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104,076 results on '"Chen, L"'

1. Design of Multi-Vendor Bay Solutions and their Interoperability Performance Assessments in a Fully Digital Substation

Author: Chen, L, Li, H, Charton, T, Zhang, R, Peng, B, Newman, P, Geach, D, Popescu-Cirstucescu, C, and Dormer, C
Published: 2024

2. Clocks are $e$-positive

Author: Chen, L., He, Y. T., and Wang, David G. L.
Subjects: Mathematics - Combinatorics, 05E05
Abstract: Along with his confirmation of the $e$-positivity of all cycle-chord graphs $\theta_{ab1}$, the third author conjectured the $e$-positivity of all theta graphs $\theta_{abc}$. In this paper, we establish the $e$-positivity of all clock graphs $\theta_{ab2}$ by using the composition method. The key idea is to investigate the fibers of certain partial reversal transformation on compositions with all parts at least $2$., Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2024

3. Thermodynamic Theory of Disordered 2D Superconductors

Author: Yang, F. and Chen, L. Q.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract: Understanding the roles of disorder and superconducting phase fluctuation in superconductivity has been a long-standing challenge. For example, while the phase fluctuation is expected to destroy the superconductivity of intrinsically disordered two-dimensional (2D) superconductors at any finite temperatures, there have been ample experimental evidences showing robust long-range superconducting order in ultra-thin films and atomic sheets. The observed unique superconducting-insulating transition in 2D samples with sufficiently large amount of disorder also goes beyond the conventional theoretical paradigm. Here we develop a self-consistent thermodynamic theory of the superconducting gap and phase fluctuation in disordered 2D superconductors, starting from a purely microscopic model. It incorporates both quantum and thermal phase fluctuations in the presence of the long-range Coulomb interactions. Our numerical simulation based on the developed theory successfully proves a long-range superconducting order in 2D limit even when temperature is increased away from zero, while the gradually emerging large thermal phase fluctuations with further increasing temperature destroy the superconducting gap. On the other hand, the inhomogeneous quantum phase fluctuations with increasing disorder result in a mixed state of superconducting and normal-state islands, thereby reducing $T_c$. But a robust superconductivity can survive at low temperature even at high disorder, giving rise to the prerequisite of the superconducting-insulating transition. More importantly, our theory shows that the phase fluctuation can be suppressed by increasing carrier density, leading to a carrier density-dependent $T_c$. These findings explain many of the recently observed experimental features of the superconductors in 2D limit and can potentially shed light on the understanding of high-$T_c$ superconductors.
Published: 2024

4. Proof of the geometric Langlands conjecture IV: ambidexterity

Author: Arinkin, D., Beraldo, D., Chen, L., Faergeman, J., Gaitsgory, D., Lin, K., Raskin, S., and Rozenblyum, N.
Subjects: Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry
Abstract: This paper performs the following steps toward the proof of GLC in the de Rham setting: (i) We deduce GLC for G=GL_n; (ii) We prove that the Langlands functor L_G constructed in [GLC1], when restricted to the cuspidal category, is ambidextrous; (iii) We reduce GLC to the study of a certain classical vector bundle with connection on the stack of irreducible local systems; (iv) We prove that GLC is equivalent to the contractibility of the space of generic oper structures on irreducible local systems; (v) Using [BKS], we deduce GLC for classical groups.
Published: 2024

5. Experimental Verification of Demon-Involved Fluctuation Theorems

Author: Yan, L. -L., Bu, J. -T., Zeng, Q., Zhang, K., Cui, K. -F., Zhou, F., Su, S. -L., Chen, L., Wang, J., Chen, Gang, and Feng, M.
Subjects: Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics
Abstract: The limit of energy saving in the control of small systems has recently attracted much interest due to the concept refinement of the Maxwell demon. Inspired by a newly proposed set of fluctuation theorems, we report the first experimental verification of these equalities and inequalities in a ultracold 40Ca ion system, confirming the intrinsic nonequilibrium in the system due to involvement of the demon. Based on elaborately designed demon-involved control protocols, such as the Szilard engine protocol, we provide experimentally quantitative evidence of the dissipative information, and observe tighter bounds of both the extracted work and the demon's efficacy than the limits predicted by the Sagawa-Ueda theorem. Our results substantiate a close connection between the physical nature of information and nonequilibrium processes at the microscale, which help further understanding the thermodynamic characteristics of information and the optimal design of nanoscale and smaller systems.
Published: 2024
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6. Quantum Vicsek Model for Active Matter

Author: Yuan, Hong, Cui, L. X., Chen, L. T., and Sun, C. P.
Subjects: Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics
Abstract: We propose a quantum analog of the Vicsek model, consisting of an ensemble of overdamped spin$-1/2$ particles with ferromagnetic couplings, driven by a uniformly polarized magnetic field. The spontaneous magnetization of the spin components breaks the $SO(3)$ (or $SO(2)$) symmetry, inducing an ordered phase of flocking. We derive the hydrodynamic equations, similar to those formulated by Toner and Tu, by applying a mean-field approximation to the quantum analog model up to the next leading order. Our investigation not only establishes a microscopic connection between the Vicsek model and the Toner-Tu hydrodynamics for active matter, but also aims to inspire further studies of active matter in the quantum regime.
Published: 2024

7. Outstanding questions and future research of magnetic reconnection

Author: Nakamura, R., Burch, J. L., Birn, J., Chen, L. -J., Graham, D. B., Guo, F., Hwang, K. -J., Ji, H., Khotyaintsev, Y., Liu, Y. -H., Oka, M., Payne, D., Sitnov, M. I., Swisdak, M., Zenitani, S., Drake, J. F., Fuselier, S. A., Genestreti, K. J., Gershman, D. J., Hasegawa, H., Hoshino, M., Norgren, C., Shay, M. A., Shuster, J. R., and Stawarz, J. E.
Subjects: Physics - Plasma Physics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics - Space Physics
Abstract: This short article highlights the unsolved problems of magnetic reconnection in collisionless plasma. The advanced in-situ plasma measurements and simulations enabled scientists to gain a novel understanding of magnetic reconnection. Still, outstanding questions remain on the complex dynamics and structures in the diffusion region, on the cross-scale and regional couplings, on the onset of magnetic reconnection, and on the details of energetics. Future directions of the magnetic reconnection research in terms of new observations, new simulations and interdisciplinary approaches are discussed., Comment: Submitted to Space Science Reviews. This is a review paper and is an outcome of the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) Workshop on Magnetic Reconnection: Explosive Energy Conversion in Space Plasmas held at June 27 - July 1, 2022
Published: 2024

8. Proof of the geometric Langlands conjecture II: Kac-Moody localization and the FLE

Author: Arinkin, D., Beraldo, D., Campbell, J., Chen, L., Faergeman, J., Gaitsgory, D., Lin, K., Raskin, S., and Rozenblyum, N.
Subjects: Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry
Abstract: This paper is the second in a series of five that together prove the geometric Langlands conjecture. Our goals are two-fold: (1) Formulate and prove the Fundamental Local Equivalence (FLE) at the critical level; (2) Study the interaction between Kac-Moody localization and the global geometric Langlands functor of ref. [GLC1]. This paper contains an extensive Appendix, whose primary goals are: (a) Development the theory of ind-coherent sheaves in infinite type; (b)Development of the formalism of factorization categories.
Published: 2024

9. Magnetically Driven Relativistic Jet in the High-Redshift Blazar OH~471

Author: Guo, S., An, T., Liu, Y., Sotnikova, Y., Volvach, A., Mufakharov, T., Chen, L., Cui, L., Wang, A., Xu, Z., Zhang, Y., Xu, W., Kovalev, Y. A., Kovalev, Y. Y., Kharinov, M., Erkenov, A., Semenova, T., and Volvach, L.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Context : Understanding the mechanisms that launch and shape powerful relativistic jets from supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in high-redshift active galactic nuclei (AGN) is crucial for probing the co-evolution of SMBHs and galaxies over cosmic time. Aims :We study the high-redshift ($z=3.396$) blazar OH~471 to explore the jet launching mechanism in the early Universe. Methods : Using multi-frequency radio monitoring observations and high-resolution Very Long Baseline Interferometry imaging over three decades, we study the milliarcsecond structure and long-term variability of OH~471. Results : Spectral modelling of the radio flux densities reveals a synchrotron self-absorbed spectrum indicating strong magnetic fields within the compact core. By applying the flux freezing approximation, we estimate the magnetic flux carried by the jet and find that it reaches or exceeds theoretical predictions for jets powered by black hole spin energy via the Blandford-Znajek mechanism. This implies that OH~471 was in a magnetically arrested disk (MAD) state where the magnetic flux accumulated near the horizon regulates the accretion flow, allowing efficient extraction of black hole rotational energy. Conclusions : Our study demonstrates the dominance of MAD accretion in powering the prominent radio flares and relativistic jets observed in the radio-loud AGN OH~471 and statistical studies of large samples of high-redshift AGN will shed light on the role of MAD accretion in launching and accelerating the earliest relativistic jets., Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables
Published: 2024
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10. Emergent Topological Semimetal

Author: Kirschbaum, D. M., Chen, L., Zocco, D. A., Hu, H., Mazza, F., Jiménez, J. Larrea, Strydom, A. M., Adroja, D., Yan, X., Prokofiev, A., Si, Q., and Paschen, S.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract: A material's electronic topology, which is generally described via its Bloch states and the associated bandstructure, will be enriched by the presence of interactions. In metallic settings, the interactions are usually treated through the concept of quasiparticles. Using the genuinely quantum critical heavy fermion compound CeRu$_4$Sn$_6$, we investigate what happens if no well-defined quasiparticles are present. Surprisingly, we discover a topological semimetal phase that emerges from the material's quantum critical state and exhibits a dome structure as a function of magnetic field and pressure. To understand these results, we study a Weyl-Kondo semimetal model at a Kondo destruction quantum critical point. Indeed, it exhibits features in the spectral function that can define topological crossings beyond the quasiparticle picture. We expect our work to stimulate the search for other emergent topological phases., Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2024

