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1. Lineage-tracing hematopoietic stem cell origins in vivo to efficiently make human HLF+ HOXA+ hematopoietic progenitors from pluripotent stem cells

Author

Fowler, Jonas L, Zheng, Sherry Li, Nguyen, Alana, Chen, Angela, Xiong, Xiaochen, Chai, Timothy, Chen, Julie Y, Karigane, Daiki, Banuelos, Allison M, Niizuma, Kouta, Kayamori, Kensuke, Nishimura, Toshinobu, Cromer, M Kyle, Gonzalez-Perez, David, Mason, Charlotte, Liu, Daniel Dan, Yilmaz, Leyla, Miquerol, Lucile, Porteus, Matthew H, Luca, Vincent C, Majeti, Ravindra, Nakauchi, Hiromitsu, Red-Horse, Kristy, Weissman, Irving L, Ang, Lay Teng, and Loh, Kyle M

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biological Sciences, Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell - Human, Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Human, Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human, Transplantation, Hematology, Genetics, Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell, Stem Cell Research - Embryonic - Human, Underpinning research, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Blood, Animals, Humans, Mice, Cell Differentiation, Cell Lineage, Endothelial Cells, Hematopoiesis, Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Homeodomain Proteins, Pluripotent Stem Cells, Transcription Factors, Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors, artery, developmental biology, hematopoietic stem cell, human pluripotent stem cell differentiation, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology, Biochemistry and cell biology
Abstract

The developmental origin of blood-forming hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is a longstanding question. Here, our non-invasive genetic lineage tracing in mouse embryos pinpoints that artery endothelial cells generate HSCs. Arteries are transiently competent to generate HSCs for 2.5 days (∼E8.5-E11) but subsequently cease, delimiting a narrow time frame for HSC formation in vivo. Guided by the arterial origins of blood, we efficiently and rapidly differentiate human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into posterior primitive streak, lateral mesoderm, artery endothelium, hemogenic endothelium, and >90% pure hematopoietic progenitors within 10 days. hPSC-derived hematopoietic progenitors generate T, B, NK, erythroid, and myeloid cells in vitro and, critically, express hallmark HSC transcription factors HLF and HOXA5-HOXA10, which were previously challenging to upregulate. We differentiated hPSCs into highly enriched HLF+ HOXA+ hematopoietic progenitors with near-stoichiometric efficiency by blocking formation of unwanted lineages at each differentiation step. hPSC-derived HLF+ HOXA+ hematopoietic progenitors could avail both basic research and cellular therapies.

Published
2024

4. 'Do it my way!': Impact of Customizations on Trust perceptions in Human-Robot Collaboration

Author

Kapoor, Parv, Chu, Simon, and Chen, Angela

Subjects
Computer Science - Robotics, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control
Abstract

Trust has been shown to be a key factor in effective human-robot collaboration. In the context of assistive robotics, the effect of trust factors on human experience is further pronounced. Personalization of assistive robots is an orthogonal factor positively correlated with robot adoption and user perceptions. In this work, we investigate the relationship between these factors through a within-subjects study (N=17). We provide different levels of customization possibilities over baseline autonomous robot behavior and investigate its impact on trust. Our findings indicate that increased levels of customization was associated with higher trust and comfort perceptions. The assistive robot design process can benefit significantly from our insights for designing trustworthy and customized robots., Comment: 8 pages including references

Published
2023

5. Identifying low acuity Emergency Department visits with a machine learning approach: The low acuity visit algorithms (LAVA)

Author

Chen, Angela T., Kuzma, Richard S., and Friedman, Ari B.

Subjects
Hospitals -- Emergency service, Machine learning, Algorithms, Algorithm, Business, Health care industry, University of Pennsylvania
Abstract

Objective: To improve the performance of International Classification of Disease (ICD) code rule-based algorithms for identifying low acuity Emergency Department (ED) visits by using machine learning methods and additional covariates. Data Sources: We used secondary data on ED visits from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Survey (NHAMCS), from 2016 to 2020. Study Design: We established baseline performance metrics with seven published algorithms consisting of International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision codes used to identify low acuity ED visits. We then trained logistic regression, random forest, and gradient boosting (XGBoost) models to predict low acuity ED visits. Each model was trained on five different covariate sets of demographic and clinical data. Model performance was compared using a separate validation dataset. The primary performance metric was the probability that a visit identified by an algorithm as low acuity did not experience significant testing, treatment, or disposition (positive predictive value, PPV). Subgroup analyses assessed model performance across age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Data Collection: We used 2016-2019 NHAMCS data as the training set and 2020 NHAMCS data for validation. Principal Findings: The training and validation data consisted of 53,074 and 9542 observations, respectively. Among seven rule-based algorithms, the highest-performing had a PPV of 0.35 (95% CI [0.33, 0.36]). All model-based algorithms outperformed existing algorithms, with the least effective--random forest using only age and sex--improving PPV by 26% (up to 0.44; 95% CI [0.40, 0.48]). Logistic regression and XGBoost trained on all variables improved PPV by 83% (to 0.64; 95% CI [0.62, 0.66]). Multivariable models also demonstrated higher PPV across all three demographic subgroups. Conclusions: Machine learning models substantially outperform existing algorithms based on ICD codes in predicting low acuity ED visits. Variations in model performance across demographic groups highlight the need for further research to ensure their applicability and fairness across diverse populations. KEYWORDS algorithms, Emergency Department, ICD-10, low acuity, machine learning, predictive modeling, 1 | INTRODUCTION A substantial proportion of Emergency Department (ED) visits are thought to be potentially amenable to care in lower-priced settings. (1) In the absence of expansions in ED [...]

Published
2024
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6. Reinforcement Learning-based Optimal Control and Software Rejuvenation for Safe and Efficient UAV Navigation

Author

Chen, Angela, Mitsopoulos, Konstantinos, and Romagnoli, Raffaele

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control
Abstract

Unmanned autonomous vehicles (UAVs) rely on effective path planning and tracking control to accomplish complex tasks in various domains. Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods are becoming increasingly popular in control applications, as they can learn from data and deal with unmodelled dynamics. Cyber-physical systems (CPSs), such as UAVs, integrate sensing, network communication, control, and computation to solve challenging problems. In this context, Software Rejuvenation (SR) is a protection mechanism that refreshes the control software to mitigate cyber-attacks, but it can affect the tracking controller's performance due to discrepancies between the control software and the physical system state. Traditional approaches to mitigate this effect are conservative, hindering the overall system performance. In this paper, we propose a novel approach that incorporates Deep Reinforcement Learning (Deep RL) into SR to design a safe and high-performing tracking controller. Our approach optimizes safety and performance, and we demonstrate its effectiveness during UAV simulations. We compare our approach with traditional methods and show that it improves the system's performance while maintaining safety constraints.

Published
2023

7. Modular Superconducting Qubit Architecture with a Multi-chip Tunable Coupler

Author

Field, Mark, Chen, Angela Q., Scharmann, Ben, Sete, Eyob A., Oruc, Feyza, Vu, Kim, Kosenko, Valentin, Mutus, Joshua Y., Poletto, Stefano, and Bestwick, Andrew

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

We use a floating tunable coupler to mediate interactions between qubits on separate chips to build a modular architecture. We demonstrate three different designs of multi-chip tunable couplers using vacuum gap capacitors or superconducting indium bump bonds to connect the coupler to a microwave line on a common substrate and then connect to the qubit on the next chip. We show that the zero-coupling condition between qubits on separate chips can be achieved in each design and that the relaxation rates for the coupler and qubits are not noticeably affected by the extra circuit elements. Finally, we demonstrate two-qubit gate operations with fidelity at the same level as qubits with a tunable coupler on a single chip. Using one or more indium bonds does not degrade qubit coherence or impact the performance of two-qubit gates., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures; Added references, updated Table 1 to include extracted parameter values of Ej and Ec, added clarifying language to main text and the caption to Table 1

Published
2023
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11. DES Y3 cosmic shear down to small scales: constraints on cosmology and baryons

