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Although conventional student assessments are extremely convenient for calculating student scores, they do not conceptualize how students organize their knowledge. Therefore, teachers and students rarely understand how to improve their future learning progress. The limitations of conventional testing methods indicate the importance of accurately assessing and representing student knowledge structures. The personalized diagnosis and remedial learning system (PDRLS) proposed in this study enhances the effectiveness of the Pathfinder network by providing remedial learning paths for individual learners based on their knowledge structure. The sample was 145 students enrolled in introductory JAVA programming language courses at a Central Taiwan technology university. The experimental results demonstrate that learners who received personalized remedial learning guidance via PDRLS achieved improved learning performance, self-efficacy, and PDRLS use intention. The experimental results also indicated that students with lower knowledge level gain more benefits from the PDRLS than those with higher level of knowledge and that field dependence (FD) students obtain a greater benefit from PDRLS than field independence (FI) students do. (Contains 5 tables and 7 figures.)

To consider how Web-based learning program is utilized by learners with different cognitive styles, this study presents a Web-based learning system (WBLS) and analyzes learners' browsing data recorded in the log file to identify how learners' cognitive styles and learning behavior are related. In order to develop an adapted WBLS, this study also proposes a design model for system designers to tailor the preferences linked with each cognitive style. The samples comprise 105 third-grade Accounting Information System course students from a technology university in central Taiwan. Analytical results demonstrate that learners with different cognitive styles have similar but linear learning approaches, and learners with different cognitive styles adopt different navigation tools to process learning. (Contains 5 tables and 4 figures.)

The horizontal strategy is recommended for the conglomerates by Porter to achieve competitive advantage. There is no established or standard way to execute a horizontal strategy. However, for the execution of a horizontal strategy in an organization, it requires advanced organizational capabilities. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to identify how to implement horizontal strategies in conglomerate firms. In particular, we investigated the extent to which organizational capabilities or competencies were related to the implementation of a horizontal strategy in conglomerate firms. Apart from this, we considered two organizational capabilities as a management control system and leadership styles. In this study, four novel hypotheses addressing primary constructs, that is, the interactive control system, collective, participatory, and transformative, have been explored. The data for this study were drawn from a sample survey of 122 firms in India. In addition, the data were analyzed by correlation, and then multiple regression analysis followed by the results of this analysis helps to identify the influence of leadership styles and interactive control system on horizontal strategy implementation. We argue through a theoretical and statistical analysis that demonstrates that collective, participative, and transformational leadership will contribute to the success of the horizontal strategy and lent good support to our hypotheses. This study helps the company to investigate the perceived role of organizational arrangements in the implementation of a horizontal strategy in conglomerate firms. This was done in an effort to provide guidelines for the effective use of organizational capabilities as drivers of horizontal strategy implementation. The study provides two key contributions in the field of strategic management: The first explicitly identified horizontal strategies are present in conglomerate firms; the other organizational capabilities that play a significant role in the implementation of horizontal strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]