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This study investigated the distribution of sedimentary phosphorus (P) species along an area of a rapid current at the southern coast of Zhoushan Island. The objective of this study was to improve the understanding of P cycling in a zone of rapid water cycling. Results showed that the average percentage of each P form to total P (TP) was in the following order: apatite P (Ca-P; 52%) was found in the most abundant, followed by organic P (OP; 16%), exchangeable-P (Ex-P; 14%), detrital P (De-P; 11%), and iron-bound P (Fe-P; 7%). Ca-P showed a trend of an increasing concentration from a location at the west (ZS1 has mean Ca-P = 45.6 mg kg−1) toward the east (ZS2 has mean Ca-P = 82.69 mg kg−1) and south-east (ZS3 has mean Ca-P = 82.17 mg kg−1); De-P also increased from 15.12 mg kg−1 at ZS1 to 22.53 mg kg−1 at ZS2 and 27.45 mg kg−1 at ZS3, but the three bioavailable P species, OP, Ex-P, and Fe-P, decreased from the west toward the east of the coastal area. Results along the cores showed the occurrences of sediment P adsorption and release throughout the time span from the 1930s to the present, with an overall trend of decreasing Ca-P and TP from the bottom to surface sediments. There was a tendency of Ca-P formation at the expense of Ex-P and OP release during transport and organic matter decomposition. The likely impact of climate change in the coastal zone would be an increased temperature resulting in elevated organic matter decomposition and P release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile strategy to construct superhydrophobic coatings was carried out by one‐pot process using novel nano zero‐valent iron and hydrogen peroxide as trigger in ethanol and Tris buffer mixed system containing dopamine and 1H,1H,2H,2H‐perfluorodecanethiol (PFDT) for the first time. The polydopamine (PDA) modified by PFDT composite coating can be deposited onto various substrates including glass slides, polyurethane sheets, polytetrafluoroethylene wafers, 304 stainless steel sheets, and polyurethane sponges, revealing excellent hydrophobicity with the water contact angles from 157.1° to 162.2° and the sliding angle lower than 1°. The flourier transformed infrared spectroscopy and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy information of the composite coating demonstrated the successful covalent interaction between catechol group in PDA and thiol group of PFDT via Michael addition reaction. As‐prepared PFDT/PDA composite coatings exhibited enhanced chemical stability in highly acidic solutions for 6 days, alkaline aqueous solutions for 5 days, salty solutions (3.5 wt%) for 28 days, and polar organic solvents for 24 h, respectively, as well as resistance to algae adhesion. The excellent corrosion resistance and chemical stability of the composite coating and their simple, time saving and inexpensive construction process are expected to be widely applied in various areas, including marine anti‐corrosion, anti‐fouling, and oil–water separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chemotactic cytokines play a crucial role in the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Thus, investigating the mechanisms of chemotactic cytokine-related genes (CCRGs) in AML is of paramount importance. Methods: Using the TCGA-AML, GSE114868 , and GSE12417 datasets, differential expression analysis identified differentially expressed CCRGs (DE-CCRGs). These genes were screened by overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between AML and control groups with CCRGs. Subsequently, functional enrichment analysis and the construction of a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were conducted to explore the functions of the DE-CCRGs. Univariate Cox regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and multivariate Cox regression analyses identified relevant prognostic genes and developed a prognostic model. Survival analysis of the prognostic gene was performed, followed by functional similarity analysis, immune analysis, enrichment analysis, and drug prediction analysis. Results: Differential expression analysis revealed 6,743 DEGs, of which 29 DE-CCRGs were selected for this study. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that DE-CCRGs were primarily involved in chemotactic cytokine-related functions and pathways. Six prognostic genes (CXCR3, CXCR2, CXCR6, CCL20, CCL4, and CCR2) were identified and incorporated into the risk model. The model's performance was validated using the GSE12417 dataset. Survival analysis showed significant differences in AML overall survival (OS) between prognostic gene high and low expression groups, indicating that prognostic gene might be significantly associated with patient survival. Additionally, nine different immune cells were identified between the two risk groups. Correlation analysis revealed that CCR2 had the most significant positive correlation with monocytes and the most significant negative correlation with resting mast cells. The tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion score was lower in the high-risk group. Conclusion: CXCR3, CXCR2, CXCR6, CCL20, CCL4, and CCR2 were identified as prognostic genes correlated to AML and the tumor immune microenvironment. These findings offerred novel insights into the prevention and treatment of AML. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The frequency of riverine floods is predicted to increase in East Asia. However, the response of coastal hypoxia (<63 μmol L−1) to floods has not been well understood. In the summer of 2020, characterized by one of the most significant Changjiang water fluxes in three decades, we conducted a cruise during the flood period on the East China Sea inner shelf. Our observations revealed severe bottom hypoxia with a maximum spatial coverage of ∼11,600 km2 and a minimum dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) of 21 μmol L−1. In the surface layer, the relationships between salinity and nitrate, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) indicated significant organic matter production, validated by a high‐Chlorophyll‐a (Chl a) patch (>5 μg L−1). Furthermore, the significant relationship between apparent oxygen utilization and DIC of deep waters reveals that the organic matter decomposition primarily drove the hypoxia during the flood period. Episodic wind events also influenced bottom DO and DIC, by transporting surface waters to the deep. Multiple‐years data set shows that the average Changjiang nitrate flux during flood years is about 1.4 times that during non‐flood years. The flood waters mix with estuarine waters, forming the high‐nutrient plume waters, which expanded farther offshore during the flood period. While high turbidity remained confined to the inner estuary. Consequently, the high‐Chl a area significantly expanded, which significantly exacerbated the hypoxia. Plain Language Summary: Coastal waters are severely threatened by hypoxia, which impacts the growth, reproduction, and migration of marine organisms. Nutrient inputs from river basins are one of the major controlling factors of hypoxia in coastal oceans. The frequency and intensity of floods in river basins are projected to increase in the context of global warming in East Asia. However, the relationship between floods and coastal hypoxia is not well documented. The year 2020 witnessed lots of riverine flood events across Asian countries, which provided us with an excellent opportunity to reveal the influences of flood on hypoxia development on the shelf. In 2020, the August nitrate flux of Changjiang was 1.5 times higher compared to that in non‐flood years. We observed maximum hypoxic waters covering 11,600 km2 with a minimum DO of 21 μmol L−1 on the East China Sea inner shelf. Historical data showed that the floods led to the expansion of the high‐nutrient plume area, resulting in high biological production in the plume, and a nearly doubling of the hypoxia extent in the bottom waters. With the growing risk of intensive floods, hypoxia is likely to aggravate in coastal waters. Key Points: We observed a maximum hypoxia area of ∼11,600 km2, and a minimum dissolved oxygen of 21 μmol L−1 during the flood period in 2020Significant nitrate removal and surface Chlorophyll a exceeding 29 μg L−1 suggested intense biological production during the flood periodThe expansion of high‐Chl a plume area during flood periods surpasses that of non‐flood periods, contributing to hypoxia area increase [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]