Author

Aricò, Giovanni, Angulo, Raul E., Zennaro, Matteo, Contreras, Sergio, Chen, Angela, and Hernández-Monteagudo, Carlos

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the first analysis of cosmic shear measured in DES Y3 that employs the entire range of angular scales in the data. To achieve this, we build upon recent advances in the theoretical modelling of weak lensing provided by a combination of $N$-body simulations, physical models of baryonic processes, and neural networks. Specifically, we use BACCOemu to model the linear and nonlinear matter power spectrum including baryonic physics, allowing us to robustly exploit scales smaller than those used by the DES Collaboration. We show that the additional data produce cosmological parameters that are tighter but consistent with those obtained from larger scales, while also constraining the distribution of baryons. In particular, we measure the mass scale at which haloes have lost half of their gas, $\log\,M_{\rm c}=14.38^{+0.60}_{-0.56}\log(h^{-1}{\rm M_{ \odot}})$, and a parameter that quantifies the weighted amplitudes of the present-day matter inhomogeneities, $S_8=0.799^{+0.023}_{-0.015}$. Our constraint on $S_8$ is statistically compatible with that inferred from the Planck satellite's data at the $0.9\sigma$ level. We find instead a $1.4\sigma$ shift in comparison to that from the official DES Y3 cosmic shear, because of different choices in the modelling of intrinsic alignment, non-linearities, baryons, and lensing shear ratios. We conclude that small scales in cosmic shear data contain valuable astrophysical and cosmological information and thus should be included in standard analyses., Comment: Accepted for publication on A&A

Published
2023
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12. Generalized Unruh effect: A potential resolution to the black hole information paradox

Author

Chen, Angela

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

We generalize the vacuum-Unruh effect to arbitrary excited states in the Fock space and find that the Unruh mode at the horizon induces coherent excitation on the canonical background ensemble measured by an accelerated observer. When there is only one type of Unruh mode in the system, for example, the ones outgoing from a black hole horizon, the mapping from an arbitrary density matrix on the maximal foliation to a vector space spanned by the pseudo-thermal density matrix on the partitioned spacetime wedge is one-to-one. Hence we propose that the information of the particles that are inside a collapsing shell, thus inside the asymptotic black hole horizon is at least partially retrievable by measuring the deviation of the Hawking radiation from the black body radiation spectrum. This work shows that the long-standing black hole information confusion might come from overlooking the possibility that the information could be preserved much better than we have expected in a seemingly non-unitary process when the partitions of the system are strongly entangled., Comment: 27 pages, 6 figures, accepted by PRD

Published
2023
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13. GAS-NeXt: Few-Shot Cross-Lingual Font Generator

Author

He, Haoyang, Jin, Xin, and Chen, Angela

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Machine Learning, I.3.3
Abstract

Generating new fonts is a time-consuming and labor-intensive task, especially in a language with a huge amount of characters like Chinese. Various deep learning models have demonstrated the ability to efficiently generate new fonts with a few reference characters of that style, but few models support cross-lingual font generation. This paper presents GAS-NeXt, a novel few-shot cross-lingual font generator based on AGIS-Net and Font Translator GAN, and improve the performance metrics such as Fr\'echet Inception Distance (FID), Structural Similarity Index Measure(SSIM), and Pixel-level Accuracy (pix-acc). Our approaches include replacing the original encoder and decoder with the idea of layer attention and context-aware attention from Font Translator GAN, while utilizing the shape, texture, and local discriminators of AGIS-Net. In our experiment on English-to-Chinese font translation, we observed better results in fonts with distinct local features than conventional Chinese fonts compared to results obtained from Font Translator GAN. We also validate our method on multiple languages and datasets.

Published
2022

14. An atlas of lamina-associated chromatin across twelve human cell types reveals an intermediate chromatin subtype

Author

Shah, Parisha P, Keough, Kathleen C, Gjoni, Ketrin, Santini, Garrett T, Abdill, Richard J, Wickramasinghe, Nadeera M, Dundes, Carolyn E, Karnay, Ashley, Chen, Angela, Salomon, Rachel EA, Walsh, Patrick J, Nguyen, Son C, Whalen, Sean, Joyce, Eric F, Loh, Kyle M, Dubois, Nicole, Pollard, Katherine S, and Jain, Rajan

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Biological Sciences, Stem Cell Research, Genetics, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Underpinning research, Humans, Chromatin, Nuclear Lamina, Cell Nucleus, Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly, Cell Differentiation, Lamina-associated domains, Peripheral chromatin organization, 3D genome, Cellular differentiation, Environmental Sciences, Information and Computing Sciences, Bioinformatics
Abstract

BackgroundAssociation of chromatin with lamin proteins at the nuclear periphery has emerged as a potential mechanism to coordinate cell type-specific gene expression and maintain cellular identity via gene silencing. Unlike many histone modifications and chromatin-associated proteins, lamina-associated domains (LADs) are mapped genome-wide in relatively few genetically normal human cell types, which limits our understanding of the role peripheral chromatin plays in development and disease.ResultsTo address this gap, we map LAMIN B1 occupancy across twelve human cell types encompassing pluripotent stem cells, intermediate progenitors, and differentiated cells from all three germ layers. Integrative analyses of this atlas with gene expression and repressive histone modification maps reveal that lamina-associated chromatin in all twelve cell types is organized into at least two subtypes defined by differences in LAMIN B1 occupancy, gene expression, chromatin accessibility, transposable elements, replication timing, and radial positioning. Imaging of fluorescently labeled DNA in single cells validates these subtypes and shows radial positioning of LADs with higher LAMIN B1 occupancy and heterochromatic histone modifications primarily embedded within the lamina. In contrast, the second subtype of lamina-associated chromatin is relatively gene dense, accessible, dynamic across development, and positioned adjacent to the lamina. Most genes gain or lose LAMIN B1 occupancy consistent with cell types along developmental trajectories; however, we also identify examples where the enhancer, but not the gene body and promoter, changes LAD state.ConclusionsAltogether, this atlas represents the largest resource to date for peripheral chromatin organization studies and reveals an intermediate chromatin subtype.

Published
2023

16. Performance Evaluation and Acceleration of the QTensor Quantum Circuit Simulator on GPUs

Author

Lykov, Danylo, Chen, Angela, Chen, Huaxuan, Keipert, Kristopher, Zhang, Zheng, Gibbs, Tom, and Alexeev, Yuri

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Computer Science - Mathematical Software
Abstract

This work studies the porting and optimization of the tensor network simulator QTensor on GPUs, with the ultimate goal of simulating quantum circuits efficiently at scale on large GPU supercomputers. We implement NumPy, PyTorch, and CuPy backends and benchmark the codes to find the optimal allocation of tensor simulations to either a CPU or a GPU. We also present a dynamic mixed backend to achieve optimal performance. To demonstrate the performance, we simulate QAOA circuits for computing the MaxCut energy expectation. Our method achieves $176\times$ speedup on a GPU over the NumPy baseline on a CPU for the benchmarked QAOA circuits to solve MaxCut problem on a 3-regular graph of size 30 with depth $p=4$.