11. Single-Atom Verification of the Optimal Trade-Off between Speed and Cost in Shortcuts to Adiabaticity

Author: Zhang, J. -W., Bu, J. -T., Li, J. C., Meng, Weiquan, Ding, W. -Q., Wang, B., Yuan, W. -F., Du, H. -J., Ding, G. -Y., Chen, W. -J., Chen, L., Zhou, F., Xu, Zhenyu, and Feng, M.
Subjects: Quantum Physics
Abstract: The approach of shortcuts to adiabaticity enables the effective execution of adiabatic dynamics in quantum information processing with enhanced speed. Owing to the inherent trade-off between dynamical speed and the cost associated with the transitionless driving field, executing arbitrarily fast operations becomes impractical. To understand the accurate interplay between speed and energetic cost in this process, we propose theoretically and verify experimentally a new trade-off, which is characterized by a tightly optimized bound within $s$-parameterized phase spaces. Our experiment is carried out in a single ultracold $^{40}$Ca$^{+}$ ion trapped in a harmonic potential. By exactly operating the quantum states of the ion, we execute the Landau-Zener model as an example, where the quantum speed limit as well as the cost are governed by the spectral gap. We witness that our proposed trade-off is indeed tight in scenarios involving both initially eigenstates and initially thermal equilibrium states. Our work helps understanding the fundamental constraints in shortcuts to adiabaticity and illuminates the potential of under-utilized phase spaces that have been traditionally overlooked., Comment: 6+5 pages, 3+3 figures
Published: 2024
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12. Energy-conversion device using a quantum engine with the work medium of two-atom entanglement

Author: Zhang, J. -W., Wang, B., Yuan, W. -F., Li, J. -C., Bu, J. -T., Ding, G. -Y., Ding, W. -Q., Chen, L., Zhou, F., and Feng, M.
Subjects: Quantum Physics
Abstract: Although entanglement is considered as an essential resource for quantum information processing, whether entanglement helps for energy conversion or output in the quantum regime is still lack of experimental witness. Here we report on an energy-conversion device operating as a quantum engine with the working medium acted by two entangled ions confined in a harmonic potential. The two ions are entangled by virtually coupling to one of the vibrational modes shared by the two ions, and the quantum engine couples to a quantum load, which is another shared vibrational mode. We explore the energy conversion efficiency of the quantum engine and investigate the useful energy (i.e., the maximum extractable work) stored in the quantum load by tuning the two ions in different degrees of entanglement as well as detecting the change of the phonons in the load. Our observation provides, for the first time, quantitative evidence that entanglement fuels the useful energy produced by the quantum engine, but not helpful for the energy conversion efficiency. We consider that our results may be useful to the study of quantum batteries for which one of the most indexes is the maximum extractable energy., Comment: To appear in Physical Review Letters
Published: 2024

13. Emulating generator coordinate method with extended eigenvector continuation: Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model

Author: Luo, Q. Y., Zhang, X., Chen, L. H., and Yao, J. M.
Subjects: Nuclear Theory, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract: We present a benchmark study of generator coordinate method (GCM) combined with eigenvector continuation (EC) in two different schemes for the low-lying states of Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick (LMG) model, where the interaction strength is treated as a controlling parameter, simulating quantum many-body systems with the phase transition from non-collective to collective states. We demonstrate that the EC$_{\rm kmax}$ scheme accurately reproduces the low-lying states of the LMG model. In this scheme, the EC basis consists of the wave functions of low-lying states up to the $k_{\rm max}$-th state of sampling Hamiltonians. Compared to EC$_1$, which only includes the wave functions of the $k$-th state of sampling Hamiltonians for the $k$-th state of a target Hamiltonian, the EC$_{\rm kmax}$ scheme exhibits significantly improved efficiency and accuracy. This study suggests the potential utilization of the extended EC scheme as an efficient emulator for GCM calculations., Comment: 9 pages with 12 figures
Published: 2024
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14. Technical Design Report of the Spin Physics Detector at NICA

Author: The SPD Collaboration, Abazov, V., Abramov, V., Afanasyev, L., Akhunzyanov, R., Akindinov, A., Alekseev, I., Aleshko, A., Alexakhin, V., Alexeev, G., Alimov, L., Allakhverdieva, A., Amoroso, A., Andreev, V., Andronov, E., Anikin, Yu., Anischenko, S., Anisenkov, A., Anosov, V., Antokhin, E., Antonov, A., Antsupov, S., Anufriev, A., Asadova, K., Ashraf, S., Astakhov, V., Aynikeev, A., Azarkin, M., Azorskiy, N., Bagulya, A., Baigarashev, D., Baldin, A., Baldina, E., Barbashina, N., Barnyakov, A., Barsov, S., Bartkevich, A., Baryshevsky, V., Basharina, K., Baskakov, A., Baskov, V., Batista, M., Baturitsky, M., Bautin, V., Bedareva, T., Belokurova, S., Belova, A., Belyaeva, E., Berdnikov, A., Berdnikov, Ya., Berezhnoy, A., Berngardt, A., Bespalov, Yu., Bleko, V., Bliznyuk, L., Bogoslovskii, D., Boiko, A., Boikov, A., Bolsunovskya, M., Boos, E., Borisov, V., Borsch, V., Budkouski, D., Bulanova, S., Bulekov, O., Bunichev, V., Burtebayev, N., Bychanok, D., Casanova, A., Cesar, G., Chemezov, D., Chepurnov, A., Chen, L., Chmill, V., Chukanov, A., Chuzo, A., Danilyuk, A., Datta, A., Dedovich, D., Demichev, M., Deng, G., Denisenko, I., Denisov, O., Derbysheva, T., Derkach, D., Didorenko, A., Dima, M. -O., Doinikov, A., Doronin, S., Dronik, V., Dubinin, F., Dunin, V., Durum, A., Egorov, A., El-Kholy, R., Enik, T., Ermak, D., Erofeev, D., Erokhin, A., Ezhov, D., Fedin, O., Fedotova, Ju., Feofilov, G., Filatov, Yu., Filimonov, S., Frolov, V., Galaktionov, K., Galoyan, A., Garkun, A., Gavrishchuk, O., Gerasimov, S., Gerassimov, S., Gilts, M., Gladilin, L., Golovanov, G., Golovnya, S., Golovtsov, V., Golubev, A., Golubykh, S., Goncharov, P., Gongadze, A., Greben, N., Gregoryev, A., Gribkov, D., Gridin, A., Gritsay, K., Gubachev, D., Guo, J., Gurchin, Yu., Gurinovich, A., Gurov, Yu., Guskov, A., Gutierrez, D., Guzman, F., Hakobyan, A., Han, D., Harkusha, S., Hu, Sh., Igolkin, S., Isupov, A., Ivanov, A., Ivanov, N., Ivantchenko, V., Jin, Sh., Kakurin, S., Kalinichenko, N., Kambar, Y., Kantsyrev, A., Kapitonov, I., Karjavine, V., Karpishkov, A., Katcin, A., Kekelidze, G., Kereibay, D., Khabarov, S., Kharyuzov, P., Khodzhibagiyan, H., Kidanov, E., Kidanova, E., Kim, V., Kiryanov, A., Kishchin, I., Kokoulina, E., Kolbasin, A., Komarov, V., Konak, A., Kopylov, Yu., Korjik, M., Korotkov, M., Korovkin, D., Korzenev, A., Kostenko, B., Kotova, A., Kotzinian, A., Kovalenko, V., Kovyazina, N., Kozhin, M., Kraeva, A., Kramarenko, V., Kremnev, A., Kruchonak, U., Kubankin, A., Kuchinskaia, O., Kulchitsky, Yu., Kuleshov, S., Kulikov, A., Kulikov, V., Kurbatov, V., Kurmanaliev, Zh., Kurochkin, Yu., Kutuzov, S., Kuznetsova, E., Kuyanov, I., Ladygin, E., Ladygin, V., Larionova, D., Lebedev, V., Levchuk, M., Li, P., Li, X., Li, Y., Livanov, A., Lednicki, R., Lobanov, A., Lobko, A., Loshmanova, K., Lukashevich, S., Luschevskaya, E., Lyashko, A. L'vov I., Lysan, V., Lyubovitskij, V., Madigozhin, D., Makarenko, V., Makarov, N., Makhmanazarov, R., Maleev, V., Maletic, D., Malinin, A., Maltsev, A., Maltsev, N., Malkhasyan, A., Malyshev, M., Mamoutova, O., Manakonov, A., Marova, A., Merkin, M., Meshkov, I., Metchinsky, V., Minko, O., Mitrankov, Yu., Mitrankova, M., Mkrtchyan, A., Mkrtchyan, H., Mohamed, R., Morozova, S., Morozikhin, A., Mosolova, E., Mossolov, V., Movchan, S., Mukhamejanov, Y., Mukhamejanova, A., Muzyaev, E., Myktybekov, D., Nagorniy, S., Nassurlla, M., Nechaeva, P., Negodaev, M., Nesterov, V., Nevmerzhitsky, M., Nigmatkulov, G., Nikiforov, D., Nikitin, V., Nikolaev, A., Oleynik, D., Onuchin, V., Orlov, I., Orlova, A., Ososkov, G., Panzieri, D., Parsamyan, B., Pavzderin, P., Pavlov, V., Pedraza, M., Perelygin, V., Peshkov, D., Petrosyan, A., Petrov, M., Petrov, V., Petrukhin, K., Piskun, A., Pivovarov, S., Polishchuk, I., Polozov, P., Polyanskii, V., Ponomarev, A., Popov, V., Popovich, S., Prokhorova, D., Prokofiev, N., Prokoshin, F., Puchkov, A., Pudin, I., Pyata, E., Ratnikov, F., Rasin, V., Red'kov, V., Reshetin, A., Reznikov, S., Rogacheva, N., Romakhov, S., Rouba, A., Rudnev, V., Rusinov, V., Rusov, D., Ryltsov, V., Saduyev, N., Safonov, A., Sakhiyev, S., Salamatin, K., Saleev, V., Samartsev, A., Samigullin, E., Samoylov, O., Saprunov, E., Savenkov, A., Seleznev, A., Semak, A., Senkov, D., Sergeev, A., Seryogin, L., Seryubin, S., Shabanov, A., Shahinyan, A., Shavrin, A., Shein, I., Sheremeteva, A., Shevchenko, V., Shilyaev, K., Shimansky, S., Shinbulatov, S., Shipilov, F., Shipilova, A., Shkarovskiy, S., Shoukovy, D., Shpakov, K., Shreyber, I., Shtejer, K., Shulyakovsky, R., Shunko, A., Sinelshchikova, S., Skachkova, A., Skalnenkov, A., Smirnov, A., Smirnov, S., Snesarev, A., Solin, A., Solin jr., A., Soldatov, E., Solovtsov, V., Song, J., Sosnov, D., Stavinskiy, A., Stekacheva, D., Streletskaya, E., Strikhanov, M., Suarez, O., Sukhikh, A., Sukhovarov, S., Sulin, V., Sultanov, R., Sun, P., Svirida, D., Syresin, E., Tadevosyan, V., Tarasov, O., Tarkovsky, E., Tchekhovsky, V., Tcherniaev, E., Terekhin, A., Terkulov, A., Tereshchenko, V., Teryaev, O., Teterin, P., Tishevsky, A., Tokmenin, V., Topilin, N., Tsiareshka, P., Tumasyan, A., Tyumenkov, G., Usenko, E., Uvarov, L., Uzhinsky, V., Uzikov, Yu., Valiev, F., Vasilieva, E., Vasyukov, A., Vechernin, V., Verkheev, A., Vertogradov, L., Vertogradova, Yu., Vidal, R., Voitishin, N., Volkov, I., Volkov, P., Vorobyov, A., Voskanyan, H., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Xu, T., Yanovich, A., Yeletskikh, I., Yerezhep, N., Yurchenko, S., Zakharov, A., Zamiatin, N., Zamora-Saá, J., Zarochentsev, A., Zelenov, A., Zemlyanichkina, E., Zhabitsky, M., Zhang, J., Zhang, Zh., Zhemchugov, A., Zherebchevsky, V., Zhevlakov, A., Zhigareva, N., Zhou, J., Zhuang, X., Zhukov, I., Zhuravlev, N., Zinin, A., Zmeev, S., Zolotykh, D., Zubarev, E., and Zvyagina, A.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The Spin Physics Detector collaboration proposes to install a universal detector in the second interaction point of the NICA collider under construction (JINR, Dubna) to study the spin structure of the proton and deuteron and other spin-related phenomena using a unique possibility to operate with polarized proton and deuteron beams at a collision energy up to 27 GeV and a luminosity up to $10^{32}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. As the main goal, the experiment aims to provide access to the gluon TMD PDFs in the proton and deuteron, as well as the gluon transversity distribution and tensor PDFs in the deuteron, via the measurement of specific single and double spin asymmetries using different complementary probes such as charmonia, open charm, and prompt photon production processes. Other polarized and unpolarized physics is possible, especially at the first stage of NICA operation with reduced luminosity and collision energy of the proton and ion beams. This document is dedicated exclusively to technical issues of the SPD setup construction.
Published: 2024

