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Subdural abscesses are located between the dura mater and the subarachnoid space， which are primarily caused by Staphylococci and Streptococci， etc. Subdural abscesses caused by Salmonella Typhi are extremely rare. In this article， a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome （AIDS） presented with a subdural abscess with fever and headache. Blood culture and next-generation sequencing （NGS） of cerebrospinal fluid were indicative of Salmonella Typhi infection. He was treated with sensitive antibiotics based on drug sensitivity testing combined with surgical drainage， and Salmonella Typhi was cultured in the drainage sample. During 4-month postoperative follow-up， relevant symptoms were mitigated and imaging examination results were normal. This case prompts that intracranial infection caused by Salmonella Typhi is extremely rare， which can occur in immunocompromised population. Blood culture， pus culture and NGS are of significant value in differential diagnosis of Salmonella Typhi infection. After the diagnosis is confirmed， sensitive antibiotics combined with surgical treatment can achieve high efficacy.

为选择适宜的云南核桃油提取工艺，以云南主栽品种核桃为原料，分别采用液压压榨法、螺旋压榨法、水剂法制备核桃油，对比3种制油方式所得核桃油的理化指标、功能活性成分，并对比分析水剂法提取的3个云南主栽品种‘漾泡’‘三台’‘细香’核桃油与6个市售核桃油的功能活性成分。结果表明：水剂法、液压压榨法和螺旋压榨法核桃油的酸值、过氧化值、碘值、皂化值、水分及挥发物含量、脂肪酸组成及含量均符合国标要求；水剂法核桃油的α-生育酚、γ-生育酚、角鲨烯、 β-谷甾醇含量均高于液压压榨法和螺旋压榨法核桃油的；水剂法核桃油的α-生育酚、γ-生育酚、角鲨烯、 β-谷甾醇、褪黑素、 β-胡萝卜素含量均显著高于市售核桃油的。水剂法可得到品质较好、功能活性成分含量较高的核桃油，可用于云南主栽品种核桃油的提取。To select the appropriate extraction process of Yunnan walnut oil,with the main cultivars of walnut in Yunnan as raw materials, walnut oil was prepared by hydraulic pressing, screw pressing and aqueous method respectively, and the physicochemical indexes and functional active ingredients of walnut oil obtained by three oil production methods were compared. The functional active ingredients of walnut oil extracted by aqueous method from three main cultivars ‘Yangpao’‘Santai’ ‘Xixiang’ in Yunnan were compared with six commercial walnut oils. The results showed that the acid value, peroxide value, iodine value, saponification value, moisture and volatile matter content and fatty acid composition and content of the walnut oils extracted by aqueous method, hydraulic pressing and screw pressing were all in line with the requirements of the national standard. The contents of α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, squalene and β-sitosterol in walnut oil obtained by aqueous method were significantly higher than those in hydraulic pressed and screw pressed oils. The contents of α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, squalene, β-sitosterol, melatonin and β-carotene in walnut oil obtained by aqueous method were significantly higher than those in commercial walnut oils. Walnut oil with good quality and high functional active ingredients content can be obtained by aqueous method, and aqueous method can be used for the extraction of walnut oil from main cultivars in Yunnan.

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria （NTM） are opportunistic pathogens that often infect the immunosuppressed individuals. NTM osteomyelitis is a rare disease， mostly as part of disseminated infection. In this article， the diagnosis and treatment of an AIDS patient complicated with NTM osteomyelitis of the lower tibia were reported. The 40-year-old female patient was admitted due to the left ankle pain during antiretroviral therapy. According to blood culture test and imaging examination， the patient was diagnosed with Talaromyces marneffei osteomyelitis before surgery. Postoperative pus culture was positive for NTM. She was pathologically diagnosed with NTM osteomyelitis. After multiple cycles of surgical treatments and more than 1 year of postoperative follow-up， the patient was physically stable. The diagnosis and treatment of this case prompt that the diagnosis of NTM osteomyelitis should be considered for AIDS patients presenting with rapidly-progressive osteomyelitis. The diagnosis depends on the culture of pathogens. Prompt surgical debridement and anti-NTM treatment based on drug sensitivity test are of significance for clinical prognosis.