Published
2022
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17. Cosmology Intertwined: A Review of the Particle Physics, Astrophysics, and Cosmology Associated with the Cosmological Tensions and Anomalies

Author

Abdalla, Elcio, Abellán, Guillermo Franco, Aboubrahim, Amin, Agnello, Adriano, Akarsu, Ozgur, Akrami, Yashar, Alestas, George, Aloni, Daniel, Amendola, Luca, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Anderson, Richard I., Arendse, Nikki, Asgari, Marika, Ballardini, Mario, Barger, Vernon, Basilakos, Spyros, Batista, Ronaldo C., Battistelli, Elia S., Battye, Richard, Benetti, Micol, Benisty, David, Berlin, Asher, de Bernardis, Paolo, Berti, Emanuele, Bidenko, Bohdan, Birrer, Simon, Blakeslee, John P., Boddy, Kimberly K., Bom, Clecio R., Bonilla, Alexander, Borghi, Nicola, Bouchet, François R., Braglia, Matteo, Buchert, Thomas, Buckley-Geer, Elizabeth, Calabrese, Erminia, Caldwell, Robert R., Camarena, David, Capozziello, Salvatore, Casertano, Stefano, Chen, Angela, Chen, Geoff C. F., Chen, Hsin-Yu, Chluba, Jens, Chudaykin, Anton, Cicoli, Michele, Copi, Craig J., Courbin, Fred, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, Czerny, Bozena, Dainotti, Maria, D'Amico, Guido, Davis, Anne-Christine, Pérez, Javier de Cruz, de Haro, Jaume, Delabrouille, Jacques, Denton, Peter B., Dhawan, Suhail, Dienes, Keith R., Di Valentino, Eleonora, Du, Pu, Eckert, Dominique, Escamilla-Rivera, Celia, Ferté, Agnès, Finelli, Fabio, Fosalba, Pablo, Freedman, Wendy L., Frusciante, Noemi, Gaztañaga, Enrique, Giarè, William, Giusarma, Elena, Gómez-Valent, Adrià, Handley, Will, Harrison, Ian, Hart, Luke, Hazra, Dhiraj Kumar, Heavens, Alan, Heinesen, Asta, Hildebrandt, Hendrik, Hill, J. Colin, Hogg, Natalie B., Holz, Daniel E., Hooper, Deanna C., Hosseininejad, Nikoo, Huterer, Dragan, Ishak, Mustapha, Ivanov, Mikhail M., Jaffe, Andrew H., Jang, In Sung, Jedamzik, Karsten, Jimenez, Raul, Joseph, Melissa, Joudaki, Shahab, Kamionkowski, Mark, Karwal, Tanvi, Kazantzidis, Lavrentios, Keeley, Ryan E., Klasen, Michael, Komatsu, Eiichiro, Koopmans, Léon V. E., Kumar, Suresh, Lamagna, Luca, Lazkoz, Ruth, Lee, Chung-Chi, Lesgourgues, Julien, Said, Jackson Levi, Lewis, Tiffany R., L'Huillier, Benjamin, Lucca, Matteo, Maartens, Roy, Macri, Lucas M., Marfatia, Danny, Marra, Valerio, Martins, Carlos J. A. P., Masi, Silvia, Matarrese, Sabino, Mazumdar, Arindam, Melchiorri, Alessandro, Mena, Olga, Mersini-Houghton, Laura, Mertens, James, Milakovic, Dinko, Minami, Yuto, Miranda, Vivian, Moreno-Pulido, Cristian, Moresco, Michele, Mota, David F., Mottola, Emil, Mozzon, Simone, Muir, Jessica, Mukherjee, Ankan, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Naselsky, Pavel, Nath, Pran, Nesseris, Savvas, Niedermann, Florian, Notari, Alessio, Nunes, Rafael C., Colgáin, Eoin Ó, Owens, Kayla A., Ozulker, Emre, Pace, Francesco, Paliathanasis, Andronikos, Palmese, Antonella, Pan, Supriya, Paoletti, Daniela, Bergliaffa, Santiago E. Perez, Perivolaropoulos, Leadros, Pesce, Dominic W., Pettorino, Valeria, Philcox, Oliver H. E., Pogosian, Levon, Poulin, Vivian, Poulot, Gaspard, Raveri, Marco, Reid, Mark J., Renzi, Fabrizio, Riess, Adam G., Sabla, Vivian I., Salucci, Paolo, Salzano, Vincenzo, Saridakis, Emmanuel N., Sathyaprakash, Bangalore S., Schmaltz, Martin, Schöneberg, Nils, Scolnic, Dan, Sen, Anjan A., Sehgal, Neelima, Shafieloo, Arman, Sheikh-Jabbari, M. M., Silk, Joseph, Silvestri, Alessandra, Skara, Foteini, Sloth, Martin S., Soares-Santos, Marcelle, Peracaula, Joan Solà, Songsheng, Yu-Yang, Soriano, Jorge F., Staicova, Denitsa, Starkman, Glenn D., Szapudi, István, Teixeira, Elsa M., Thomas, Brooks, Treu, Tommaso, Trott, Emery, van de Bruck, Carsten, Vazquez, J. Alberto, Verde, Licia, Visinelli, Luca, Wang, Deng, Wang, Jian-Min, Wang, Shao-Jiang, Watkins, Richard, Watson, Scott, Webb, John K., Weiner, Neal, Weltman, Amanda, Witte, Samuel J., Wojtak, Radosław, Yadav, Anil Kumar, Yang, Weiqiang, Zhao, Gong-Bo, and Zumalacárregui, Miguel

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

In this paper we will list a few important goals that need to be addressed in the next decade, also taking into account the current discordances between the different cosmological probes, such as the disagreement in the value of the Hubble constant $H_0$, the $\sigma_8$--$S_8$ tension, and other less statistically significant anomalies. While these discordances can still be in part the result of systematic errors, their persistence after several years of accurate analysis strongly hints at cracks in the standard cosmological scenario and the necessity for new physics or generalisations beyond the standard model. In this paper, we focus on the $5.0\,\sigma$ tension between the {\it Planck} CMB estimate of the Hubble constant $H_0$ and the SH0ES collaboration measurements. After showing the $H_0$ evaluations made from different teams using different methods and geometric calibrations, we list a few interesting new physics models that could alleviate this tension and discuss how the next decade's experiments will be crucial. Moreover, we focus on the tension of the {\it Planck} CMB data with weak lensing measurements and redshift surveys, about the value of the matter energy density $\Omega_m$, and the amplitude or rate of the growth of structure ($\sigma_8,f\sigma_8$). We list a few interesting models proposed for alleviating this tension, and we discuss the importance of trying to fit a full array of data with a single model and not just one parameter at a time. Additionally, we present a wide range of other less discussed anomalies at a statistical significance level lower than the $H_0$--$S_8$ tensions which may also constitute hints towards new physics, and we discuss possible generic theoretical approaches that can collectively explain the non-standard nature of these signals.[Abridged], Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021. 224 pages, 27 figures. Accepted for publication in JHEAp

Published
2022
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18. BioClay™ prolongs RNA interference-mediated crop protection against Botrytis cinerea.

Author

Niño-Sánchez, Jonatan, Sambasivam, Prabhakaran, Sawyer, Anne, Hamby, Rachael, Chen, Angela, Czislowski, Elizabeth, Li, Peng, Manzie, Narelle, Gardiner, Donald, Ford, Rebecca, Xu, Zhi, Mitter, Neena, and Jin, Hailing

Subjects
BioClay, RNA interference, double stranded RNA, layered double hydroxide, spray-induced gene silencing, RNA Interference, Crop Protection, Botrytis, Plant Diseases, RNA, Double-Stranded, RNA, Small Interfering, Solanum lycopersicum, Plants
Abstract

One of the most promising tools for the control of fungal plant diseases is spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS). In SIGS, small interfering RNA (siRNA) or double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting essential or virulence-related pathogen genes are exogenously applied to plants and postharvest products to trigger RNA interference (RNAi) of the targeted genes, inhibiting fungal growth and disease. However, SIGS is limited by the unstable nature of RNA under environmental conditions. The use of layered double hydroxide or clay particles as carriers to deliver biologically active dsRNA, a formulation termed BioClay™, can enhance RNA durability on plants, prolonging its activity against pathogens. Here, we demonstrate that dsRNA delivered as BioClay can prolong protection against Botrytis cinerea, a major plant fungal pathogen, on tomato leaves and fruit and on mature chickpea plants. BioClay increased the protection window from 1 to 3 weeks on tomato leaves and from 5 to 10 days on tomato fruits, when compared with naked dsRNA. In flowering chickpea plants, BioClay provided prolonged protection for up to 4 weeks, covering the critical period of poding, whereas naked dsRNA provided limited protection. This research represents a major step forward for the adoption of SIGS as an eco-friendly alternative to traditional fungicides.

Published
2022

21. Generating human artery and vein cells from pluripotent stem cells highlights the arterial tropism of Nipah and Hendra viruses.