15. Cabello's nonlocality argument for multisetting high-dimensional systems and its experimental test

Author: Yang, M., Zhang, D., and Chen, L.
Subjects: Quantum Physics
Abstract: Recent advancements have expanded Hardy's nonlocality arguments into multisetting and multidimensional systems to enhance quantum correlations. In comparison with Hardy's nonlocal argument, Cabello's nonlocal argument (CNA) emerges as a superior choice for illustrating nonlocal features. An open question persists regarding the potential extension of CNA to arbitrary (k, d) scenarios. Here, we answer this question both in theory and experiment. Theoretically, by utilizing compatibility graphs, we construct a new logical framework for multisetting and multidimensional CNA, demonstrating an increase in the maximum successful probability with setting k and dimension d. Experimentally, by employing controllable photonic orbital angular momentum entanglement, we exhibit nonlocality with an experimentally recorded probability of 20.29% in the (2, 4) scenario and 28.72% in the (6, 2) scenario. Our work showcases a sharper contradiction between quantum mechanics and classical theory, surpassing the bound limited by the original version.
Published: 2024

16. Spin current control of magnetism

Author: Chen, L., Sun, Y., Mankovsky, S., Meier, T. N. G., Kronseder, M., Ebert, H., Weiss, D., and Back, C. H.
Subjects: Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract: Exploring novel strategies to manipulate the order parameter of magnetic materials by electrical means is of great importance, not only for advancing our understanding of fundamental magnetism, but also for unlocking potential practical applications. A well-established concept to date uses gate voltages to control magnetic properties, such as saturation magnetization, magnetic anisotropies, coercive field, Curie temperature and Gilbert damping, by modulating the charge carrier population within a capacitor structure. Note that the induced carriers are non-spin-polarized, so the control via the electric-field is independent of the direction of the magnetization. Here, we show that the magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) of ultrathin Fe films can be reversibly modified by a spin current generated in Pt by the spin Hall effect. The effect decreases with increasing Fe thickness, indicating that the origin of the modification can be traced back to the interface. Uniquely, the change in MCA due to the spin current depends not only on the polarity of the charge current but also on the direction of magnetization, i.e. the change in MCA has opposite sign when the direction of magnetization is reversed. The control of magnetism by the spin current results from the modified exchange splitting of majority- and minority-spin bands, and differs significantly from the manipulation by gate voltages via a capacitor structure, providing a functionality that was previously unavailable and could be useful in advanced spintronic devices.
Published: 2024

17. Structural and Comprehensive Performance of CoCrFeMnNi High-Entropy Alloys via Fast Hot-Pressed Sintering: Effect of Sintering Temperature

Author: Chen, L., Zhao, S. C., Liu, W., Liu, C. L., Jiang, X., and Leng, Y. X.
Published: 2024
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18. Signatures of magnetism control by flow of angular momentum

Author: Chen, L., Sun, Y., Mankovsky, S., Meier, T. N. G., Kronseder, M., Sun, C., Orekhov, A., Ebert, H., Weiss, D., and Back, C. H.
Published: 2024
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19. Study on Measurement of CxHy Outgassing Rate Based on the Correction for Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer Mass Discrimination

Author: Wang, X., Cheng, Y., Dong, M., Zhao, L., Chen, L., Feng, T., and Guo, W.
Published: 2024
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20. Abundant sub-micron grains revealed in newly discovered extreme debris discs

Author: Moór, A., Ábrahám, P., Su, K. Y. L., Henning, T., Marino, S., Chen, L., Kóspál, Á., Pawellek, N., Varga, J., and Vida, K.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: Extreme debris discs (EDDs) are bright and warm circumstellar dusty structures around main sequence stars. They may represent the outcome of giant collisions occuring in the terrestrial region between large planetesimals or planetary bodies, and thus provide a rare opportunity to peer into the aftermaths of these events. Here, we report on results of a mini-survey we conducted with the aim to increase the number of known EDDs, investigate the presence of solid-state features around 10{\mu}m in eight EDDs, and classify them into the silica or silicate dominated groups. We identify four new EDDs and derive their fundamental properties. For these, and for four other previously known discs, we study the spectral energy distribution around 10{\mu}m by means of VLT/VISIR photometry in three narrow-band filters and conclude that all eight objects likely exhibit solid-state emission features from sub-micron grains. We find that four discs probably belong to the silicate dominated subgroup. Considering the age distribution of the entire EDD sample, we find that their incidence begins to decrease only after 300 Myr, suggesting that the earlier common picture that these objects are related to the formation of rocky planets may not be exclusive, and that other processes may be involved for older objects (>100 Myr). Because most of the older EDD systems have wide, eccentric companions, we suggest that binarity may play a role in triggering late giant collisions., Comment: 20 pages, 9 figures, published in MNRAS
Published: 2024
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21. Hidden domain boundary dynamics towards crystalline perfection

Author: Mangu, A., Stoica, V. A., Zheng, H., Yang, T., Zhang, M., Wang, H., Nguyen, Q. L., Song, S., Das, S., Meisenheimer, P., Donoway, E., Chollet, M., Sun, Y., Turner, J. J., Freeland, J. W., Wen, H., Martin, L. W., Chen, L. -Q., Gopalan, V., Zhu, D., Cao, Y., and Lindenberg, A. M.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract: A central paradigm of non-equilibrium physics concerns the dynamics of heterogeneity and disorder, impacting processes ranging from the behavior of glasses to the emergent functionality of active matter. Understanding these complex mesoscopic systems requires probing the microscopic trajectories associated with irreversible processes, the role of fluctuations and entropy growth, and the timescales on which non-equilibrium responses are ultimately maintained. Approaches that illuminate these processes in model systems may enable a more general understanding of other heterogeneous non-equilibrium phenomena, and potentially define ultimate speed and energy cost limits for information processing technologies. Here, we apply ultrafast single shot x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy to resolve the non-equilibrium, heterogeneous, and irreversible mesoscale dynamics during a light-induced phase transition. This approach defines a new way of capturing the nucleation of the induced phase, the formation of transient mesoscale defects at the boundaries of the nuclei, and the eventual annihilation of these defects, even in systems with complex polarization topologies. A non-equilibrium response spanning >10 orders of magnitude in timescales is observed, with multistep behavior similar to the plateaus observed in supercooled liquids and glasses. We show how the observed time-dependent long-time correlations can be understood in terms of the stochastic dynamics of domain walls, encoded in effective waiting-time distributions with power-law tails. This work defines new possibilities for probing the non-equilibrium and correlated dynamics of disordered and heterogeneous media.
Published: 2024

22. Mid-infrared evidence for iron-rich dust in the multi-ringed inner disk of HD 144432

Author: Varga, J., Waters, L. B. F. M., Hogerheijde, M., van Boekel, R., Matter, A., Lopez, B., Perraut, K., Chen, L., Nadella, D., Wolf, S., Dominik, C., Kóspál, Á., Ábrahám, P., Augereau, J. -C., Boley, P., Bourdarot, G., Garatti, A. Caratti o, de Miera, F. Cruz-Sáenz, Danchi, W. C., Rosas, V. Gámez, Henning, Th., Hofmann, K. -H., Houllé, M., Isbell, J. W., Jaffe, W., Juhász, T., Kecskeméthy, V., Kobus, J., Kokoulina, E., Labadie, L., Lykou, F., Millour, F., Moór, A., Morujão, N., Pantin, E., Schertl, D., Scheuck, M., van Haastere, L., Weigelt, G., Woillez, J., Woitke, P., MATISSE, and Collaborations, GRAVITY
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: Context. Rocky planets form by the concentration of solid particles in the inner few au regions of planet-forming disks. Their chemical composition reflects the materials in the disk available in the solid phase at the time the planets were forming. Aims. We aim to constrain the structure and dust composition of the inner disk of the young star HD 144432, using an extensive set of infrared interferometric data taken by the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI), combining PIONIER, GRAVITY, and MATISSE observations. Methods. We introduced a new physical disk model, TGMdust, to image the interferometric data, and to fit the disk structure and dust composition. We also performed equilibrium condensation calculations with GGchem. Results. Our best-fit model has three disk zones with ring-like structures at 0.15, 1.3, and 4.1 au. Assuming that the dark regions in the disk at ~0.9 au and at ~3 au are gaps opened by planets, we estimate the masses of the putative gap-opening planets to be around a Jupiter mass. We find evidence for an optically thin emission ($\tau<0.4$) from the inner two disk zones ($r<4$ au) at $\lambda>3\ \mu$m. Our silicate compositional fits confirm radial mineralogy gradients. To identify the dust component responsible for the infrared continuum emission, we explore two cases for the dust composition, one with a silicate+iron mixture and the other with a silicate+carbon one. We find that the iron-rich model provides a better fit to the spectral energy distribution. Conclusions. We propose that in the warm inner regions ($r<5$ au) of typical planet-forming disks, most if not all carbon is in the gas phase, while iron and iron sulfide grains are major constituents of the solid mixture along with forsterite and enstatite. Our analysis demonstrates the need for detailed studies of the dust in inner disks with new mid-infrared instruments such as MATISSE and JWST/MIRI., Comment: 29 pages, 24 figures
Published: 2024
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23. CPL-01, an investigational long-acting ropivacaine, demonstrates safety and efficacy in open inguinal hernia repair

