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Filtration control is important to ensure safe and high efficient drilling. The aim of the current research is to explore the feasibility of using basil seed powders (BSPs) to reduce filtration loss in water-based drilling fluid. The effect of BSP concentration, thermal aging temperature, inorganic salts (NaCl and CaCl2) on the filtration properties of bentonite/basil suspensions was investigated. The filtration control mechanism of BSP was probed via water absorbency test, zeta potential measurement, particle size distribution measurement, and filter cake morphologies observation by scanning electron microscope. The incorporation of BSPs into the bentonite suspension generated acceptable rheology below 1.0 w/v%. The BSPs exhibited effective filtration control after thermal aging at 120 °C, but less efficiency at 150 °C. After thermal aging at 120 °C, the bentonite suspension containing 1.0 w/v% BSPs could resist NaCl and CaCl2 pollution of 5.0 w/v% and 0.3 w/v% respectively. Besides general filtration control behaviors, the exceptional water retaining capability formed by numerous nanoscale 3D networks in the basil seed gum and considerable insoluble small particles in BSPs might further contribute to the filtration control. The excellent filtration properties bring basil seed a suitable and green candidate for the establishment of high-performance drilling fluids.

Basil seed, containing anionic heteropolysaccharides in its outer pericarp, swells as gelatinous hydrocolloid when soaked in water. In this study, basil seed powder (BSP) was used as a multifunctional additive for water-based drilling fluids. The chemical composition, water absorbency, rheological properties of aqueous suspension of BSP were tested. The effect of BSP on the rheological and filtration of bentonite-based drilling fluid before and after thermal aging was investigated. The inhibition characteristics were evaluated by linear swelling, shale cuttings dispersion and shale immersion test. Lubricity improvement by BSP was measured with extreme pressure lubricity test. The results revealed that incorporation of BSP into bentonite suspension improved rheological and filtration properties effectively after thermal aging of 120 °C. BSP exhibited superior inhibitive capacity to xanthan and synergistic effect with KCl. BSP could reduce friction by forming hydration layer. The nanoscale three-dimensional network structures enable BSP to maintain high water retention and absorb strongly on bentonite and metal surface, contributing to enhanced rheology, filtration, inhibition and lubrication properties. The versatile characteristic of BSP, as well as biodegradation makes it a promising additive using in high performance water-based drilling fluid and a potential alternative to conventional synthetic polymers.

Rationale: Primary malignant mixed mullerian tumors of the fallopian tube is very rare and has only 1 case in the current literature with cervix metastasis. Patient concerns: We reported a 49-year-old woman sufferring from primary malignant mixed mullerian tumors of the fallopian tube with cervix metastasis, and the imaging examination found a strip of solid mass in the right fallopian tube and a nodular mass in cervical canal, which were both hyperintense on T2 weighted image (T2WI) and diffusion weighted image (DWI) and continuous moderate enhancement on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). Diagnoses: The diagnosis was confirmed according to the specific anatomical location and pathological examination which was proved as primary malignant mixed mullerian tumors of the fallopian tube with cervix metastasis. Interventions: The patient underwent radical hysterctomy, bilateral adnexectomy, pelvic lymph node dissection, omentum majus excision and intravenous chemotherapy. Outcomes: Her posttreatment condition was good. Lessons: Primary malignant mixed mullerian tumors of the fallopian tube can be located by magnetic resonance image examination, which may also offer several diagnostic tips according to changes in signal and enhancement. When combined with pathological findings, qualitative diagnosis can be determined. Surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy are considered as effective methods. Our paper discussed its epidemiology, clinical symptoms, pathologic characters, therapeutic method as well as magnetic resonance imaging findings suggesting the diagnosis and differential diagnosis, including precontrast scan, contrast scan and diffusion weighted image and provided magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of primary malignant mixed mullerian tumors of the fallopian tube described in other literatures.