Author

Liu, Kevin, Chen, Angela, Xiong, Xiaochen, Curtis, Matthew, Martin, Renata, Raftry, Brian, Ng, Chun, Vogel, Uwe, Lander, Angelika, Lesch, Benjamin, Fowler, Jonas, Holman, Alyssa, Chai, Timothy, Vijayakumar, Siva, Suchy, Fabian, Nishimura, Toshinobu, Bhadury, Joydeep, Porteus, Matthew, Nakauchi, Hiromitsu, Cheung, Christine, George, Steven, Red-Horse, Kristy, Prescott, Joseph, Loh, Kyle, Ang, Lay, and Nguyen, Alana

Subjects
Hendra virus, Nipah virus, artery, biosafety-level-4 virology, developmental biology, endothelial cells, human pluripotent stem cells, vein, Arteries, Endothelial Cells, Hendra Virus, Humans, Nipah Virus, Pluripotent Stem Cells, Tropism
Abstract

Stem cell research endeavors to generate specific subtypes of classically defined cell types. Here, we generate >90% pure human artery or vein endothelial cells from pluripotent stem cells within 3-4 days. We specified artery cells by inhibiting vein-specifying signals and vice versa. These cells modeled viral infection of human vasculature by Nipah and Hendra viruses, which are extraordinarily deadly (∼57%-59% fatality rate) and require biosafety-level-4 containment. Generating pure populations of artery and vein cells highlighted that Nipah and Hendra viruses preferentially infected arteries; arteries expressed higher levels of their viral-entry receptor. Virally infected artery cells fused into syncytia containing up to 23 nuclei, which rapidly died. Despite infecting arteries and occupying ∼6%-17% of their transcriptome, Nipah and Hendra largely eluded innate immune detection, minimally eliciting interferon signaling. We thus efficiently generate artery and vein cells, introduce stem-cell-based toolkits for biosafety-level-4 virology, and explore the arterial tropism and cellular effects of Nipah and Hendra viruses.

Published
2022

22. Utility and precision evidence of technology in the treatment of type 1 diabetes: a systematic review

Author

Jacobsen, Laura M., Sherr, Jennifer L., Considine, Elizabeth, Chen, Angela, Peeling, Sarah M., Hulsmans, Margo, Charleer, Sara, Urazbayeva, Marzhan, Tosur, Mustafa, Alamarie, Selma, Redondo, Maria J., Hood, Korey K., Gottlieb, Peter A., Gillard, Pieter, Wong, Jessie J., Hirsch, Irl B., Pratley, Richard E., Laffel, Lori M., and Mathieu, Chantal

Published
2023
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25. Full control of superconducting qubits with combined on-chip microwave and flux lines

Author

Manenti, Riccardo, Sete, Eyob A., Chen, Angela Q., Kulshreshtha, Shobhan, Yeh, Jen-Hao, Oruc, Feyza, Bestwick, Andrew, Field, Mark, Jackson, Keith, and Poletto, Stefano

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

As the field of quantum computing progresses to larger-scale devices, multiplexing will be crucial to scale quantum processors. While multiplexed readout is common practice for superconducting devices, relatively little work has been reported about the combination of flux and microwave control lines. Here, we present a method to integrate a microwave line and a flux line into a single "XYZ line". This combined control line allows us to perform fast single-qubit gates as well as to deliver flux signals to the qubits. The measured relaxation times of the qubits are comparable to state-of-art devices employing separate control lines. We benchmark the fidelity of single-qubit gates with randomized benchmarking, achieving a fidelity above 99.5%, and we demonstrate that XYZ lines can in principle be used to run parametric entangling gates., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures

Published
2021
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26. Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author