Author: Xu, H. T., Zimmerman, J., Bertoch, T., Chen, L., Chen, P. J., and Onel, E.
Published: 2024
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24. SMURF1-Interference Effects Autophagy and Pulmonary Fibrosis through SMAD7 and the TGF-β1/SMAD Pathway

Author: Lin, L., Xue, D., Chen, L.-M., Wei, Q.-Y., Chen, J.-H., Li, Y., Ye, X.-L., and Huang, Z.-H.
Published: 2024
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25. Jordan derivable mappings on B(H)

Author: Chen, L., Guo, F., and Qin, Z.-J.
Published: 2024
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26. Correlation study between bone metabolic markers, bone mineral density, and sarcopenia

Author: Xie, W. Q., He, M., Yu, D. J., Li, H. Z., Jin, H. F., Ji, B. Z., Yang, G., Chen, L. L., Rahmati, M., and Li, Y. S.
Published: 2024
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27. On an Equivalence of Divisors on M¯0,n from Gromov-Witten Theory and Conformal Blocks

Author: Chen, L., Gibney, A., Heller, L., Kalashnikov, E., Larson, H., and Xu, W.
Published: 2024
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28. Spontaneous supercrystal formation during a strain-engineered metal-insulator transition

Author: Gorobtsov, O. Yu., Miao, L., Shao, Z., Tan, Y., Schnitzer, N. I., Goodge, B. H., Ruf, J., Weinstock, D., Cherukara, M., Holt, M. V., Nair, H., Chen, L. -Q., Kourkoutis, L. F., Schlom, D. G., Shen, K. M., and Singer, A.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract: Mott metal-insulator transitions possess electronic, magnetic, and structural degrees of freedom promising next generation energy-efficient electronics. We report a previously unknown, hierarchically ordered state during a Mott transition and demonstrate correlated switching of functional electronic properties. We elucidate in-situ formation of an intrinsic supercrystal in a Ca2RuO4 thin film. Machine learning-assisted X-ray nanodiffraction together with electron microscopy reveal multi-scale periodic domain formation at and below the film transition temperature (TFilm ~ 200-250 K) and a separate anisotropic spatial structure at and above TFilm. Local resistivity measurements imply an intrinsic coupling of the supercrystal orientation to the material's anisotropic conductivity. Our findings add an additional degree of complexity to the physical understanding of Mott transitions, opening opportunities for designing materials with tunable electronic properties.
Published: 2023

29. Unveiling plasma energization and energy transport in the Earth Magnetospheric System: the need for future coordinated multiscale observations

Author: Retino, A., Kepko, L., Kucharek, H., Marcucci, M. F., Nakamura, R., Amano, T., Angelopoulos, V., Bale, S. D., Caprioli, D., Cassak, P., Chasapis, A., Chen, L. -J., Dai, L., Dunlop, M. W., Forsyth, C., Fu, H., Galvin, A., Contel, O. Le, Yamauchi, M., Kistler, L., Khotyaintsev, Y., Klein, K., Mann, I. R., Matthaeus, W., Mouikis, K., Nykyri, K., Palmroth, M., Plaschke, F., Saito, Y., Soucek, J., Spence, H., Turner, D. L., Vaivads, A., and Valentini, F.
Subjects: Physics - Space Physics
Abstract: Energetic plasma is everywhere in the Universe. The terrestrial Magnetospheric System is a key case where direct measures of plasma energization and energy transport can be made in situ at high resolution. Despite the large amount of available observations, we still do not fully understand how plasma energization and energy transport work. Key physical processes driving much plasma energization and energy transport occur where plasma on fluid scales couple to the smaller ion kinetic scales. These scales (1 RE) are strongly related to the larger mesoscales (several RE) at which large-scale plasma energization and energy transport structures form. All these scales and processes need to be resolved experimentally, however existing multi-point in situ observations do not have a sufficient number of measurement points. New multiscale observations simultaneously covering scales from mesoscales to ion kinetic scales are needed. The implementation of these observations requires a strong international collaboration in the coming years between the major space agencies. The Plasma Observatory is a mission concept tailored to resolve scale coupling in plasma energization and energy transport at fluid and ion scales. It targets the two ESA-led Medium Mission themes Magnetospheric Systems and Plasma Cross-scale Coupling of the ESA Voyage 2050 report and is currently under evaluation as a candidate for the ESA M7 mission. MagCon (Magnetospheric Constellation) is a mission concept being studied by NASA aiming at studying the flow of mass, momentum, and energy through the Earth magnetosphere at mesoscales. Coordination between Plasma Observatory and MagCon missions would allow us for the first time to simultaneously cover from mesoscales to ion kinetic scales leading to a paradigm shift in the understanding of the Earth Magnetospheric System., Comment: A White Paper submitted for the Decadal Survey for Solar and Space Physics (Heliophysics) 2024-2033
Published: 2023

30. The disk of the eruptive protostar V900 Mon; a MATISSE/VLTI and MUSE/VLT perspective

Author: Lykou, F., Ábrahám, P., de Miera, F. Cruz-Sáenz, Varga, J., Kóspál, Á., Bouwman, J., Chen, L., Kraus, S., Sitko, M. L., Russell, R. W., and Pikhartova, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: In this work, we study the silicate dust content in the disk of one of the youngest eruptive stars, V900 Mon, at the highest angular resolution probing down to the inner 10 au of said disk, and study the historical evolution of the system traced in part by a newly discovered emission clump. We performed high-angular resolution mid-infrared interferometric observations of V900 Mon with MATISSE/VLTI with a spatial coverage ranging from 38-m to 130-m baselines, and compared them to archival MIDI/VLTI data. We also mined and re-analyzed archival optical and infrared photometry of the star to study its long-term evolution since its eruption in the 1990s. We complemented our findings with integral field spectroscopy data from MUSE/VLT. The MATISSE/VLTI data suggest a radial variation of the silicate feature in the dusty disk, whereby at large spatial scales ($\geq10$ au) the protostellar disk's emission is dominated by large-sized ($\geq1\,\mu m$) silicate grains, while at smaller spatial scales and closer to the star ($\leq5$ au), silicate emission is absent suggesting self-shielding. We propose that the self-shielding may be the result of small dust grains at the base of the collimated CO outflow previously detected by ALMA. A newly discovered knot in the MUSE/VLT data, located at a projected distance approximately 27,000 au from the star, is co-aligned with the molecular gas outflow at a P.A. of $250^o$ ($\pm5^o$) consistent with the position angle and inclination of the disk. The knot is seen in emission in H$\alpha$, [N II], and the [S II] doublet and its kinematic age is about 5150 years. This ejected material could originate from a previous eruption., Comment: 18 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication by Astronomy & Astrophysics
Published: 2023

31. Multi-scale observation of magnetotail reconnection onset: 2. microscopic dynamics

Author: Genestreti, K. J., Farrugia, C., Lu, S., Vines, S. K., Reiff, P. H., Phan, T. -D., Baker, D. N., Leonard, T. W., Burch, J. L., Bingham, S. T., Cohen, I. J., Shuster, J. R., Gershman, D. J., Mouikis, C. G., Rogers, A. T., Torbert, R. B., Trattner, K. J., Webster, J. M., Chen, L. -J., Giles, B. L., Ahmadi, N., Ergun, R. E., Russell, C. T., Strangeway, R. J., Nakamura, R., and Turner, D. L.
Subjects: Physics - Space Physics, Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract: We analyze the local dynamics of magnetotail reconnection onset using Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) data. In conjunction with MMS, the macroscopic dynamics of this event were captured by a number of other ground and space-based observatories, as is reported in a companion paper. We find that the local dynamics of the onset were characterized by the rapid thinning of the cross-tail current sheet below the ion inertial scale, accompanied by the growth of flapping waves and the subsequent onset of electron tearing. Multiple kinetic-scale magnetic islands were detected coincident with the growth of an initially sub-Alfv\'enic, demagnetized tailward ion exhaust. The onset and rapid enhancement of parallel electron inflow at the exhaust boundary was a remote signature of the intensification of reconnection Earthward of the spacecraft. Two secondary reconnection sites are found embedded within the exhaust from a primary X-line. The primary X-line was designated as such on the basis that (1) while multiple jet reversals were observed in the current sheet, only one reversal of the electron inflow was observed at the high-latitude exhaust boundary, (2) the reconnection electric field was roughly 5 times larger at the primary X-line than the secondary X-lines, and (3) energetic electron fluxes increased and transitioned from anti-field-aligned to isotropic during the primary X-line crossing, indicating a change in magnetic topology. The results are consistent with the idea that a primary X-line mediates the reconnection of lobe magnetic field lines and accelerates electrons more efficiently than its secondary X-line counterparts., Comment: In press, JGR Space Physics, JGRA58162
Published: 2023

32. Multi-scale observation of magnetotail reconnection onset: 1. macroscopic dynamics

Author: Genestreti, K. J., Farrugia, C., Lu, S., Vines, S. K., Reiff, P. H., Phan, T. -D., Baker, D. N., Leonard, T. W., Burch, J. L., Bingham, S. T., Cohen, I. J., Shuster, J. R., Gershman, D. J., Mouikis, C. G., Rogers, A. T., Torbert, R. B., Trattner, K. J., Webster, J. M., Chen, L. -J., Giles, B. L., Ahmadi, N., Ergun, R. E., Russell, C. T., Strangeway, R. J., and Nakamura, R.
Subjects: Physics - Space Physics
Abstract: We analyze a magnetotail reconnection onset event on 3 July 2017 that was observed under otherwise quiescent magnetospheric conditions by a fortuitous conjunction of six space and ground-based observatories. The study investigates the large-scale coupling of the solar wind - magnetosphere system that precipitated the onset of the magnetotail reconnection, focusing on the processes that thinned and stretched the cross-tail current layer in the absence of significant flux loading during a two-hour-long preconditioning phase. It is demonstrated with data in the (1) upstream solar wind, (2) at the low-latitude magnetopause, (3) in the high-latitude polar cap, and (4) in the magnetotail that the typical picture of solar wind-driven current sheet thinning via flux loading does not appear relevant for this particular event. We find that the current sheet thinning was, instead, initiated by a transient solar wind pressure pulse and that the current sheet thinning continued even as the magnetotail and solar wind pressures decreased. We suggest that field line curvature induced scattering (observed by Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS)) and precipitation (observed by Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP)) of high-energy thermal protons may have evacuated plasma sheet thermal energy, which may require a thinning of the plasma sheet to preserve pressure equilibrium with the solar wind., Comment: In press, JGR space physics, JGRA58161
Published: 2023

