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Hard carbons are promising anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries. To meet practical requirements, searching for durable and conductive carbon with a stable interface is of great importance. Here, we prepare a series of vanadium‐modified hard carbon submicrospheres by using hydrothermal carbonization followed by high‐temperature pyrolysis. Significantly, the introduction of vanadium can facilitate the nucleation and uniform growth of carbon spheres and generate abundant V–O–C interface bonds, thus optimizing the reaction kinetic. Meanwhile, the optimized hard carbon spheres modified by vanadium carbide, with sufficient pseudographitic domains, provide more active sites for Na ion migration and storage. As a result, the HC/VC‐1300 electrode exhibits excellent Na storage performance, including a high capacity of 420 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 and good rate capability at 1 A g−1. This study proposes a new strategy for the synthesis of hard carbon spheres with high tap density and emphasizes the key role of pseudographitic structure for Na storage and interface stabilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photosensitive resins with ultralow viscosity suitable for the silicone‐based elastomers by 3D printing were reported. Based on the facile one‐pot strategy which involved photo‐polymerization of hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) and sol–gel transition process of methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS), silicone‐based elastomers with tunable mechanical properties could be obtained by adjusting the ratio of HEA and MTMS as needed. Due to the physically cross‐linked network formed by hydrogen bonds between hydroxyl group of polyhydroxypropyl acrylate (PHEA) and the chemically cross‐linked network formed by MTMS, the stress and strain of printed elastomers reached 3.75 MPa and 205% respectively demonstrating its performance has reached the average level of already reported photo‐curable elastomers. The photosensitive resins with high curing rate and low viscosity are suitable for 3D printing technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In most studies, market economy and civic engagement are often considered helpful to the building of generalized trust, while " Guanxi" hinders trust formation. In contemporary China, when the development of the market economy is promoting the utilization of " Guanxi" and social participation is still expanding along relational routes, can such social participation produce generalized trust? With the CGSS2005 data, I used the structural equation modeling and multilevel linear modeling to analyze how multilevel interactions of market economy, civic engagement, and relationism-espoused trust impacted generalized trust. The core variables were operational as follows: Market economy was measured by the provincial marketization index and civic engagement was measured by the residents' participation frequencies in sports and exercising, cultural entertainment, social outings and education, and charity events. Relationism-espoused trust included three types: kinship-based trust, proximity-based trust (e. g. ,trust for neighborhood) , and people-based trust (e. g. , trust for fellow students, colleagues, and friends). The analysis yielded the following results: (1) relationism-espoused trust, with kinship-based trust as its core, had negative effects on generalized trust; (2) when members of an organization based their trust onrelationism, civic engagement had negative effects on generalized trust; and (3) the development of market economy improved generalized trust, but at the same time promoted utilization of " Guanxi," thus resulting in bidirectional, opposing effects of market economy on generalized trust in contemporary China. Therefore, economy development must facilitate civic engagement, and civic engagement must not only focus on increasing organizational connections but also pay attention to institutional support for the interactions among non-Guanxi-related members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]