Ferrari, Alize J, Santomauro, Damian Francesco, Aali, Amirali, Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd ElHafeez, Samar, Abdelmasseh, Michael, Abd-Elsalam, Sherief, Abdollahi, Arash, Abdullahi, Auwal, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, Abeldaño Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel, Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abualruz, Hasan, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Ackerman, Ilana N, Addo, Isaac Yeboah, Addolorato, Giovanni, Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Adepoju, Abiola Victor, Adewuyi, Habeeb Omoponle, Afyouni, Shadi, Afzal, Saira, Afzal, Sina, Agodi, Antonella, Ahmad, Aqeel, Ahmad, Danish, Ahmad, Firdos, Ahmad, Shahzaib, Ahmed, Ali, Ahmed, Luai A, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ajami, Marjan, Akinosoglou, Karolina, Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed, Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz, Alalalmeh, Samer O, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Albashtawy, Mohammed, Aldridge, Robert W, Alemu, Meseret Desalegn, Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed, Alharrasi, Maryam, Alhassan, Robert Kaba, Ali, Mohammed Usman, Ali, Rafat, Ali, Syed Shujait Shujait, Alif, Sheikh Mohammad, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Al-Marwani, Sabah, Almazan, Joseph Uy, Alomari, Mahmoud A, Al-Omari, Basem, Altaany, Zaid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J, Alwafi, Hassan, Al-Wardat, Mohammad Sami, Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed, Aly, Safwat, Alzoubi, Karem H, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amegbor, Prince M, Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena, Amin, Tarek Tawfik, Amindarolzarbi, Alireza, Amiri, Sohrab, Amugsi, Dickson A, Ancuceanu, Robert, Anderlini, Deanna, Anderson, David B, Andrade, Pedro Prata, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Ansari, Hossein, Antony, Catherine M, Anwar, Saleha, Anwar, Sumadi Lukman, Anwer, Razique, Anyanwu, Philip Emeka, Arab, Juan Pablo, Arabloo, Jalal, Arafat, Mosab, Araki, Daniel T, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, Arkew, Mesay, Armocida, Benedetta, Arndt, Michael Benjamin, Arooj, Mahwish, Artamonov, Anton A, Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo, Arumugam, Ashokan, Ashbaugh, Charlie, Ashemo, Mubarek Yesse, Ashraf, Muhammad, Asika, Marvellous O, Askari, Elaheh, Astell-Burt, Thomas, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atorkey, Prince, Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi, Atreya, Alok, Aujayeb, Avinash, Ausloos, Marcel, Avan, Abolfazl, Awotidebe, Adedapo Wasiu, Awuviry-Newton, Kofi, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayuso-Mateos, Jose L, Azadnajafabad, Sina, Azevedo, Rui M S, Babu, Abraham Samuel, Badar, Muhammad, Badiye, Ashish D, Baghdadi, Soroush, Bagheri, Nasser, Bah, Sulaiman, Bai, Ruhai, Baker, Jennifer L, Bakkannavar, Shankar M, Bako, Abdulaziz T, Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar, Bam, Kiran, Banik, Palash Chandra, Barchitta, Martina, Bardhan, Mainak, Bardideh, Erfan, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat, Barrow, Amadou, Barteit, Sandra, Barua, Lingkan, Bashiri Aliabadi, Somaye, Basiru, Afisu, Basu, Sanjay, Basu, Saurav, Bathini, Prapthi Persis, Batra, Kavita, Baune, Bernhard T, Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew, Behnam, Babak, Behnoush, Amir Hossein, Beiranvand, Maryam, Bejarano Ramirez, Diana Fernanda, Bell, Michelle L, Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja, Beloukas, Apostolos, Bensenor, Isabela M, Berezvai, Zombor, Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernstein, Robert S, Bettencourt, Paulo J G, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhandari, Dinesh, Bhargava, Ashish, Bhaskar, Sonu, Bhat, Vivek, Bhatti, Gurjit Kaur, Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh, Bhatti, Manpreet S, Bhatti, Rajbir, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bikbov, Boris, Bishai, Jessica Devin, Bisignano, Catherine, Bitra, Veera R, Bjørge, Tone, Bodolica, Virginia, Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan, Bogale, Eyob Ketema, Bonakdar Hashemi, Milad, Bonny, Aime, Bora Basara, Berrak, Borhany, Hamed, Boxe, Christopher, Brady, Oliver J, Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi, Braithwaite, Dejana, Brant, Luisa C, Brauer, Michael, Breitner, Susanne, Brenner, Hermann, Brown, Julie, Brugha, Traolach, Bulamu, Norma B, Buonsenso, Danilo, Burkart, Katrin, Burns, Richard A, Busse, Reinhard, Bustanji, Yasser, Butt, Zahid A, Byun, Justin, Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, Calina, Daniela, Cámera, Luis Alberto, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Cao, Chao, Capodici, Angelo, Carr, Sinclair, Carreras, Giulia, Carugno, Andrea, Carvalho, Márcia, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castelpietra, Giulio, Catapano, Alberico L, Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia, Caye, Arthur, Cegolon, Luca, Cembranel, Francieli, Cenderadewi, Muthia, Cerin, Ester, Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo, Chan, Jeffrey Shi Kai, Chan, Raymond N C, Chandika, Rama Mohan, Chandrasekar, Eeshwar K, Charalampous, Periklis, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou, Victoria, Chen, Angela W, Chen, An-Tian, Chen, Catherine S, Chen, Haowei, Chen, Nathalie M, Cheng, Esther T W, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chimoriya, Ritesh, Ching, Patrick R, Cho, William C S, Choi, Sungchul, Chong, Bryan, Chong, Yuen Yu, Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Steffan Wittrup McPhee, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Chukwu, Isaac Sunday, Chung, Eric, Chung, Eunice, Chutiyami, Muhammad, Claassens, Mareli M, Cogen, Rebecca M, Columbus, Alyssa, Conde, Joao, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Cousin, Ewerton, Criqui, Michael H, Cruz-Martins, Natália, Dadras, Omid, Dai, Siyu, Dai, Xiaochen, Dai, Zhaoli, Dalaba, Maxwell Ayindenaba, Damiani, Giovanni, Das, Jai K, Das, Saswati, Dashti, Mohsen, Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto, Davletov, Kairat, De Leo, Diego, Debele, Aklilu Tamire, Debopadhaya, Shayom, DeCleene, Nicole K, Deeba, Farah, Degenhardt, Louisa, Del Bo', Cristian, Delgado-Enciso, Ivan, Demetriades, Andreas K, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai, Desai, Rupak, Deuba, Keshab, Dhama, Kuldeep, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Dhingra, Sameer, Dias da Silva, Diana, Diaz, Daniel, Diaz, Luis Antonio, Diaz, Michael J, Dima, Adriana, Ding, Delaney D, Dirac, M Ashworth, Do, Thao Huynh Phuong, do Prado, Camila Bruneli, Dohare, Sushil, Dominguez, Regina-Mae Villanueva, Dong, Wanyue, Dongarwar, Deepa, D'Oria, Mario, Dorsey, E Ray, Doshmangir, Leila, Dowou, Robert Kokou, Driscoll, Tim Robert, Dsouza, Haneil Larson, Dsouza, Viola, Dube, John, Dumith, Samuel C, Duncan, Bruce B, Duraes, Andre Rodrigues, Duraisamy, Senbagam, Durojaiye, Oyewole Christopher, Dzianach, Paulina Agnieszka, Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian, Eboreime, Ejemai, Ebrahimi, Alireza, Edinur, Hisham Atan, Edvardsson, David, Eikemo, Terje Andreas, Eini, Ebrahim, Ekholuenetale, Michael, Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus, El Sayed, Iman, El Tantawi, Maha, Elbarazi, Iffat, Elemam, Noha Mousaad, ElGohary, Ghada Metwally Tawfik, Elhadi, Muhammed, Elmeligy, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou, ELNahas, Gihan, Elshaer, Mohammed, Elsohaby, Ibrahim, Engelbert