33. High-Sensitive Microwave Electrometry with Enhanced Instantaneous Bandwidth

Author: Yang, Bowen, Yan, Yuhan, Li, Xuejie, Xiao, Ling, Li, Xiaolin, Chen, L. Q., Deng, Jianliao, and Cheng, Huadong
Subjects: Quantum Physics, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract: Rydberg microwave (MW) sensors are superior to conventional antenna-based techniques because of their wide operating frequency range and outstanding potential sensitivity. Here, we demonstrate a Rydberg microwave receiver with a high sensitivity of $62\,\mathrm{nV} \mathrm{cm}^{-1} \mathrm{Hz}^{-1/2}$ and broad instantaneous bandwidth of up to $10.2\,\mathrm{MHz}$. Such excellent performance was achieved by the amplification of one generated sideband wave induced by the strong coupling field in the six-wave mixing process of the Rydberg superheterodyne receiver, which was well predicted by our theory. Our system, which possesses a uniquely enhanced instantaneous bandwidth and high-sensitivity features that can be improved further, will promote the application of Rydberg microwave electrometry in radar and communication.
Published: 2023
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34. TME-Activated MnO2/Pt Nanoplatform of Hydroxyl Radical and Oxygen Generation to Synergistically Promote Radiotherapy and MR Imaging of Glioblastoma

Author: Chen L, Liu M, Wang Y, Wei W, Li Y, Bai Y, Yu X, Jiao L, and Wang M
Subjects: radiotherapy, glioblastoma, mno2/pt@bsa nanoplatform, nanocatalysis, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Lijuan Chen,1,&ast; Mingbo Liu,2,&ast; Yunjuan Wang,3,4,&ast; Wei Wei,1 Yaqiong Li,5 Yan Bai,1 Xuan Yu,1 Lei Jiao,6 Meiyun Wang1,4 1Department of Medical Imaging, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital & the People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Radiotherapy, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital & the People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Life Sciences, Henan University, North Section of Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, People’s Republic of China; 4Institute of Biomedicine, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital & the People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People’s Republic of China; 6Institute of Molecular Metrology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Meiyun Wang, The Department of Medical Imaging, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital & the People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 7, WeiWu Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People’s Republic of China, Email mywang@zzu.edu.cnPurpose: Radiotherapy (RT) is currently recognized as an important treatment for glioblastoma (GBM), however, it is associated with several challenges. One of these challenges is the radioresistance caused by hypoxia, whereas the other is the low conversion efficiency of the strongly oxidized hydroxyl radical (•OH), which is produced by the decomposition of water due to high-energy X-ray radiation. These factors significantly limit the clinical effectiveness of radiotherapy.Results: To address these limitations, we developed a highly stable and efficient nanoplatform (MnO2/Pt@BSA). Compared to MnO2@BSA, this platform demonstrates high stability, a high yield of oxygen (O2), enhanced production of •OH, and reduced clearance of •OH. The system exhibited increased O2 production in vitro and significantly improved oxygen production efficiency within 100 s at the Pt loading of 38.7%. Furthermore, compared with MnO2, the expression rate of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) in glioma cells treated with MnO2/Pt decreased by half. Additionally, the system promotes •OH generation and consumes glutathione (GSH), thereby inhibiting the clearance of •OH and enhancing its therapeutic effect. Moreover, the degradation of the nanoplatform produces Mn2+, which serves as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent with a T1-weighted enhancement effect at the tumor site. The nanoplatform exhibited excellent biocompatibility and performed multiple functions related to radiotherapy, with simpler components. In U87 tumor bearing mice model, we utilized MnO2/Pt nanocatalysis to enhance the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy on GBM.Conclusion: This approach represents a novel and effective strategy for enhancing radiotherapy in gliomas, thereby advancing the field of catalytic radiotherapy and glioma treatment.Keywords: radiotherapy, glioblastoma, MnO2/Pt@BSA nanoplatform, nanocatalysis
Published: 2024

35. The Relationship Between Computerized Face and Tongue Image Segmentation and Metabolic Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Based on Machine Learning

Author: Wen S, Li Y, Xu C, Jin J, Xu Z, Yuan Y, Chen L, Ren Y, Gong M, Wang C, Dong M, Zhou Y, Yuan X, Li F, and Zhou L
Subjects: type 2 diabetes, tongue imaging, face imaging, cardiovascular disease, machine learning., Specialties of internal medicine, RC581-951
Abstract: Song Wen,1,2 Yanyan Li,1 Chenglin Xu,1 Jianlan Jin,1 Zhimin Xu,1 Yue Yuan,1 Lijiao Chen,1 Yishu Ren,1 Min Gong,1 Congcong Wang,1 Meiyuan Dong,1 Yingfan Zhou,3 Xinlu Yuan,1 Fufeng Li,4 Ligang Zhou1,2,5 1Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, People’s Republic of China; 2Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China; 3Medical School of Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People’s Republic of China; 4Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China; 5Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Ligang Zhou, Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8613611927616, Email zhouligang1n1@163.com Fufeng Li, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China, Email li_fufeng@aliyun.comObjective: We aim to examine and reestablish the correlational and linear regression relationships, as well as the predictive value, between the significant facial and tongue features and the metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials and Methods: From March to May 2024, we studied 269 patients with T2DM in the endocrinology department of Shanghai Pudong Hospital. The patients’ facial and tongue characteristics were sampling by a tongue imaging device equipped with artificial intelligence (AI) (XiMaLife, Sinology, China) of automated and advanced machine learning algorithms. Then, the imaging features were examined in relation to the blood examination.Results: Multiple facial and tongue features, as well as dimensional facial and tongue color parameters, were significantly correlated with glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (r < 0.3, p < 0.05), glycated albumin (GA) (− 0.20 < 0.30, p < 0.05), C-peptide (− 0.20.20, p < 0.05), plasma insulin (r < 0.30, p < 0.05), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (r < 0.3, p < 0.05), significant hepatic and renal function indicators (− 0.30 < r < 0.20, p< 0.05), cardiac injury markers (− 0.30 < r < 0.30, p < 0.05), tumor markers (− 0.5 < r < 0.5, p < 0.05), thyroid function (− 0.15 < r < 0.55, p < 0.05), and blood cell count, including white blood cells (r < 0.2, p < 0.05), and hemoglobin (Hb) (− 0.30 < r < 0.3, 0.0001. The correlational results demonstrated that the tongue’s characteristics and signs may be linked with the dynamic of the metabolic status of T2DM. In order to examine the causal relationships, we performed linear regression analyses, which revealed that various facial and tongue imaging parameters partially determined the metabolic indicators. The predictive value of imaging features was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) to assess metabolic status in T2DM.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that metabolic status, renal and hepatic, cardiac, and thyroid function, the proportion of blood cells, and Hb in T2DM were intimately associated with facial and tongue features. The precise analysis of facial and tongue features through AI and advanced machine learning could be used to predict T2DM’s conditions and progression.Keywords: type 2 diabetes, tongue imaging, face imaging, cardiovascular disease, machine learning
Published: 2024

36. Effect of Preoperative Level of Glycemic Control with Pulsed Radiofrequency on the Incidence of Postherpetic Neuralgia in Patients with Herpes Zoster Combined with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cohort Study

Author: Hua B, An M, Chen L, Ni H, Ni C, and Yao M
Subjects: herpes zoster, postherpetic neuralgia, pulsed radiofrequency, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hba1c, Specialties of internal medicine, RC581-951
Abstract: Bohan Hua,1,2 Mingzi An,2 Liping Chen,2 Huadong Ni,2 Chaobo Ni,1,2 Ming Yao1,2 1Anesthesia Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Anesthesiology and Pain medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Ming Yao; Chaobo Ni, Anesthesia Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang, 310053, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 137 5839 4990, Email jxyaoming@zjxu.edu.cn; jxnichaobo@zjxu.edu.cnPurpose: To investigate the correlation between the level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN).Patients and Methods: This cohort study included 100 patients with herpes zoster (HZ) undergoing treatment with pulsed radiofrequency (PRF). Patients with comorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were divided into three groups based on their glycemic control levels: good [HbA1c < 7% (53.01 mmol/mol), group D1], fair [7% (53.01 mmol/mol) ≤ HbA1c < 9% (74.86 mmol/mol), group D2], and poor [9% (74.86 mmol/mol) ≤ HbA1c, group D3]. The control group (group N) consisted of patients without T2DM. The main outcome measured was the occurrence of PHN in the four groups.Results: A total of 90 patients were included in the cohort. The occurrence of PHN was found to be higher in groups D2 and D3 when compared to group N (N vs D2, P = 0.007; N vs D3, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the occurrence of PHN was higher in groups D2 and D3 in comparison to group D1 (D1 vs D2, P = 0.022; D1 vs D3, P < 0.001), with the incidence of PHN in group D3 being greater than in group D2 (P < 0.001).Conclusion: Preoperative HbA1c predicts the incidence of PHN after PRF in T2DM patients.Keywords: herpes zoster, postherpetic neuralgia, pulsed radiofrequency, type 2 diabetes mellitus, HbA1c
Published: 2024

37. The Relationship Between Poor Sleep and Memory Impairment Among Shift Nurses in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Author: Lin L, Gao Z, Peng Y, Li S, Chen L, and Lin Y
Subjects: nurse, sleep disturbance, memory, cognitive function, Psychiatry, RC435-571, Neurophysiology and neuropsychology, QP351-495
Abstract: Lingyu Lin,1,&ast; Zhuling Gao,2,&ast; Yanchun Peng,2 Sailan Li,1 Liangwan Chen,1,3 Yanjuan Lin1,2 1Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Nursing, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, People’s Republic of China; 3Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery(Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yanjuan Lin, Department of Nursing, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86059186218581, Fax +8683344034, Email fjxhyjl@163.com Liangwan Chen, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China, Fax +86059183301393, Email fjxhlwc@163.comPurpose: Many shift nurses experience poor sleep quality, and the effect on nurses’ cognitive function remains unclear. The study aims to investigate sleep status and explore its association with cognitive function.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Fujian, China between March and September 2022. By convenience sampling method, 588 shift nurses participated in this study. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Bergen Shift Work Sleep Questionnaire (BSWSQ) were used to assess sleep quality, while the Chinese version of Ascertain Dementia-8 (AD-8) was used to evaluate cognitive function. A PSQI score ≤ 7 is classified as good sleep quality, and a score > 7 indicates poor sleep quality. An AD-8 score≥ 2 is considered indicative of memory impairment. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the association between sleep status and memory impairment.Results: A total of 310 (52.6%) participants presented poor sleep quality. Among them, 52.2% of participants had day shift-related sleep problems, 45.9% had evening shift-related sleep problems, 61.9% had night shift-related sleep problems, and 15.0% reported rest-day/vacation-related sleep problems. The prevalence of poor sleep quality and each shift-related sleep problem in the memory impairment group were higher than in the normal memory group (P< 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that poor sleep quality (OR=2.073, 95% CI: 1.398~3.072), evening shift-related sleep problems (OR=1.707, 95% CI: 1.028~2.835), night shift-related sleep problems (OR=1.859, 95% CI:1.104~3.129), and rest-day/vacation-related sleep problems (OR=2.069, 95% CI:1.170~3.659) was significantly associated with memory impairment.Conclusion: This study highlights the prevalence of poor sleep quality among clinical nurses and identifies poor sleep quality and shift-related sleep problems (excluding day shift) as risk factors for memory impairment. Nurse managers should prioritize sleep quality and focus on cognitive function to enhance nurses’ occupational health.Keywords: nurse, sleep disturbance, memory, cognitive function
Published: 2024

38. Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Intra-Dialysis Blood Pressure Variability in Hemodialysis Patients: A Retrospective Study

Author: Xu H, Wang X, Feng M, and Chen L
Subjects: hemodialysis, blood pressure variability, influencing factors, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Haifan Xu,1,2,&ast; Xiaoshuang Wang,1,3,&ast; Miao Feng,1 Liqun Chen1 1Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Nephrology, The People’s Hospital of Kaizhou District, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Nephrology, Yubei District People’s Hospital, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Liqun Chen, Email cqll1970@163.comObjective: To investigate the correlation between background factors and blood pressure variability (BPV), and the prognostic value of intra-dialytic BPV metrics for cardiovascular death and all-cause mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients.Methods: A retrospective study of 264 hD patients was followed up for 36 months. The intra-dialytic BP during the 3-month period for each patient was used to calculate BPV metrics, including standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), average real variability (ARV), blood pressure change (ΔBP), and percent change in blood pressure (ΔBP/pre-BP). The primary outcomes were CVD death and all-cause mortality.Results: Age, body mass index (BMI), predialysis blood pressure, inter-dialytic weight gain rate (IDWG%), α- blockers, and cholesterol levels were positively correlated with intra-dialytic BPV. Hemoglobin and albumin are negatively associated with intra-dialytic BPV. In Cox regression analysis, SBP-ARV, ΔSBP, and ΔSBP/pre-SBP were independent risk factors for CVD death (HR: 1.087, 95% CI: 1.001– 1.181, p = 0.047; HR: 1.072, 95% CI: 1.016– 1.131, p = 0.011; HR: 1.107, 95% CI: 1.011– 1.211, p = 0.028). SBP-ARV showed the largest AUC of 0.593 (p = 0.022) in predicting all-cause death. SBP-ARV, ΔSBP, and ΔSBP/pre-SBP showed relatively large area (AUC = 0.631, 0.639, and 0.620; p = 0.007, 0.004, and 0.013 respectively) in predicting CVD death.Conclusion: Age, BMI, IDWG%, predialysis blood pressure, albumin, hemoglobin, α- blockers, and total cholesterol were significantly correlated with intra-dialytic BPV. SBP-ARV, ΔSBP, and ΔSBP/pre-SBP were independent risk factors for CVD mortality, and there were no differences in prognostic value among various BPV metrics.Keywords: hemodialysis, blood pressure variability, influencing factors, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death
Published: 2024

39. Immune Dysregulation Orchestrated by High-Salt Diet: Mechanistic Insights into Disease Pathogenesis

Author: Chen L, Peng XL, Chen ZX, Qi LM, Deng TT, and Xia LN
Subjects: hsd, immune dysregulation, disease pathogenesis, mechanistic insights, review., Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641, Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, RC620-627
Abstract: Li Chen,1,2 Xi-Le Peng,1,2 Zhi-Xuan Chen,1,2 Lu-Ming Qi,1,2 Ting-Ting Deng,2,3 Li-Na Xia1,2 1School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China; 2Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health Industry Development, State Administration of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Nursing, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Li-Na Xia, School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China, Email xialina@cdutcm.edu.cnBackground: Excessive salt consumption has been associated with detrimental health consequences, including hypertension, colitis, and autoimmune disorders. However, recent studies have proposed that high salt diet (HSD) can both stimulate the immune system, affecting the differentiation of immune cells, promoting or inhibiting cytokine secretion to fight cancer or elicit a more potent autoimmune response, and exerting an immunosuppressive effect to influence disease development, providing mechanistic insights into the direction of immune regulation in which HSD affects disease.Objective: This paper reviews the immunomodulatory effects of HSD on various innate immune and adaptive cells, especially macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells, in relation to disease development.Methods: We identified papers by electronically searching the Web of Science (WOS) database from inception through March 2023.Results: A growing number of animal experiments and in vitro cell culture studies have shown that HSD can regulate the differentiation and activation of a variety of immune cells, and promote or inhibit different cytokines to mediate the development of a variety of diseases, including nephropathy, hypertension, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and a number of autoimmune diseases. These findings provide a new mechanism for pathological changes in the direction of immune regulation and suggest that HSD is a predisposing factor for a variety of diseases, providing new mechanistic insights into dietary health modification.Conclusion: HSD mediates the development of multiple diseases by regulating the differentiation and activation of a variety of immune cells, and the underlying mechanisms may be related to gut microbes and their metabolites.Keywords: HSD, immune dysregulation, disease pathogenesis, mechanistic insights, review
Published: 2024

40. Association Between the Aggregate Index of Systemic Inflammation and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Retrospective Study

Author: Jiang Y, Luo B, Lu W, Chen Y, Peng Y, Chen L, and Lin Y
Subjects: acute myocardial infarction, inflammation index, clinical outcomes, macces, Pathology, RB1-214, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract: Yan Jiang,1,&ast; Baolin Luo,2,&ast; Wen Lu,1 Yaqin Chen,1 Yanchun Peng,2 Liangwan Chen,3,4 Yanjuan Lin2,3 1School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Nursing, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China; 4Fujian Provincial Special Reserve Talents Laboratory, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Liangwan Chen, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China, Email fjxhlwc@163.com Yanjuan Lin, Department of Nursing, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China, Email fjxhyjl@163.comPurpose: The Aggregate Index of Systemic Inflammation (AISI) has emerged as a novel marker for inflammation and prognosis, but its role in patients with acute myocardial infarction has not been studied. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of different AISI levels on the clinical outcomes of patients with acute myocardial infarction.Patients and Methods: This study was a retrospective study, including 1044 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who were treated at the Fujian Medical University Affiliated Union Hospital, China from May 2017 to December 2022. The patients were divided into high and low AISI groups based on the median value (Q1 Group, ≤ 416.15, n=522; Q2 Group, ≥ 416.16, n=522), and the differences in baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes between the two groups were analyzed. The primary outcome included major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), while the secondary outcomes included contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) risk and all-cause rehospitalization rate.Results: The findings of the single-factor analysis suggest that a significant association between high AISI levels and the occurrence of MACCEs in AMI patients. After adjusting for confounding factors, the results indicated that compared to Q1, patients in the Q2 group had a higher risk of all-cause mortality [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4.64; 95% CI 1.37– 15.72; p=0.032], new-onset atrial fibrillation (aOR 1.75; 95% CI 1.02– 3.00; p=0.047), and CIN (aOR 1.75; 95% CI 1.02– 3.01; p=0.043), with all differences being statistically significant.Conclusion: In the population of AMI patients, an elevated AISI level is significantly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular death and can serve as an early marker for adverse prognosis.Keywords: acute myocardial infarction, inflammation index, clinical outcomes, MACCEs
Published: 2024

41. Increased Intestinal Inflammation and Permeability in Glaucoma

Author: Wang Z, Guo S, He C, Chen L, Wang J, Xiu W, Zhang G, Chen Y, Li A, Zhu X, Xiao X, Yu L, and Lu F
Subjects: fecal lactoferrin, fecal alpha-1 antitrypsin, glaucoma, intestinal inflammation, intes-tinal permeability, intestinal barrier, Pathology, RB1-214, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract: Zuo Wang,1,2,&ast; Siqi Guo,3,&ast; Chong He,2,4,&ast; Lingling Chen,5 Jinxia Wang,2 Wenbo Xiu,2 Gao Zhang,2 Yang Chen,2 An Li,2 Xiong Zhu,6 Xiao Xiao,2 Ling Yu,3 Fang Lu2,4,7 1Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China; 2Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China; 4Medico-Engineering Cooperation on Applied Medicine Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Immunology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China; 7Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ling Yu; Fang Lu, Email oculistlingyu@hotmail.com; lufangfang@126.comObjective: Evidence suggests that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the development of glaucoma. This dysbiosis is commonly associated with chronic intestinal inflammation and increased intestinal permeability. However, the understanding of intestinal inflammation and permeability in glaucoma remains insufficient. This study aims to investigate the potential relationship between fecal inflammation and permeability markers and glaucoma.Methods: We recruited 114 glaucoma patients and 75 healthy controls. Levels of fecal lactoferrin (Lf) and alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) were quantified using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to compare both biomarkers between groups and across different severity grades of glaucoma. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between these fecal biomarkers and glaucoma. The severity of glaucoma was assessed based on the mean deviation (MD) in the visual field.Results: In this study, we observed elevated levels of fecal Lf and AAT in glaucoma patients. The proportion of glaucoma patients with abnormal fecal Lf levels (≥ 7.25 μg/g) was significantly higher than that of the controls (p = 0.012). A positive correlation was noted between fecal Lf and AAT (rho = 0.20, p = 0.006). After adjusting for age and sex, multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that both fecal Lf (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.01– 1.21, p = 0.026) and AAT (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.01– 1.02, p < 0.001) positively correlated with glaucoma. These biomarkers might reflect glaucoma severity, with significant differences in fecal Lf levels observed between moderate and severe stages, but not in the early stage. Furthermore, increasing levels of fecal AAT correlated with greater severity of glaucomatous injury and a larger vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR) (p < 0.05).Conclusion: This study suggests an increase in intestinal inflammation and permeability in glaucoma, further indicating the importance of the ‘gut-retina axis’ in the pathogenesis of the disease and potentially offering new therapeutic avenues.Keywords: fecal lactoferrin, fecal alpha-1 antitrypsin, glaucoma, intestinal inflammation, intestinal permeability, intestinal barrier
Published: 2024

42. Circular RNA circEZH2 Promotes Lung Adenocarcinoma Progression by Regulating microRNA-495-3p/Tumor Protein D52 Axis and Activating Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Pathway