Increasing private car ownership has congested urban roads and made parking more difficult, especially during the morning commute. Carpooling offers a new way to address these problems. This paper studies the dynamic departure patterns for both regular and carpooling vehicles with parking space constraints in the morning commute without the carpool lane. The results suggest that as the parking fee of the central cluster increases, the earliest time for the two types of vehicles to enter the central cluster is delayed. The increase in the proportion of regular vehicles delays the earliest time for carpooling vehicles to enter the central cluster. More commuters sharing a vehicle in the morning commute is not necessarily better. Only a reasonable level of carpooling can reduce the peak time and unnecessary time consumption on the road and effectively promote the reduction in parking fees, commuters' travel costs, and other societal transportation costs. This research gives practical guidance and suggestions on formulating a reasonable parking fee and controlling a reasonable carpooling level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Data are currently lacking regarding perioperative stroke recurrence in hip fracture patients with previous stroke. We aimed to analyze the incidence and risk factors of perioperative stroke recurrence in elderly patients with previous stroke who underwent hip fracture surgery. Methods: We used 2019 and 2020 data from the United States National Inpatient Sample database. We identified elderly patients with previous ischemic stroke who had undergone hip fracture surgery to analyze the incidence of stroke recurrence. A 1:4 propensity score matching was used to balance confounding factors related to demographic data and matched the control group with the stroke recurrence group. Risk factors for stroke recurrence were determined using univariate and multivariate logistic analysis. Results: The incidence of perioperative stroke recurrence in elderly patients with previous stroke who underwent hip fracture surgery was 5.7% (51/882). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that intertrochanteric fracture (odds ratio 2.24, 95% confidence interval 1.14–4.57; p = 0.021), hypertension (odds ratio 2.49, 95% confidence interval 1.26–5.02; p = 0.009), and postoperative pneumonia (odds ratio 4.35, 95% confidence interval 1.59–11.82; p = 0.004) were independently associated with stroke recurrence. Conclusions: The perioperative stroke recurrence rate in elderly hip fracture patients with previous stroke was 5.7%. Intertrochanteric fracture, hypertension, and postoperative pneumonia were identified as factors significantly associated with stroke recurrence in this study. Adequate systemic support post-fracture, effective blood pressure management, and proactive infection prevention may help reduce stroke recurrence, especially in patients with intertrochanteric fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with age. A wealth of evidence indicates that the amyloid β (Aβ) aggregates result from dyshomeostasis between Aβ production and clearance, which plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of AD. Consequently, therapies targeting Aβ reduction represent a promising strategy for AD intervention. Tetramethylpyrazine nitrone (TBN) is a novel tetramethylpyrazine derivative with potential for the treatment of AD. Previously, we demonstrated that TBN markedly enhanced cognitive functions and decreased the levels of Aβ, APP, BACE 1, and hyperphosphorylated tau in 3×Tg-AD mice. However, the mechanism by which TBN inhibits Aβ deposition is still unclear. In this study, we employed APP/PS1 mice treated with TBN (60 mg/kg, ig, bid) for six months, and N2a/APP695swe cells treated with TBN (300 μM) to explore the mechanism of TBN in Aβ reduction. Our results indicate that TBN significantly alleviated cognitive impairment and reduced Aβ deposition in APP/PS1 mice. Further investigation of the underlying mechanisms revealed that TBN decreased the expression of APP and BACE1, activated the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 autophagy pathway, inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/ULK1 autophagy pathway, and decreased the phosphorylation levels of JNK and ERK in APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, TBN was found to significantly reduce the mRNA levels of APP and BACE1, as well as those of SP1, CTCF, TGF-β, and NF-κB, transcription factors involved in regulating gene expression. Additionally, TBN was observed to decrease the level of miR-346 and increase the levels of miR-147 and miR-106a in the N2a/APP695swe cells. These findings indicate that TBN may reduce Aβ levels likely by reducing APP expression by regulating APP gene transcriptional factors and miRNAs, reducing BACE1 expression, and promoting autophagy activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]