Bain, Luchuo, Erkhembayar, Ryenchindorj, Eshrati, Babak, Estep, Kara, Fabin, Natalia, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis, Falzone, Luca, Fareed, Mohammad, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sá, Faris, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud, Faro, Andre, Farrokhi, Pegah, Fatehizadeh, Ali, Fauk, Nelsensius Klau, Feigin, Valery L, Feng, Xiaoqi, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Feroze, Abdullah Hamid, Ferreira, Nuno, Ferreira, Paulo H, Fischer, Florian, Flavel, Joanne, Flood, David, Flor, Luisa S, Foigt, Nataliya A, Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, Force, Lisa M, Fortuna, Daniela, Foschi, Matteo, Franklin, Richard Charles, Freitas, Alberto, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Furtado, João M, Gaal, Peter Andras, Gadanya, Muktar A, Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji, Gaihre, Santosh, Galali, Yaseen, Ganbat, Mandukhai, Gandhi, Aravind P, Ganesan, Balasankar, Ganie, Mohd Ashraf, Ganiyani, Mohammad Arfat, Gardner, William M, Gebi, Tilaye Gebru, Gebregergis, Miglas W, Gebrehiwot, Mesfin, Gebremariam, Tesfay B B, Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru, Gela, Yibeltal Yismaw, Georgescu, Simona Roxana, Getachew Obsa, Abera, Gething, Peter W, Getie, Molla, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, Ghadirian, Fataneh, Ghailan, Khalid Yaser, Ghajar, Alireza, Ghasemi, MohammadReza, Ghasempour Dabaghi, Ghazal, Ghasemzadeh, Afsaneh, Ghazy, Ramy Mohamed, Gholamrezanezhad, Ali, Ghorbani, Mahsa, Ghotbi, Elena, Gibson, Ruth Margaret, Gill, Tiffany K, Ginindza, Themba G, Girmay, Alem, Glasbey, James C, Göbölös, Laszlo, Godinho, Myron Anthony, Goharinezhad, Salime, Goldust, Mohamad, Golechha, Mahaveer, Goleij, Pouya, Gona, Philimon N, Gorini, Giuseppe, Goulart, Alessandra C, Grada, Ayman, Grivna, Michal, Guan, Shi-Yang, Guarducci, Giovanni, Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, Gudeta, Mesay Dechasa, Guha, Avirup, Guicciardi, Stefano, Gulati, Snigdha, Gulisashvili, David, Gunawardane, Damitha Asanga, Guo, Cui, Gupta, Anish Kumar, Gupta, Bhawna, Gupta, Ishita, Gupta, Mohak, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Veer Bala, Gupta, Vijai Kumar, Gupta, Vivek Kumar, Gutiérrez, Reyna Alma, Habibzadeh, Farrokh, Habibzadeh, Parham, Haddadi, Rasool, Hadi, Najah R, Haep, Nils, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hafiz, Abdul, Hagins, Hailey, Halboub, Esam S, Halimi, Aram, Haller, Sebastian, Halwani, Rabih, Hamilton, Erin B, Hankey, Graeme J, Hannan, Md Abdul, Haque, Md Nuruzzaman, Harapan, Harapan, Haro, Josep Maria, Hartvigsen, Jan, Hasaballah, Ahmed I, Hasan, Ikramul, Hasanian, Mohammad, Hasnain, Md Saquib, Hassan, Amr, Haubold, Johannes, Havmoeller, Rasmus J, Hay, Simon I, Hayat, Khezar, Hebert, Jeffrey J, Hegazi, Omar E, Heidari, Golnaz, Helfer, Bartosz, Hemmati, Mehdi, Hendrie, Delia, Henson, Claire A, Hezam, Kamal, Hiraike, Yuta, Hoan, Nguyen Quoc, Holla, Ramesh, Hon, Julia, Hossain, Md Mahbub, Hosseinzadeh, Hassan, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hsu, Johnathan M, Huang, Junjie, Hugo, Fernando N, Hushmandi, Kiavash, Hussain, Javid, Hussein, Nawfal R, Huynh, Chantal K, Huynh, Hong-Han, Hwang, Bing-Fang, Iannucci, Vincent C, Ihler, Audrey L, Ikiroma, Adalia I, Ikuta, Kevin S, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M, Ilic, Milena D, Imam, Mohammad Tarique, Immurana, Mustapha, Irham, Lalu Muhammad, Islam, Md Rabiul, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Islami, Farhad, Ismail, Faisal, Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah, Isola, Gaetano, Iwagami, Masao, Iwu, Chidozie C D, Iyer, Mahalaxmi, Jaafari, Jalil, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jadidi-Niaragh, Farhad, Jafarinia, Morteza, Jaggi, Khushleen, Jahankhani, Kasra, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jahrami, Haitham, Jain, Akhil, Jain, Nityanand, Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman, Jaiswal, Abhishek, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jatau, Abubakar Ibrahim, Javadov, Sabzali, Javaheri, Tahereh, Jayapal, Sathish Kumar, Jayaram, Shubha, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeganathan, Jayakumar, Jeyakumar, Angeline, Jha, Anil K, Jiang, Heng, Jin, Yinzi, Jonas, Jost B, Joo, Tamas, Joseph, Abel, Joseph, Nitin, Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, K, Vaishali, Kaambwa, Billingsley, Kabir, Ali, Kabir, Zubair, Kadashetti, Vidya, Kalani, Rizwan, Kalankesh, Leila R, Kaliyadan, Feroze, Kalra, Sanjay, Kamenov, Kaloyan, Kamyari, Naser, Kanagasabai, Thanigaivelan, Kandel, Himal, Kanmanthareddy, Arun R, Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem, Kantar, Rami S, Karaye, Ibraheem M, Karim, Asima, Karimi, Salah Eddin, Karimi, Yeganeh, Kasraei, Hengameh, Kassel, Molly B, Kauppila, Joonas H, Kawakami, Norito, Kayode, Gbenga A, Kazemi, Foad, Kazemian, Sina, Keikavoosi-Arani, Leila, Keller, Cathleen, Kempen, John H, Kerr, Jessica A, Keshtkar, Kamyab, Kesse-Guyot, Emmanuelle, Keykhaei, Mohammad, Khajuria, Himanshu, Khalaji, Amirmohammad, Khalid, Asaad, Khalid, Nauman, Khalilian, Alireza, Khamesipour, Faham, Khan, Asaduzzaman, Khan, Ikramullah, Khan, Maseer, Khan, Moien AB, Khanmohammadi, Shaghayegh, Khatab, Khaled, Khatami, Fatemeh, Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad, Khater, Amir M, Khayat Kashani, Hamid Reza, Khidri, Feriha Fatima, Khodadoust, Elaheh, Khormali, Moein, Khorrami, Zahra, Kifle, Zemene Demelash, Kim, Min Seo, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo, Kocarnik, Jonathan M, Kochhar, Sonali, Koh, Hyun Yong, Kolahi, Ali-Asghar, Kompani, Farzad, Koren, Gerbrand, Korzh, Oleksii, Kosen, Soewarta, Koulmane Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi, Krishan, Kewal, Krishna, Varun, Krishnamoorthy, Vijay, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kuddus, Md Abdul, Kuddus, Mohammed, Kuitunen, Ilari, Kulkarni, Vishnutheertha, Kumar, Manasi, Kumar, Nithin, Kumar, Rakesh, Kurmi, Om P, Kusuma, Dian, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lacey, Ben, Ladan, Muhammad Awwal, Laflamme, Lucie, Lafranconi, Alessandra, Lahariya, Chandrakant, Lai, Daphne Teck Ching, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lám, Judit, Lan, Qing, Lan, Tuo, Landires, Iván, Lanfranchi, Francesco, Langguth, Berthold, Laplante-Lévesque, Ariane, Larijani, Bagher, Larsson, Anders O, Lasrado, Savita, Lauriola, Paolo, Le, Huu-Hoai, Le, Long Khanh Dao, Le, Nhi Huu Hanh, Le, Trang Diep Thanh, Leasher, Janet L, Ledda, Caterina, Lee, Munjae, Lee, Paul H, Lee, Sang-woong, Lee, Seung Won, Lee, Wei-Chen, Lee, Yo Han, LeGrand, Kate E, Lenzi, Jacopo, Leong, Elvynna, Leung, Janni, Li, Ming-Chieh, Li, Wei, Li, Xiaopan, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongze, Lim, Lee-Ling, Lim, Stephen S, Lindstrom, Megan, Linn, Shai, Liu, Gang, Liu, Runben, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Wei, Liu, Xiaofeng, Liu, Xuefeng, Llanaj, Erand, Lo, Chun-Han, López-Bueno, Rubén, Loreche, Arianna Maever, Lorenzovici, László, Lozano, Rafael, Lubinda, Jailos, Lucchetti, Giancarlo, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Lusk, Jay B, lv, hengliang, Ma, Zheng Feei, Machairas, Nikolaos, Madureira-Carvalho, Áurea M, Magaña Gómez, Javier A, Maghazachi, Azzam A, Maharjan, Preeti, Mahasha, Phetole Walter, Maheri, Mina, Mahjoub, Soleiman, Mahmoud, Mansour Adam, Mahmoudi, Elham, Majeed, Azeem, Makris, Konstantinos Christos, Malakan Rad, Elaheh, Malhotra, Kashish, Malik, Ahmad