Author: Chen L, Xiang T, Xing J, Lu X, Wei S, Wang H, Li J, and Yu W
Subjects: lung adenocarcinoma, circular rna, nuclear factor kappa b, tumor protein d52, mir-495-3p., Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Liping Chen,1 Tongwei Xiang,2 Jing Xing,2 Xinan Lu,2 Shan Wei,2 Huaying Wang,2 Jipeng Li,1 Wanjun Yu2 1Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Liping Chen; Wanjun Yu, Email Chenliliy@outlook.com; nbyuwanjun@163.comBackground: It has been increasingly recognized that circular RNAs (circRNAs) act as a pivotal factor in the onset and progression of human malignancies. Yet, the specific activities and mechanistic roles of these RNAs in the context of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) are not fully understood.Methods: Microarray analysis identified a novel LUAD-associated circular RNA, termed hsa_circ_0006357 (also referred to as circEZH2). Reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was utilized for the analysis of circEZH2 expression in tissues and cell lines. The characteristics of circEZH2 were verified by RNase R treatment and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays. The functions of circEZH2 were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, wound healing, and Transwell assays. The molecular mechanism of circEZH2 was clarified through bioinformatics analysis as well as RNA pulldown, dual-luciferase reporter, RT-qPCR, and immunoblotting assays. The role of circEZH2 in vivo was investigated using a xenograft model.Results: This investigation revealed that circEZH2 expression was elevated in LUAD cell lines and tumor samples. This elevation was associated with enhanced cell proliferation, migratory capacity, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and invasion in vitro. Conversely, silencing of circEZH2 in vivo resulted in a notable decrease in LUAD tumorigenesis, whereas its overexpression led to the opposite effects. Mechanistically, circEZH2 appeared to act as a sponge for miR-495-3p, facilitating the upregulation of tumor protein D52 (TPD52) and triggering the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, thus contributing to the progression of LUAD.Conclusion: These findings indicate that circEZH2 may function as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA), driving the progression of LUAD by manipulating the miR-495-3p/TPD52 axis and activating the NF-κB pathway.Keywords: lung adenocarcinoma, circular RNA, nuclear factor kappa B, tumor protein D52, miR-495-3p
Published: 2024

43. Benefit of Conversion Therapy in Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Propensity Score-Matched Study

Author: Han R, Gan L, Sun L, Lang M, Tian X, Zhu K, Chen L, Li G, and Song T
Subjects: hepatocellular carcinoma, conversion therapy, recurrence-free survival, hepatic resection, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: Ruyu Han,1,&ast; Leijuan Gan,1,&ast; Liyu Sun,1 Mengran Lang,2 Xindi Tian,1 Kangwei Zhu,1 Lu Chen,1 Guangtao Li,1 Tianqiang Song1 1Department of Hepatobiliary Cancer, Liver Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, People’s Republic of China; 2Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Tianqiang Song, Department of Hepatobiliary Cancer, Liver Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-22-23340123, Fax +86-22-23537796, Email songtianqiangtj@163.comPurpose: This study aimed to investigate the benefit of conversion therapy for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Patients and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 40 patients initially deemed unresectable HCC (uHCC). They received surgery following successful conversion therapy involving lenvatinib. The patients were matched in a 1:1 ratio to with a control group who underwent direct surgery, based on pre-treatment clinical data.Results: The median recurrence-free survival (RFS) duration for the conversion therapy cohort was notably longer than that of the direct surgery cohort (25 months vs 11 months). Furthermore, the 1- and 2-year RFS rates were significantly higher in the conversion therapy group compared to the direct surgery group (1 year: 70.5% vs 40.1%; 2 years: 49.0% vs 19.1%). The survival curves indicated a statistically significantly longer RFS in the conversion therapy cohort compared to the direct surgery cohort (P = 0.007). While patients achieving good remission based on both RECIST 1.1 and mRECIST criteria showed superior median RFS, no significant disparity was observed in the survival curves. The subgroup analysis revealed significantly improved prognosis among patients in the conversion therapy group who were male, older, had a history of alcohol consumption, were non-smokers, had liver cirrhosis, possessed Child-Pugh A liver function, had a tumor diameter exceeding 5 cm, and had an AFP ≥ 400 ng/mL. Among the cohort of 40 patients, only 8 individuals encountered severe adverse reactions, which were managed through dose reduction. None of the patients experienced multiple severe adverse reactions concurrently.Conclusion: For patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, conversion therapy offers a significantly better prognosis than direct surgery for uHCC patients.Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma, conversion therapy, recurrence-free survival, hepatic resection
Published: 2024

44. Summary of Best Evidence to Address Kinesiophobia Post Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: An Evidence-Based Review

Author: Ding L, Li C, Chen L, Huang PY, and Bian FF
Subjects: evidence-based nursing, evidence summary, intervention, kinesophobia, post-pci, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Li Ding,1,&ast; Cong Li,1,&ast; Lu Chen,1 Pei-Yu Huang,1 Fei-Fei Bian2 1Emergency Ward, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Surgical, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Lu, Chen; Pei-Yu Huang, Emergency Ward, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 366 Taihu Road, Taizhou Pharmaceutical High-Tech District, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13641589385 ; +86 18705267452, Email chenluchen29@126.com; huangpeiyuh@126.comObjective: The objective of this study is to systematically explore and summarize the best evidence on intervention programs for patients with kinesophobia following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to provide a comprehensive reference for clinical practice interventions.Methods: Evidence on interventions for kinesophobia post-PCI was retrieved from Chinese and international integrated databases, treatment guidelines, and websites of professional associations, including systematic reviews and expert consensuses. The evidence considered in this study extends up to May 2022, encompassing information available since the inception of the databases. Two researchers independently evaluated the articles included in the review and extracted and summarized the available evidence.Results: By extracting and integrating data from the 14 articles included in this review, we identified six categories: pre-intervention assessment, psychological intervention, health education, rehabilitation training, social support, and quality control. A total of 21 pieces of evidence were summarized, including mental health assessment, physical fitness evaluation, timing and content of health education, development of personalized exercise prescriptions, and risk control.Conclusion: In clinical settings, using evidence-based practices requires developing feasible intervention programs based on comprehensive consideration of hospital resources, allocation of medical personnel, and consideration of patients’ preferences to reduce the kinesophobia of patients post-PCI and improve their compliance with exercise rehabilitation.Keywords: evidence-based nursing, evidence summary, intervention, kinesophobia, post-PCI
Published: 2024

45. The Enhanced Role of Eosinophils in Radiomics-Based Diagnosis of Microvascular Invasion and Its Association with the Immune Microenvironment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Author: Liu D, Wu J, Wang H, Dong H, Chen L, and Jia N
Subjects: hepatocellular carcinoma, eosinophils, radiomics, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: Dong Liu,1,&ast; Jianmin Wu,2,&ast; Han Wang,3 Hui Dong,3 Lei Chen,4 Ningyang Jia1 1Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China; 2Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China; 4The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 201805, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ningyang Jia; Lei Chen, Email ningyangjia@163.com; chenlei@smmu.edu.cnObjective: To investigate the role of eosinophil counts (EC) in microvascular invasion (MVI) for enhancing the radiomics based diagnostic model. Additionally, its correlation with early recurrence and tumor immune microenvironment was explored.Methods: Propensity score matching was employed to evaluate on 462 cases whether EC was an independent risk factor for MVI. Subgroup analyses examined EC’s effect on MVI across varying hypersplenism degrees. Univariate-multivariate logistic regression identified MVI’s independent factors to develop a diagnostic model. Univariate-multivariate COX regression determined early recurrence factors. Co-detection by indexing (CODEX) constructed the immune score (IS), and Spearman correlation analyzed its association with peripheral immunity.Results: EC was an independent risk factor for MVI (p=0.038, OR=1.304 (95% CI: 1.014– 1.677)), and its effect on MVI disappeared with the severity of hypersplenism. The diagnostic model with EC was significantly improved (AUC=0.787 (95% CI: 0.737– 0.836) vs AUC=0.748(95% CI: 0.694– 0.802, p=0.005)). MVI was an independent risk factor for early recurrence (p< 0.001, HR = 2.254 (95% CI: 1.557– 3.263)). IS was negatively correlated with lymphocyte counts (R=− 0.311, p=0.022), and positively correlated with EC (R=0.301, p=0.027) and RS (R = 0.315, p = 0.018).Conclusion: EC was an independent risk factor for MVI and was related to the tumor immune microenvironment. EC should be included in the diagnosis of MVI to improve diagnostic efficiency.Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma, eosinophils, radiomics
Published: 2024

46. Associations of Intermittent Hypoxia Burden with Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Adult Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Author: Guo W, Sun L, Yue H, Guo X, Chen L, Zhang J, Chen Z, Wang Y, Wang J, and Lei W
Subjects: obstructive sleep apnea, gut microbiota, 16s rrna, intermittent hypoxia, Psychiatry, RC435-571, Neurophysiology and neuropsychology, QP351-495
Abstract: Wenbin Guo,1,&ast; Lin Sun,1,&ast; Huijun Yue,1,&ast; Xueqin Guo,1 Lin Chen,1 Jinhong Zhang,1 Zhuqi Chen,1 Yiming Wang,1 Jiao Wang,2 Wenbin Lei1 1Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jiao Wang, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China, Email wangj836@mail.sysu.edu.cn Wenbin Lei, Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China, Email leiwb@mail.sysu.edu.cnPurpose: Clinical studies focusing on the association between the gut microbiota and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are limited. This study aimed to explore the relationship between intermittent hypoxia and the composition of gut microbiota in adults by analyzing the differences in the characteristics and functional distribution of gut microbiota between patients with different severities of OSA and healthy individuals.Patients and Methods: A cohort of 113 individuals from the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University underwent overnight polysomnography from July 2019 to August 2021. The individuals included 16 healthy controls and 97 patients with OSA, categorized by the apnea-hypopnea index into mild, moderate, and severe groups. Fecal samples were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA V3–V4 region to assess gut microbiota composition and function. Correlation analysis was used to evaluate the association between clinical indicators and microbiota markers.Results: In patients with OSA, the gut microbiota diversity and the abundance of specific microbes that produce short-chain fatty acids decreased (P< 0.05). The phyla Verrucomicrobia and Candidatus Saccharibacteria, genera Gemmiger and Faecalibacterium, and the species Gemmiger formicilis exhibited decreasing abundance with increasing OSA severity. Correlation analysis revealed a robust association between the proportion of total sleep time, characterized by nighttime blood oxygen saturation below 90%, and the alterations in the gut microbiota, demonstrating that elevated levels of desaturation are correlated with pronounced microbiota dysbiosis (P< 0.05).Conclusion: Compared to the control group, the intermittent hypoxia exhibited by patients with OSA may be related to alterations in the composition and structure of the gut microbiota. Our results demonstrate the importance of monitoring hypoxia indicators in future clinical practice.Keywords: obstructive sleep apnea, gut microbiota, 16S rRNA, intermittent hypoxia
Published: 2024

