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Aims/Background Epidemiological studies indicate that the involvement of the immune system in the pathogenesis of infections associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and interstitial lung disease (ILD) remains unclear. This study aims to assess the potential causal link between infections associated with COPD, asthma, or ILD and immune system function. Methods We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis using publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets. The causal relationship between immune cell signaling and susceptibility to infections related to COPD, asthma, and ILD was evaluated using inverse variance weighting (IVW), Mendelian randomization (MR)-Egger regression, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode approaches. To concurrently assess the causal impact of immune cell signaling on infection susceptibility associated with COPD, asthma, and ILD, a reverse Mendelian randomization analysis was also conducted. Results Genetic predisposition to elevated counts of circulating blood cells and their subpopulations demonstrated significant causal associations with a higher risk of COPD/asthma/ILD-related infections, as determined by IVW analysis. Specifically, genetically predicted increases in white blood cell count (odds ratio (OR) 1.08 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04–1.11], p < 0.00001), neutrophil count (OR: 1.06 [95% CI: 1.02–1.10], p = 0.00190), lymphocyte count (OR: 1.04 [95% CI: 1.01–1.07], p = 0.01515), monocyte count (OR: 1.03 [95% CI: 1.01–1.06], p = 0.00440), and eosinophil count (OR: 1.07 [95% CI: 1.04–1.10], p = 0.00001) were causally correlated with an increased risk of these respiratory infections. Notably, four immunophenotypes were significantly associated with the risk of COPD/asthma/ILD-related infections: Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) DR+ NK% NK (OR: 0.98 [95% CI: 0.97–0.99], p = 0.0004), CD66b on CD66b++ myeloid cell (OR: 0.98 [95% CI: 0.97–0.99], p = 0.0007), HLA DR on CD14+ monocyte (OR: 1.03 [95% CI: 1.01–1.04], p = 0.0002), and HLA DR on CD33– HLA DR+ (OR: 1.03 [95% CI: 1.02–1.05], p < 0.00001). The causal effect of COPD/asthma/ILD-related infections on Immunoglobulin D (IgD) expression in IgD+ CD38br and transitional B cells was estimated to be 0.64 (95% CI: 0.49–0.83, p = 0.00091) and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.54–0.91, p = 0.00727), respectively. Additionally, COPD/asthma/ILD-related infections demonstrated a significant causal effect on several B cell and T cell subpopulations: IgD+ CD38– % B cells, IgD+ CD38– AC, CD4+ CD8dim AC, IgD+ CD38– % lymphocyte, and TD CD4+ AC, with the OR 1.54 (95% CI: 1.19–2.00, p = 0.00113), 1.56 (95% CI: 1.16–2.10, p = 0.00340), 1.60 (95% CI: 1.15–2.22, p = 0.00478), 1.47 (95% CI: 1.12–1.92, p = 0.00483) and 1.63 (95% CI: 1.14–2.34, p = 0.00725), respectively. Conclusion Our study reveals a causal association between altered circulating blood cell counts and specific immunophenotypes with the susceptibility to respiratory infections related to COPD, asthma, and ILD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect of perfluorooctane sulfonate （PFOS） in mice. Methods The mouse models of oxidative liver injury were established by gavage of potassium perfluorooctane at a dose of 10 mg/kg for consecutive 18 d. After model establishment, 40 mice were divided into the model control group, high-dose, medium-dose and low-dose paeoniflorin groups （100 mg/（kg·d）, 50mg/（kg·d）, 10mg/（kg·d）） and positive control group （100 mg/（kg·d）, Yiganling tablet） by random number table method, and were given with intragastric administration for consecutive 3 weeks. The serum levels of alkaline phosphatase （ALP）, aspartate aminotransferase （AST） and alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, and the levels of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and malondialdehyde （MDA） in the liver tissues of mice were determined. The histological changes of liver were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results Paeoniflorin significantly increased the SOD level, whereas decreased the MDA level in the liver tissues （both P < 0.05）, thereby effectively alleviating the oxidative liver damage caused by PFOS. Paeoniflorin could significantly reduce the serum levels of ALT, AST and ALP （all P < 0.05）, and effectively mitigated the oxidative liver damage caused by PFOS. Pathologically, paeoniflorin could effectively alleviate liver tissue congestion, local liver tissue disorder, cell and tissue edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and local tissue necrosis induced by PFOS. PFOS could also inhibit the weight gain of mice. After paeoniflorin treatment, the inhibitory effect upon mouse weight was significantly alleviated （all P < 0.05）. Conclusions PFOS can provoke oxidative stress responses to the liver, and lead to oxidative liver injury to certain extent. Paeoniflorin exerts certain protective effect on the development of oxidative liver injury caused by PFOS.

Comprehensive Summary: The second example of tetravalent plutonium carboxyl‐based organic framework, 242Pu(OH)[PO[(C6H4)COO]3]·H2O, termed as PuTPO (TPO = tris(4‐carboxylphenyl)‐phosphineoxide), was reported in this work. A series of characterizations of PuTPO, such as X‐ray crystallography and solid‐state UV‐Vis‐NIR spectroscopy, were carried out to expatiate its structure and physicochemical properties. PuTPO is constructed by dimers of the plutonium‐oxygen subunit of [Pu2O16]. Characteristic peaks located at approximately 1100 nm can be considered to be the fingerprint peaks of tetravalent plutonium. While PuTPO can maintain high crystallinity within several months after synthesis, it exhibits a radiation‐induced swelling effect probed by the expansion of cell parameter of b axis after self‐irradiation from α‐decay of 242Pu. This result enriches the inventory of tetravalent plutonium compounds and provides an insight into the irradiation resistance of metal‐organic frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel 3D potassium-containing zirconium fluorophosphonate K2Zr[CH2(PO3)2]F2 (SZ-8) was successfully synthesized as single crystals via a solvothermal method using a mixture of nitric acid and potassium nitrate as mineralizers. SZ-8 can adsorb 110.6 and 57 mg g−1 of Eu3+ in pH 2 and pH 1 solutions respectively, highlighting its potential remediation for radionuclides with high charges. SZ-8 not only possesses superior Eu3+ removal capacity under strongly acidic conditions, but also provides a universal synthesis strategy for crystalline zirconium phosphonates with inorganic counterions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]