Azam, Malik, Iram, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Manla, Yosef, Mansour, Ali, Mansouri, Pejman, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantilla Herrera, Ana M, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Manu, Emmanuel, Marateb, Hamid Reza, Mardi, Parham, Martinez, Gabriel, Martinez-Piedra, Ramon, Martini, Daniela, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Martorell, Miquel, Marx, Wolfgang, Maryam, Sharmeen, Marzo, Roy Rillera, Mathangasinghe, Yasith, Mathieson, Stephanie, Mathioudakis, Alexander G, Mattumpuram, Jishanth, Maugeri, Andrea, Mayeli, Mahsa, Mazidi, Mohsen, Mazzotti, Antonio, McGrath, John J, McKee, Martin, McKowen, Anna Laura W, McPhail, Michael A, Mehrabani-Zeinabad, Kamran, Mehrabi Nasab, Entezar, Mekene Meto, Tesfahun, Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G, Mensah, George A, Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A, Meo, Sultan Ayoub, Meresa, Haftu Asmerom, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mersha, Abera M, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Mettananda, Kukulege Chamila Dinushi, Mettananda, Sachith, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Miller, Paul Anthony, Miller, Ted R, Mills, Edward J, Minh, Le Huu Nhat, Mirijello, Antonio, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Mirutse, Mizan Kiros, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Mohammad, Mirzaei, Maryam, Mirzaei, Roya, Misganaw, Awoke, Mishra, Ajay Kumar, Mitchell, Philip B, Mittal, Chaitanya, Moazen, Babak, Moberg, Madeline E, Mohamed, Jama, Mohamed, Mouhand F H, Mohamed, Nouh Saad, Mohammadi, Esmaeil, Mohammadi, Soheil, Mohammed, Hussen, Mohammed, Salahuddin, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohr, Robin M, Mokdad, Ali H, Molinaro, Sabrina, Momtazmanesh, Sara, Monasta, Lorenzo, Mondello, Stefania, Moodi Ghalibaf, AmirAli, Moradi, Maryam, Moradi, Yousef, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Moreira, Rafael Silveira, Morovatdar, Negar, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Morze, Jakub, Mosapour, Abbas, Mosser, Jonathan F, Mossialos, Elias, Motappa, Rohith, Mougin, Vincent, Mouodi, Simin, Mrejen, Matías, Msherghi, Ahmed, Mubarik, Sumaira, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Mulita, Francesk, Munjal, Kavita, Murillo-Zamora, Efrén, Murlimanju, BV, Mustafa, Ghulam, Muthu, Sathish, Muzaffar, Muhammad, Myung, Woojae, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Naghavi, Pirouz, Naik, Ganesh R, Nainu, Firzan, Nair, Sanjeev, Najmuldeen, Hastyar Hama Rashid, Nangia, Vinay, Naqvi, Atta Abbas, Narayana, Aparna Ichalangod, Nargus, Shumaila, Nascimento, Gustavo G, Nashwan, Abdulqadir J, Nasrollahizadeh, Ali, Nasrollahizadeh, Amir, Natto, Zuhair S, Nayak, Biswa Prakash, Nayak, Vinod C, Nduaguba, Sabina Onyinye, Negash, Hadush, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria, Nesbit, Olivia D, Netsere, Henok Biresaw, Ng, Marie, Nguefack-Tsague, Georges, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, Nguyen, Dang H, Nguyen, Hien Quang, Niazi, Robina Khan, Nikolouzakis, Taxiarchis Konstantinos, Nikoobar, Ali, Nikoomanesh, Fatemeh, Nikpoor, Amin Reza, Nnaji, Chukwudi A, Nnyanzi, Lawrence Achilles, Noman, Efaq Ali, Nomura, Shuhei, Norrving, Bo, Nri-Ezedi, Chisom Adaobi, Ntaios, George, Ntsekhe, Mpiko, Nurrika, Dieta, Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe, Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet, Oancea, Bogdan, Odetokun, Ismail A, O'Donnell, Martin James, Oguntade, Ayodipupo Sikiru, Oguta, James Odhiambo, Okati-Aliabad, Hassan, Okeke, Sylvester Reuben, Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul, Okonji, Osaretin Christabel, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olasupo, Omotola O, Olatubi, Matthew Idowu, Oliveira, Gláucia Maria Moraes, Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Omar, Hany A, Omer, Goran Latif, Omonisi, Abidemi E Emmanuel, Onie, Sandersan, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Ordak, Michal, Orish, Verner N, Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V, Ortiz, Alberto, Ortiz-Brizuela, Edgar, Osman, Wael M S, Ostroff, Samuel M, Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi, Otoiu, Adrian, Otstavnov, Nikita, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Ouyahia, Amel, Ouyang, Guoqing, Owolabi, Mayowa O, P A, Mahesh Padukudru, Padron-Monedero, Alicia, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Palicz, Tamás, Palladino, Claudia, Pan, Feng, Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R, Pangaribuan, Helena Ullyartha, Panos, Georgios D, Panos, Leonidas D, Pantea Stoian, Anca Mihaela, Pardhan, Shahina, Parikh, Romil R, Pashaei, Ava, Pasovic, Maja, Passera, Roberto, Patel, Jay, Patel, Sangram Kishor, Patil, Shankargouda, Patoulias, Dimitrios, Patthipati, Venkata Suresh, Pawar, Shrikant, Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza, Pease, Spencer A, Peden, Amy E, Pedersini, Paolo, Peng, Minjin, Pensato, Umberto, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Peprah, Emmanuel K, Peprah, Prince, Perdigão, João, Pereira, Maria Odete, Perianayagam, Arokiasamy, Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petermann-Rocha, Fanny Emily, Petri, William A, Pham, Hoang Tran, Philip, Anil K, Phillips, Michael R, Pigeolet, Manon, Pigott, David M, Pillay, Julian David, Piracha, Zahra Zahid, Pirouzpanah, Saeed, Plass, Dietrich, Plotnikov, Evgenii, Poddighe, Dimitri, Polinder, Suzanne, Postma, Maarten J, Pourtaheri, Naeimeh, Prada, Sergio I, Pradhan, Pranil Man Singh, Prakash, V, Prasad, Manya, Prates, Elton Junio Sady, Priscilla, Tina, Pritchett, Natalie, Puri, Pooja, Puvvula, Jagadeesh, Qasim, Nameer Hashim, Qattea, Ibrahim, Qazi, Asma Saleem, Qian, Gangzhen, Rabiee Rad, Mehrdad, Radhakrishnan, Raghu Anekal, Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman, Raeisi Shahraki, Hadi, Rafferty, Quinn, Raggi, Alberto, Raghav, Pankaja Raghav, Rahim, Md Jillur, Rahman, Md Mosfequr, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Mosiur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahmani, Shayan, Rahmanian, Mohammad, Rahmawaty, Setyaningrum, Rajaa, Sathish, Ramadan, Mahmoud Mohammed, Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran, Ramasubramani, Premkumar, Ramazanu, Sheena, Rana, Kritika, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rancic, Nemanja, Rane, Amey, Rao, Chythra R, Rao, Kumuda, Rao, Mithun, Rao, Sowmya J, Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi, Rathnaiah Babu, Giridhara, Rauniyar, Santosh Kumar, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Razo, Christian, Reddy, Murali Mohan Rama Krishna, Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed, Reifels, Lennart, Reiner Jr, Robert C, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M N, Reshmi, Bhageerathy, Reyes, Luis Felipe, Rezaei, Nazila, Rezaei, Negar, Rezaei, Nima, Rezaei Hachesu, Peyman, Rezaeian, Mohsen, Rickard, Jennifer, Rodrigues, Célia Fortuna, Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rotimi, Kunle, Rout, Himanshu Sekhar, Roy, Bedanta, Roy, Nitai, Roy, Priyanka, Rubagotti, Enrico, S N, Chandan, Saad, Aly M A, Saber-Ayad, Maha Mohamed, Sabour, Siamak, Sacco, Simona, Sachdev, Perminder S, Saddik, Basema, Saddler, Adam, Sadee, Bashdar Abuzed, Sadeghi, Erfan, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, Saeb, Mohammad Reza, Saeed, Umar, Safi, Sher Zaman, Sagar, Rajesh, Sagoe, Dominic, Saif, 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Theo, and Murray, Christopher J L

