Search

Simple Summary: This paper addresses the various sources of Se in the aquatic environment as well as the positive and negative effects on fish. It emphasizes that optimal dietary Se levels are necessary for healthy biological processes in fish, such as growth, reproduction, and immunity. Since organic Se appears to be the most ideal for fish due to its low toxicity, environmental safety, and efficient fish culture, it explores the potential sources and forms of Se. Extreme doses could be toxic to fish, and higher levels could cause retarded growth, survival issues, abnormalities, and poor performance. However, adverse effects depend on the acceptance of the fish species. Additionally, there are a number of biological techniques that may be used to remove excess Se from the aquatic environment, with phytoremediation being the most effective. The production of Se-rich feeds and their benefits for fish immune systems, disease prevention, and growth development are discussed in this article. These factors contribute to the profitability of fish farmers and their confidence in the feed industry. In order to monitor and study Se's effects on fish and their aquatic environment, the report highlights the significance of the feed industry and how it connects farmers with research institutions. Dietary selenium (Se) is an essential component that supports fish growth and the immune system. This review attempts to provide insight into the biological impacts of dietary Se, including immunological responses, infection defense, and fish species growth, and it also identifies the routes via which it enters the aquatic environment. Dietary Se is important in fish feed due to its additive, antioxidant, and enzyme properties, which aid in various biological processes. However, excessive intake of it may harm aquatic ecosystems and potentially disrupt the food chain. This review explores the diverse natures of dietary Se, their impact on fish species, and the biological methods for eliminating excesses in aquatic environments. Soil has a potential role in the distribution of Se through erosion from agricultural, industrial, and mine sites. The research on dietary Se's effects on fish immune system and growth can provide knowledge regarding fish health, fish farming strategies, and the health of aquatic ecosystems, promoting the feed industry and sustainable aquaculture. This review provides data and references from various research studies on managing Se levels in aquatic ecosystems, promoting fish conservation, and utilizing Se in farmed fish diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intestinal microbiota plays an important role in promoting digestion, metabolism, and immunity. Intestinal microbiota and fatty acids are important indicators to evaluate the health and nutritional composition of Procambarus clarkii. They have been shown to be strongly influence by environmental and genetic factors. However, it is not clear whether environmental factors have a greater impact on the intestinal microbiota and fatty acid composition of crayfish. The link between the intestinal microbial communities and fatty acid (FA) compositions of red swamp crayfish from different geographical has not yet been studied. Thus, the current paper focuses on the influence of different environments on the fatty acids in muscles of crayfish and the possible existence between gut microbiota and fatty acids. Therefore, in this study, we compared the fatty acid compositions and intestinal microbiota of five crayfish populations from different geographical locations. The results were further analyzed to determine whether there is a relationship between geographical location, fatty acid compositions and intestinal microbiota. The gut microbial communities of the crayfish populations were characterized using 16S rRNA high-throughput gene sequencing. The results showed that there were significant differences in FA compositions of crayfish populations from different geographical locations. A similar trend was observed in the gut microbiome, which also varied significantly according to geographic location. Interestingly, the analysis revealed that there was a relationship between fatty acid compositions and intestinal microbes, revealed by alpha diversity analysis and cluster analysis. However, further studies of the interactions between the P. clarkii gut microbiota and biochemical composition are needed, which will ultimately reveal the complexity of microbial ecosystems with potential applications in aquaculture and species conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural language understanding (NLU) has two core tasks: intent classification and slot filling. The success of pre-training language models resulted in a significant breakthrough in the two tasks. The architecture based on autoencoding (BERT-based model) can optimize the two tasks jointly. However, we note that BERT-based models convert each complex token into multiple sub-tokens by the Wordpiece algorithm, which generates an out-of-alignment between the length of the tokens and the labels. This leads to BERT-based models not performing well in label prediction, limiting model performance improvement. Many existing models can address this issue, but some hidden semantic information is discarded during fine-tuning. We addressed the problem by introducing a novel joint method on top of BERT. This method explicitly models multiple sub-token features after the Wordpiece tokenization, contributing to both tasks. Our proposed method effectively extracts contextual features from complex tokens using the Sub-words Attention Adapter (SAA), preserving overall utterance information. Additionally, we propose an Intent Attention Adapter (IAA) to acquire comprehensive sentence features, assisting users in predicting intent. Experimental results confirm that our proposed model exhibits significant improvements on two public benchmark datasets. Specifically, the slot-filling F1 score improves from 96.5 to 98.2 (an absolute increase of 1.7%) on the Airline Travel Information Systems (ATIS) dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keyphrase provides accurate information of document content that is highly compact, concise, full of meanings, and widely used for discourse comprehension, organization, and text retrieval. Though previous studies have made substantial efforts for automated keyphrase extraction and generation, surprisingly, few studies have been made for KeyPhrase Expansion. This task aims to add more keyphrases for documents (e.g. scientific publications) via taking advantage of document content along with a very limited number of known keyphrases, which can widely be used to improve the keyphrases-involved NLP tasks. In this paper, we introduce a novel problem concerning KeyPhrase Expansion and propose a novel keyphrase expansion method with an encoder–decoder framework. We name it Deep KeyPhrase Expansion (DKPE) since it attempts to capture the deep semantic meaning of the document content together with known keyphrases via a deep learning framework. Specifically, the encoder and the decoder in DKPE play different roles to make full use of the known keyphrases. The former considers the keyphrase-guiding factors, which aggregates information of known keyphrases into context. On the contrary, the latter considers the keyphrase-inhibited factor to inhibit semantically repeated keyphrase generation. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotic resistance disseminating from animals and their environments is a public issue that poses significant threats to human health. In the present study, the diversity and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in 15 samples from the guts and related aquaculture environments (water and sediment) of shrimp were investigated. In total, 60 ARGs, 102 ARGs and 67 ARGs primarily belonging to 13, 15 and 15 different types were detected in the shrimp gut, pond water and sediment samples, respectively. Efflux pump and target modification were the predominant resistance mechanisms in all samples. It was found that Aeromonas , Yersinia and Clostridium XlVb were significantly correlated with the distribution of the ARGs. Besides, the relative abundance of ARGs was positively correlated with the levels of mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Moreover, variation partitioning analysis showed that MGEs, contributing to 74.46% of the resistome variation, played an important role in the affecting of the antibiotic resistome than the bacterial communities and their joint effects. Collectively, this study provides comprehensive information to better understand the ARG dissemination in aquaculture environments and to improve the ecological management of aquatic ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• miR-184 can regulate expression of the IAG gene. • List of DEGs involved in sex, growth, and metabolism. • qRT-PCR validation results of eight selected DEGs identified by RNA-Seq. The insulin-like androgenic gland hormone gene (IAG) of crustaceans plays pivotal roles in the regulation of sex differentiation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short, non-coding RNAs that function as post-transcriptional gene regulators. However, little information about the regulatory relationship between miRNA and Macrobrachium rosenbergii IAG (MrIAG) were exposed. In this study, we used the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of MrIAG to predict potential target sites of miRNAs. The results showed that miR-184 has one target site in the 3′UTR of MrIAG. Dual-luciferase report assay in vitro confirmed that miR-184 can significantly down-regulate MrIAG expression. Besides, we constructed mutant plasmids of 3′UTR of MrIAG. The result displayed that after co-transfection of mutant plasmids and miR-184 agomir, the activity of luciferase was not affected compared to the control. These results indicated that miR-184 could directly regulate MrIAG. In addition, we found that overexpression of miR-184 in M. rosenbergii can lead to significant changes in the transcription level of genes. Compared with control group, we identified 1510 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the miR-184 injection group. Some DEGs were involved in sex differentiation, gonad development, growth and molting were found. qRT-PCR verification was performed on eight DEGs randomly, and the results showed that the expression level of sex-, growth-, and metabolism-related genes changed significantly after MrIAG gene knockdown. Collectively, findings from this study suggest that miR-184, by mediating IAG expression, may be involved in many physiological processes in M. rosenbergii. The current study lays a basic understanding for short-term silencing of MrIAG with miR-184, and facilitates miRNA function analysis in M. rosenbergii in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green liver syndrome and hepatic steatosis, named "hepatobiliary syndrome" (HBS) in China, was found to appear in fish fed diets with high levels of plant ingredients. Plant ingredients are rich in non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs), and this study was conducted to explore the induction of NSPs on HBS with yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco , as a model fish. Pectin, an important soluble NSP in plant feedstuffs, was included in diets at 0 (FM), 10 g kg−1 (PEC1), 50 g kg−1 (PEC5), 150 g kg−1 (PEC15), and 300 g kg−1 (PEC30), respectively. Fish with an initial mean weight of 9.65 ± 0.08 g were fed the above diets for 56 days. Interval sampling was conducted at 2, 7, 14, 28, and 56 days in fish fed the PEC30 and FM diets. The results showed that in fish fed PEC30 diet, green liver syndrome occurred after 2 days and peaked after 7 days, when the tosstal bile acids (TBA) in the serum and liver were 80 and 3 times higher, respectively, than in fish fed the FM diet. The green liver syndrome was not observed after 28 and 56 days, and the color of the bile became light after 28 days and colorless after 56 days. The expression of LXRa , CYP7A1 , and NTCP was upregulated, and CYP8B1 was downregulated in the liver after 7 days, and all these genes were expressed weakly and had much lower expression levels than in fish fed the FM diet after 56 days (P < 0.05). Obvious diffuse adipose degeneration and fibrosis of hepatocytes were observed after 56 days. After 56 days of feeding, the total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, total protein, albumin and seroglobulin were decreased with increasing dietary pectin. However, indirect bilirubin and TBA were the highest in fish fed the PEC15 and PEC5 diets, respectively. In addition, green liver syndrome and cholestasis were also observed in fish fed PEC5 and PEC15 diets for 56 days. These results suggested that the nutritional stress of pectin was dose- and time-dependent. Short-term stress induced hypersynthesis of bile acids and then cholestasis, and chronic stress induced hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in yellow catfish. Soluble NSPs are likely the cause of fish HBS. • Antinutritional effect of dietary pectin was studied in yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. • Short-term stress of dietary pectin induces cholestasis, and chronic stress induces hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. • Dietary pectin disturbed the synthesis of bile acids. • The effect of dietary pectin was time- and dose-dependent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]