increased cattle adaptation and herder resilience to plateau conditions. Ancient cattle and yak at Bangga were closely related to contemporary livestock, indicating early herder legacies and the continuity of cattle and yak husbandry on the Tibetan Plateau.

Published
2023

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