47. Clinical and Diagnostic Value of High-Density Lipoprotein-Based Inflammatory Indices and Lipid Ratios in Young Adults with Schizophrenia

Author: Chen L, Zheng C, Luan H, and Chen X
Subjects: neutrophil-to-hdl ratio (nhr), monocyte-to-hdl ratio (mhr), platelet-to-hdl ratio (phr), lipid ratios, schizophrenia, inflammatory markers, Pathology, RB1-214, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract: Liling Chen,1 Cunqing Zheng,1 Honglin Luan,2 Xinyuan Chen3 1Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wenzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xinyuan Chen, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Bailidonglu Street, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8615858805715, Fax +86057788070190, Email 742846523@qq.comPurpose: This study aimed to assess High-density Lipoprotein (HDL)-based Inflammatory Indices and lipid profile changes in antipsychotic-naive first-episode schizophrenia (AN-FES) patients, chronic schizophrenia (CS) patients, and explore the clinical and predictive value of these parameters for schizophrenia.Patients and Methods: The study cohort included 52 AN-FES patients, 46 CS patients, and 52 healthy controls (HCs), with an average age of 24 years. Upon admission, patients underwent complete blood count and lipid profile analyses. Various ratios were calculated, including neutrophil-to-HDL (NHR), monocyte-to-HDL (MHR), lymphocyte-to-HDL (LHR), and platelet-to-HDL (PHR), as well as lipid ratios like triglycerides/HDL, non-HDL/HDL, total cholesterol/HDL, and low-density lipoprotein/HDL. For the AN-FES group, these evaluations were repeated after two months of treatment with atypical antipsychotics. Statistical analyses included correlation analysis, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and univariate and multivariate regression.Results: Compared to HCs, CS patients exhibited significantly higher MHR and NHR values, while AN-FES patients showed elevated levels of PHR, MHR, and NHR. No significant differences were observed in LHR or lipid ratios across the three groups. In the AN-FES cohort, MHR correlated positively with neutrophil counts, and NHR with monocyte counts. Additionally, white blood cell counts were positively associated with both MHR and NHR. Following treatment, NHR levels decreased, whereas TG/HDL ratios increased, with MHR and PHR remaining elevated. ROC analysis highlighted NHR as the most diagnostically valuable parameter (AUC = 0.799), with 86.5% specificity at an optimal cutoff of 3.534, outperforming MHR and PHR. Regression analyses recognized NHR (OR=2.225) as an independent risk factor for schizophrenia, even after adjusting for confounders.Conclusion: HDL-based inflammatory indices, particularly NHR, may serve as valuable diagnostic and prognostic markers in young adults with schizophrenia, even though significant alterations in lipid ratios were not observed in this demographic.Keywords: neutrophil-to-HDL ratio, NHR, monocyte-to-HDL ratio, MHR, platelet-to-HDL ratio, PHR, lipid ratios, schizophrenia, inflammatory indices
Published: 2024

48. Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Nontuberculous Mycobacterium Pulmonary Disease in Fuyang, China: A Retrospective Study

Author: Wang X, Li T, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Chen L, and Gao Y
Subjects: ntm, clinical symptoms, tuberculosis exposure history, bronchiectasis, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Xiaowu Wang,1,2 Tuantuan Li,1,2 Yan Liu,1,2 Yilang Zhu,1,2 Lichang Chen,1,2 Yong Gao1,2 1Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second People’s Hospital of Fuyang City, Fuyang, Anhui, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuyang Infection Disease Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yong Gao, The Second People’s Hospital of Fuyang City, No. 1088, West Yinghe Road, Fuyang, Anhui, People’s Republic of China, Email fyeryuangy8@126.comObjective: We retrospectively review consecutive patients with nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) pulmonary disease reported from a designated hospital for infectious diseases in the Fuyang district of China to determine the clinical characteristics of these patients.Methods: This research enrolled 234 patients with NTM pulmonary disease between January 2018 and May 2023 in the Fuyang district of China. Data were collected from the electronic medical records. The NTM strain composition and clinical characteristics of NTM pulmonary disease were retrospectively analyzed.Results: 73 (31.20%) patients had previous tuberculosis (TB) or TB exposure history and bronchiectasis. Mixed NTM infection accounted for 12.39%. Mycobacterium intracellulare strain was detected in 132 patients (49.62%). Women were found to be more affected by Mycobacterium avium infection, and men by Mycobacterium abscessus infection. Mycobacterium avium (34.21%) and Mycobacterium abscessus (33.33%) strains were most common in people with previous TB or TB exposure history. Among respiratory tract-related diseases, patients with bronchiectasis had the highest isolation rate of Mycobacterium avium (55.36%). Women were susceptible to bronchiectasis (P < 0.01). The median of mononuclear-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) was higher in men than in women (P < 0.01). The serum albumin (ALB) level was lower in patients with TB or TB exposure history than in those without TB history (P = 0.034). The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) was lower in patients with TB or TB exposure history than in those without tuberculosis history (P = 0.021). Patients with NTM lung disease were poorly treated.Conclusion: Clinical symptoms of the disease were not species-specific. Mycobacterium intracellulare and Mycobacterium avium strains were predominant in the Fuyang district of China. Previous TB or TB exposure history immensely enhanced the risk of NTM disease.Keywords: NTM, clinical symptoms, tuberculosis exposure history, bronchiectasis
Published: 2024

49. Diagnostic Value of Artificial Intelligence in Minimal Breast Lesions Based on Real-Time Dynamic Ultrasound Imaging

Author: Qu C, Xia F, Chen L, Li HJ, and Li WM
Subjects: breast cancer, ultrasound, artificial intelligence, diagnostic, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Chen Qu,1,&ast; Fei Xia,2,&ast; Ling Chen,1 Hong-Jian Li,2 Wei-Min Li1 1Department of Ultrasonography, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Ultrasonography, Huai’an Cancer Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Hong-Jian Li, Department of Ultrasonography, Huai’an Cancer Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, 223232, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8613511507565, Email 492938595@qq.com Wei-Min Li, Department of Ultrasonography, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8613912362309, Email 1005342597@qq.comPurpose: : To explore the diagnostic value of artificial intelligence (AI)-based on real-time dynamic ultrasound imaging system for minimal breast lesions.Patients and Methods: Minimal breast lesions with a maximum diameter of ≤ 10mm were selected in this prospective study. The ultrasound equipment and AI system were activated Simultaneously. The ultrasound imaging video is connected to the server of AI system to achieve simultaneous output of AI and ultrasound scanning. Dynamic observation of breast lesions was conducted via ultrasound. And these lesions were evaluated and graded according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) classification system through deep learning (DL) algorithms in AI. Surgical pathology was taken as the gold standard, and ROC curves were drawn to determine the area under the curve (AUC) and the optimal threshold values of BI-RADS. The diagnostic efficacy was compared with the use of a BI-RADS category > 3 as the threshold for clinically intervening in diagnosing minimal breast cancers.Results: 291 minimal breast lesions were enrolled in the study, of which 228 were benign (78.35%) and 63 were malignant (21.65%). The AUC of the ROC curve was 0.833, with the best threshold value > 4A. When using >BI-RADS 3 and >BI-RADS 4A as threshold values, the sensitivity and negative predictive value for minimal breast cancers were higher for >BI-RADS 3 than >BI-RADS 4A (100% vs 65.08%, 100% vs 89.91%, P values < 0.001). However, the corresponding specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy were lower than those for >BI-RADS 4A (42.11% vs 85.96%, 32.31% vs 56.16%, and 54.64% vs 81.44%, P values < 0.001).Conclusion: The AI-based real-time dynamic ultrasound imaging system shows good capacity in diagnosing minimal breast lesions, which is helpful for early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, and improves the prognosis of patients. However, it still results in some missed diagnoses and misdiagnoses of minimal breast cancers.Keywords: Breast cancer, ultrasound, artificial intelligence, diagnostic
Published: 2024

50. PEGylated β-Cell-Targeting Exosomes from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve β Cell Function and Quantity by Suppressing NRF2-Mediated Ferroptosis

Author: Xia L, Yang M, Zang N, Song J, Chen J, Hu H, Wang K, Xiang Y, Yang J, Wang L, Zou Y, Lv X, Hou X, and Chen L
Subjects: exosome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, β-cell-targeting, polyethylene glycol modification, ferroptosis, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Longqing Xia,1 Mengmeng Yang,1 Nan Zang,1– 4 Jia Song,1– 4 Jun Chen,1– 4 Huiqing Hu,1 Kewei Wang,1 Yingyue Xiang,1 Jingwen Yang,1 Liming Wang,1 Ying Zou,1 Xiaoyu Lv,1 Xinguo Hou,1– 4 Li Chen1– 4 1Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People’s Republic of China; 3Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, People’s Republic of China; 4Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, 250012, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Li Chen, Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, People’s Republic of China, Email chenli3@email.sdu.edu.cnBackground: The depletion of β cell mass is widely recognized as a significant contributor to the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-EXOs) hold promise as cell-free therapies for treating T2DM. However, the precise effects and mechanisms through which MSC-EXO affects β cell function remain incompletely understood, and the limited ability of MSC-EXO to target β cells and the short blood circulation time hampers its therapeutic effectiveness.Methods: The effects of MSC-EXO were investigated in T2DM mice induced by a high-fat diet combined with STZ. Additionally, the high glucose-stimulated INS-1 cell line was used to investigate the potential mechanism of MSC-EXO. Michael addition reaction-mediated chemical coupling was used to modify the surface of the exosome membrane with a β-cell-targeting aptamer and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The β-cell targeting and blood circulation time were evaluated, and whether this modification enhanced the islet-protective effect of MSC-EXO was further analyzed.Results: We observed that the therapeutic effects of MSC-EXO on T2DM manifested through the reduction of random blood glucose levels, enhancement of glucose and insulin tolerance, and increased insulin secretion. These effects were achieved by augmenting β cell mass via inhibiting nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (NRF2)-mediated ferroptosis. Mechanistically, MSC-EXOs play a role in the NRF2-mediated anti-ferroptosis mechanism by transporting active proteins that are abundant in the AKT and ERK pathways. Moreover, compared to MSC-EXOs, aptamer- and PEG-modified exosomes (Apt-EXOs) were more effective in islet protection through PEG-mediated cycle prolongation and aptamer-mediated β-cell targeting.Conclusion: MSC-EXO suppresses NRF2-mediated ferroptosis by delivering bioactive proteins to regulate the AKT/ERK signaling pathway, thereby improving the function and quantity of β cells. Additionally, Apt-EXO may serve as a novel drug carrier for islet-targeted therapy.Keywords: exosome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, β-cell-targeting, polyethylene glycol modification, ferroptosis
Published: 2024

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