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Via field investigation and data collection in the Longgang River basin, input data for SWAT watershed hydrological model were obtained. Sub-basin's boundary was calculated and divided by spatial analysis, and meteorological input conditions were used to drive example simulation, such as rainfall and temperature. Watershed database was established in the backend of server, and GIS resources were provided by issuing GIS service, and WebGIS platform was developed in front of the browser. Executive file was generated by compiling source file of SWAT model, and input file and parameter modification, model operation and calculation, and result extraction and transmission were conducted via PHP, to realize the coupling of SWAT model with WebGIS platform, and enhance display effects of model input conditions and simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public participation is an important part of watershed water environment management. Via public participation, it could enhance public environmental awareness, mobilize multiple forces to reconcile the conflicts among multiple interest groups, supervise corporate environmental behavior, and overcome the shortcomings of government unilateral decision-making. In this paper, the status quo of public participating in water environment control is summarized, and the existing problems of public participating in water environment control are analyzed. From the aspects of perfecting legal system, perfecting water environment information disclosure system, expanding information communication channels, correctly guiding the development of environmental social organization, playing the supervision role of the people's congress and political consultative committee, and enriching the forms of publicity and education, the countermeasures and suggestions of public participating in water environment control are pro-posed, to perfect public participation mechanism, and scientifically and orderly impel comprehensive treatment of water environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming to ascertain the groundwater pollution status in a southern city of China, shallow groundwater samples were collected, and 9 heavy metals Zn, Mn, Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, Ba, Be and Hg were tested to determine the contents and environmental controlling factors, and U. S. EPA assessment method was used to evaluate the human health risk through different exposure pathways. The results indicated that the contents of heavy metals in the groundwater of the study area were relatively low, Zn, Mn, Be, Cd and Pb were frequently detected in local groundwater and the rates of exceeding the groundwater quality standard of Mn and Be were larger than 5%, and most of the heavy metals showed negative correlation with groundwater pH. The average values of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk of heavy metals were lower than the threshold values, and ingestion was the major pathway that the residents were exposed to the risk. Mn, Pb and Cd were the most important heavy metals in local groundwater that should be well concerned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on plankton data at two sampling sites of subtidal zone of Shenzhen Bay during 2016--2017, temporal-spatial changes of species composition and quantity, dominant species, diversity index and evenness were analyzed. The results showed that eco-environment quality of plankton in Shenzhen Bay was in general level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Exhaled carbon monoxide (COex) level is positively associated with tobacco smoking and exposure to smoke from biomass/coal burning. Relatively little is known about its determinants in China despite the population having a high prevalence of smoking and use of biomass/coal.Methods: The China Kadoorie Biobank includes 512,000 participants aged 30-79 years recruited from 10 diverse regions. We used linear regression and logistic regression methods to assess the associations of COex level with smoking, exposures to indoor household air pollution and prevalent chronic respiratory conditions among never smokers, both overall and by seasons, regions and smoking status.Results: The overall COex level (ppm) was much higher in current smokers than in never smokers (men: 11.5 vs 3.7; women: 9.3 vs 3.2). Among current smokers, it was higher among those who smoked more and inhaled more deeply. Among never smokers, mean COex was positively associated with levels of exposures to passive smoking and to biomass/coal burning, especially in rural areas and during winter. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of air flow obstruction (FEV1/FVC ratio<0.7) for never smokers with COex at 7-14 and ≥14 ppm, compared with those having COex<7, were 1.38 (1.31-1.45) and 1.65 (1.52-1.80), respectively (Ptrend<0.001). Prevalence of other self-reported chronic respiratory conditions was also higher among people with elevated COex (P<0.05).Conclusion: In adult Chinese, COex can be used as a biomarker for assessing current smoking and overall exposure to indoor household air pollution in combination with questionnaires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite the great burden of chronic respiratory diseases in China, few large multicentre, spirometry-based studies have examined its prevalence, rate of underdiagnosis regionally or the relevance of socioeconomic and lifestyle factors., Methods: We analysed data from 512 891 adults in the China Kadoorie Biobank, recruited from 10 diverse regions of China during 2004-2008. Air flow obstruction (AFO) was defined by the lower limit of normal criteria based on spirometry-measured lung function. The prevalence of AFO was analysed by region, age, socioeconomic status, body mass index (BMI) and smoking history and compared with the prevalence of self-reported physician-diagnosed chronic bronchitis or emphysema (CB/E) and its symptoms., Findings: The prevalence of AFO was 7.3% in men (range 2.5-18.2%) and 6.4% in women (1.5-18.5%). Higher prevalence of AFO was associated with older age (p<0.0001), lower income (p<0.0001), poor education (p<0.001), living in rural regions (p<0.001), those who started smoking before the age of 20 years (p<0.001) and low BMI (p<0.001). Compared with self-reported diagnosis of CB/E, 88.8% of AFO was underdiagnosed; underdiagnosis proportion was highest in 30-39-year olds (96.7%) compared with the 70+ age group (81.1%), in women (90.7%), in urban areas (89.4%), in people earning 5K-10 K ¥ monthly (90.3%) and in those with middle or high school education (92.6%)., Interpretation: In China, the burden of AFO based on spirometry was high and significantly greater than that estimated based on self-reported physician-diagnosed CB/E, especially in rural areas, reflecting major issues with diagnosis of AFO that will impact disease treatment and management.