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Salbutamol is aβ-agonist which is strictly prohibited in food production. Designing a rapid immunoassay detection method is essential for effective supervision, and synthesis of antigen is the key to successful antibody production. In this study, a new method of synthesising immunogen and coating antigen for ELISA was established, using methanal as a linker to connect salbutamol sulphate with the carrier proteins bovine serum albumin and ovalbumin. The conjugates were identified through UV spectrophotometry and SDS–PAGE, and the amino groups in proteins were measured using 2,4,6,-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid. Immunisation of rabbits with immunogen produced a polyclonal antibody with high sensitivity and specificity. Indirect and competitive indirect ELISAs were used to determine antibody titre and IC50, which were 1,280,000 and 0.736 ng mL−1, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Haploid breeding can shorten the breeding process and improve the breeding efficiency. Currently, in vivo haploid induction technology has been commonly used in maize (Zea mays L.). This paper briefly introduced in vivo haploid induction technologies, summarized doubling methods of maize haploids and described the significance and application of maize haploids, which provided the basis for further development of haploid breeding in maize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumour self-seeding by circulating tumour cells (CTCs) enhances tumour progression and recurrence. Previously, we demonstrated that tumour self-seeding by CTCs occurs in osteosarcoma and revealed that interleukin-6 (IL-6) may promote CTC attraction. Here, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of IL-6 in tumour self-seeding by CTCs. IL-6 suppression inhibited in vitro cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In addition, rhIL-6 activated the Janus-activated kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (JAK/STAT3) and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular-signal regulated kinase1/2 (MAPK/ERK1/2) pathways in vitro. Both pathways increased cell proliferation, but only the JAK/STAT3 pathway promoted migration. Suppressing IL-6 inhibited in vivo tumour growth and metastasis. IL-6 suppression or JAK/STAT3 pathway inhibition reduced CTC seeding in primary tumours. Collectively, IL-6 promotes tumour self-seeding by CTCs in a nude mouse model. This finding may provide a novel strategy for future therapeutic interventions to prevent osteosarcoma progression and recurrence.