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The use of humanoid robots has surged in recent decades. However, the nonverbal features in shaping robot personalities remain underexplored. This study investigates how nonverbal cues (including textual and gestural elements) can generate a spectrum of robot personality traits (introvert, ambivert, and extrovert) and evaluates their impact on users' cognitive perceptions. Textual manipulations involved three iterations, adjusting word count, information structure, and visual effects. Gestural designs underwent two iterations, altering movement frequency, speed, and size. Multiple empirical studies were conducted to assess the development of robot personality traits and their effects. The results confirm the effectiveness of these nonverbal approaches in characterizing diverse robot personalities and significantly influencing users' cognitive framing. This research provides valuable design guidelines for leveraging a humanoid robot's nonverbal features to create a variety of personality traits. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering a spectrum of robot personalities rather than focusing solely on extreme traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to identify the recessive diseases currently affecting real‐world pediatric patients in Taiwan, and whether current extended carrier screening panels have the coverage and detective power to identify the pathogenic variants in the carrier parents. Methods: A total of 132 trio‐samples were collected from May 2017 to March 2022. The participants were parents of pediatric intensive care unit patients who were critically ill or infants with abnormal newborn screening results. A retrospective carrier screening scheme was applied to analyze only the carrier status of pathogenic or likely pathogenic recessive variants resulting in diseases in their children. The recessive disorders diagnosed in our cohort were compared with the gene content in commercial panels. Results: Mutations in COQ4, PEX1, OTC, and IKBKG were the most frequently identified. In the parents of 44 children with confirmed diagnoses of recessive diseases, 47 (53.40%) screened positive for being the carriers of the same recessive disorders diagnosed in their children. The commercial panels covered 35.13% to 54.05% of the disorders diagnosed in this cohort. Conclusion: Clinicians and genetic counselors should be aware of the limitations of current extended carrier screening and interpret negative screening results with caution. Future panels should also consider genes with ethnically unique mutations such as pathogenic variants of the COQ4 gene in the East Asian population. Synopsis: The design of carrier screening panels still needs to take into consideration ethnic uniqueness or founder mutations in the targeted population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To determine the comparative efficacy of developmental care versus standard care for reducing pain and stress in preterm infants during examinations for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Background: ROP examinations are routinely performed in neonatal intensive care units to detect these lesions. Pain scores recorded during and after eye examinations have revealed physiological and behavioural manifestations of pain and stress. Design: A randomised crossover trial was conducted. Methods: Fourteen preterm infants were evaluated. The modified developmental care bundle included environmental modifications, positioning and containment, oxygen supplementation, interaction and approach and cue‐based individual care, which were applied before, during and after the ROP examination. The primary outcomes were obtained from pain and stress scores using the premature infant pain profile‐revised (PIPP‐R) and a behavioural evaluation. The secondary outcomes were recovery time to the baseline of the vital signs and oxygen saturation. Results: Statistical significances were found in the care type comparison (p = 0.013), time comparison (p < 0.001) and type‐by‐time interaction (p = 0.005) in the PIPP‐R, and also in the care type comparison (p < 0.001), time comparison (p < 0.001) and type‐by‐time interaction (p = 0.001) in the behavioural evaluation scores using a generalised estimating equation (GEE) analysis. Recovery time for the developmental care (N = 13, mean = 8.6 ± 11.5 min, 95% CI = 1.68–15.57) was significantly shorter than for the standard care (N = 11, mean = 25.5 ± 20.8 min, 95% CI = 11.45–39.46), which was found to be statistically significant according to the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test (N = 11, p = 0.003). Conclusions: A bundled developmental care intervention significantly reduced pain and stress responses and the time needed for infants to recover their physiological status following the procedure. Relevance to clinical practice: Since the results show the benefits of developmental care in an ROP examination, it can be the practical evidence basis by which to develop a standard of procedure or guideline for clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biomedical technology related to prenatal screen/diagnosis has developed rapidly in recent decades. Many prenatal genetic examinations are now available to assist pregnant women to better understand the status and development of their fetus. Moreover, many commercial advertisements for innovative prenatal examinations are now shown in the media. Cell-free DNA Screening (cfDNA screening), a non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) procedure, is a safe and high accuracy test that may be done at an earlier gestational age to screen for fetal aneuploidy. The following questions should be considered when applying cfDNA screening in clinical practice: 1. what is cfDNA screening, 2. who are its potential users, and 3. what ethical and policy considerations are associated with this examination? This article provides relevant information, clinical practice guidelines, and ethical / policy considerations related to cfDNA screening. Discussing cases involving different clinical situations helps promote understanding of cfDNA screening and maternal-care quality.

Background: Developmental care has been broadly applied to identify the behavioral cues and care needs of preterm infants. Past studies indicate a significantly higher level of physical distress in bottle-fed preterm infants than in preterm infants who are breastfed. However, no evidence has yet been reported that supports the influence of feeding methods on behavioral cues., Purpose: This study compares differences in the type and frequency of behavioral cues between breast- and bottle-fed preterm infants., Methods: A comparison study design and secondary data analysis method were used to assess data from two previous research projects. Infant feeding behavioral cues were observed and compared between two groups: 7 preterm infants who were breastfed and 7 preterm infants who were bottle-fed. After cases were matched by infant gestational age, behavioral responses were coded according to the preterm feeding cues coding system (PFCCS) from 7 paired maternal-infant feeding videos that featured preterm infants of 25 to 32 weeks gestational age at birth., Results: The PFCCS classifies 24 feeding behavioral cues into hunger cues, self-regulatory cues, stress cues, and satiety cues. Infants in the breastfeeding group had a higher hunger cue frequency than their bottle-fed peers (p = .013), while bottle-fed infants had a higher stress cue frequency than their breastfed peers (p = .041). Other significant differences in behavioral cues between the two feeding methods included "fluid spillage" (bottle- >breast-, p = .008), "central cyanosis" (bottle- >breast-, p = .024) and "hand pushing" (breast- >bottle-, p = .034)., Conclusions/implications for Practice: Preterm infants in this study who breastfed showed significantly fewer stress cues than those who bottle fed. These findings support the importance of enhancing care provider sensitivity with regard to behavioral-cue observation. Findings further support breastfeeding rather than bottle-feeding for preterm infants.