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2024
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27. Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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Naghavi, Mohsen, Ong, Kanyin Liane, Aali, Amirali, Ababneh, Hazim S, Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasgholizadeh, Rouzbeh, Abbasian, Mohammadreza, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd ElHafeez, Samar, Abdelmasseh, Michael, Abd-Elsalam, Sherief, Abdelwahab, Ahmed, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdollahifar, Mohammad-Amin, Abdoun, Meriem, Abdulah, Deldar Morad, Abdullahi, Auwal, Abebe, Mesfin, Abebe, Samrawit Shawel, Abedi, Aidin, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, Abhilash, E S, Abidi, Hassan, Abiodun, Olumide, Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abolmaali, Meysam, Abouzid, Mohamed, Aboye, Girma Beressa, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abrha, Woldu Aberhe, Abtahi, Dariush, Abu Rumeileh, Samir, Abualruz, Hasan, Abubakar, Bilyaminu, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Aburuz, Salahdein, Abu-Zaid, Ahmed, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Adal, Tadele Girum, Adamu, Abdu A, Addo, Isaac Yeboah, Addolorato, Giovanni, Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adepoju, Abiola Victor, Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun, Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi, Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther, Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo, Adeyomoye, Olorunsola Israel, Admass, Biruk Adie Adie, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Adra, Saryia, Afolabi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika, Afzal, Muhammad Sohail, Afzal, Saira, Agampodi, Suneth Buddhika, Agasthi, Pradyumna, Aggarwal, Manik, Aghamiri, Shahin, Agide, Feleke Doyore, Agodi, Antonella, Agrawal, Anurag, Agyemang-Duah, Williams, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Aqeel, Ahmad, Danish, Ahmad, Firdos, Ahmad, Muayyad M, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmad, Shahzaib, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmadzade, Amir Mahmoud, Ahmed, Ali, Ahmed, Ayman, Ahmed, Haroon, Ahmed, Luai A, Ahmed, Mehrunnisha Sharif, Ahmed, Meqdad Saleh, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed, Syed Anees, Ajami, Marjan, Aji, Budi, Akara, Essona Matatom, Akbarialiabad, Hossein, Akinosoglou, Karolina, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed, Akyirem, Samuel, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz, Alahdab, 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Yannick, Belay, Sefealem Assefa, Belete, Chalie Mulu, Bell, Michelle L, Bello, Muhammad Bashir, Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja, Belo, Luis, Beloukas, Apostolos, Bender, Rose Grace, Bensenor, Isabela M, Beran, Azizullah, Berezvai, Zombor, Berhie, Alemshet Yirga, Berice, Betyna N, Bernstein, Robert S, Bertolacci, Gregory J, Bettencourt, Paulo J G, Beyene, Kebede A, Bhagat, Devidas S, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhandari, Dinesh, Bhangdia, Kayleigh, Bhardwaj, Nikha, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhardwaj, Prarthna V, Bhargava, Ashish, Bhaskar, Sonu, Bhat, Vivek, Bhatti, Gurjit Kaur, Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh, Bhatti, Manpreet S, Bhatti, Rajbir, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bikbov, Boris, Bishai, Jessica Devin, Bisignano, Catherine, Bisulli, Francesca, Biswas, Atanu, Biswas, Bijit, Bitaraf, Saeid, Bitew, Bikes Destaw, Bitra, Veera R, Bjørge, Tone, Boachie, Micheal Kofi, Boampong, Mary Sefa, Bobirca, Anca Vasilica, Bodolica, Virginia, Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan, Bogale, Eyob Ketema, Bogale, Kassawmar Angaw, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi, Boloor, Archith, Bonakdar Hashemi, Milad, Bonny, Aime, Bora, Kaustubh, Bora Basara, Berrak, Borhany, Hamed, Borzutzky, Arturo, Bouaoud, Souad, Boustany, Antoine, Boxe, Christopher, Boyko, Edward J, Brady, Oliver J, Braithwaite, Dejana, Brant, Luisa C, Brauer, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brazo-Sayavera, Javier, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Breitner, Susanne, Brenner, Hermann, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Britton, Gabrielle, Brown, Julie, Brugha, Traolach, Bulamu, Norma B, Bulto, Lemma N, Buonsenso, Danilo, Burns, Richard A, Busse, Reinhard, Bustanji, Yasser, Butt, Nadeem Shafique, Butt, Zahid A, Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, Calina, Daniela, Cámera, Luis Alberto, Campos, Luciana Aparecida, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Cao, Chao, Cao, Yin, Capodici, Angelo, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carr, Sinclair, Carreras, Giulia, Carrero, Juan J, Carugno, Andrea, Carvalheiro, Cristina G, Carvalho, Felix, 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Maureene Auma, Ong, Sokking, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Onyedibe, Kenneth Ikenna, Ordak, Michal, Orisakwe, Orish Ebere, Orish, Verner N, Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V, Ortiz, Alberto, Osman, Wael M S, Ostroff, Samuel M, Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi, Otoiu, Adrian, Otstavnov, Nikita, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Ouyahia, Amel, Ouyang, Guoqing, Owolabi, Mayowa O, Ozten, Yaz, P A, Mahesh Padukudru, Padron-Monedero, Alicia, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Pal, Pramod Kumar, Palicz, Tamás, Palladino, Claudia, Palladino, Raffaele, Palma-Alvarez, Raul Felipe, Pan, Feng, Pan, Hai-Feng, Pana, Adrian, Panda, Paramjot, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R, Pangaribuan, Helena Ullyartha, Panos, Georgios D, Panos, Leonidas D, Pantazopoulos, Ioannis, Pantea Stoian, Anca Mihaela, Papadopoulou, Paraskevi, Parikh, Romil R, Park, Seoyeon, Parthasarathi, Ashwaghosha, Pashaei, Ava, Pasovic, Maja, Passera, Roberto, Pasupula, Deepak Kumar, Patel, Hemal M, Patel, Jay, Patel, Sangram Kishor, Patil, Shankargouda, Patoulias, Dimitrios, Patthipati, Venkata Suresh, Paudel, Uttam, Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza, Pease, Spencer A, Peden, Amy E, Pedersini, Paolo, Pensato, Umberto, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Peprah, Emmanuel K, Peprah, Prince, Perdigão, João, Pereira, Marcos, Peres, Mario F P, Perianayagam, Arokiasamy, Perico, Norberto, Pestell, Richard G, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petermann-Rocha, Fanny Emily, Petri, William A, Pham, Hoang Tran, Philip, Anil K, Phillips, Michael R, Pierannunzio, Daniela, Pigeolet, Manon, Pigott, David M, Pilgrim, Thomas, Piracha, Zahra Zahid, Piradov, Michael A, Pirouzpanah, Saeed, Plakkal, Nishad, Plotnikov, Evgenii, Podder, Vivek, Poddighe, Dimitri, Polinder, Suzanne, Polkinghorne, Kevan R, Poluru, Ramesh, Ponkilainen, Ville T, Porru, Fabio, Postma, Maarten J, Poudel, Govinda Raj, Pourshams, Akram, Pourtaheri, Naeimeh, Prada, Sergio I, Pradhan, Pranil Man Singh, Prakasham, Thejeswar N, Prasad, Manya, Prashant, Akila, Prates, Elton Junio Sady, Prieto Alhambra, Daniel, PRISCILLA, TINA, Pritchett, Natalie, Purohit, Bharathi M, Puvvula, Jagadeesh, Qasim, Nameer Hashim, Qattea, Ibrahim, Qazi, Asma Saleem, Qian, Gangzhen, Qiu, Suli, Qureshi, Maryam Faiz, Rabiee Rad, Mehrdad, Radfar, Amir, Radhakrishnan, Raghu Anekal, Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman, Raeisi Shahraki, Hadi, Rafferty, Quinn, Raggi, Alberto, Raghav, Pankaja Raghav, Raheem, Nasiru, Rahim, Fakher, Rahim, Md Jillur, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Md Mosfequr, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Mosiur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahmani, Amir Masoud, Rahmani, Shayan, Rahmanian, Vahid, Rajaa, Sathish, Rajput, Prashant, Rakovac, Ivo, Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran, Ramazanu, Sheena, Rana, Kritika, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rancic, Nemanja, Rane, Amey, Rao, Chythra R, Rao, Indu Ramachandra, Rao, Mithun, Rao, Sowmya J, Rasali, Drona Prakash, Rasella, Davide, Rashedi, Sina, Rashedi, Vahid, Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi, Rasouli-Saravani, Ashkan, Rasul, Azad, Rathnaiah Babu, Giridhara, Rauniyar, Santosh Kumar, Ravangard, Ramin, Ravikumar, Nakul, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Rawal, Lal, Rawassizadeh, Reza, Rawlley, Bharat, Raza, Rabail Zehra, Razo, Christian, Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed, Rehman, Faizan Ur, Reifels, Lennart, Reiner Jr, Robert C, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Reyes, Luis Felipe, Rezaei, Maryam, Rezaei, Nazila, Rezaei, Negar, Rezaeian, Mohsen, Rhee, Taeho Gregory, Riaz, Mavra A, Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P, Rickard, Jennifer, Riva, Hannah R, Robinson-Oden, Hannah Elizabeth, Rodrigues, Célia Fortuna, Rodrigues, Mónica, Roever, Leonardo, Rogowski, Emma Lynn Best, Rohloff, Peter, Romadlon, Debby Syahru, Romero-Rodríguez, Esperanza, Romoli, Michele, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A, Rout, Himanshu Sekhar, Roy, Nitai, Roy, Priyanka, Rubagotti, Enrico, Ruela, Guilherme de Andrade, Rumisha, Susan Fred, Runghien, Tilleye, Rwegerera, Godfrey M, Rynkiewicz, Andrzej, S N, Chandan, Saad, Aly M A, Saadatian, Zahra, Saber, Korosh, Saber-Ayad, Maha Mohamed, SaberiKamarposhti, Morteza, Sabour, Siamak, Sacco, Simona, Sachdev, Perminder S, Sachdeva, Rajesh, Saddik, Basema, Saddler, Adam, Sadee, Bashdar Abuzed, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Sadeghi, Erfan, Sadeghian, Farideh, Saeb, Mohammad Reza, Saeed, Umar, Safaeinejad, Fahimeh, Safi, Sher Zaman, Sagar, Rajesh, Saghazadeh, Amene, Sagoe, Dominic, Saheb Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh, Saheb Sharif-Askari, Narjes, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahoo, Soumya Swaroop, Sahoo, Umakanta, Sahu, Monalisha, Saif, Zahra, Sajid, Mirza Rizwan, Sakshaug, Joseph W, Salam, Nasir, Salamati, Payman, Salami, Afeez Abolarinwa, Salaroli, Luciane B, Saleh, Mohamed A, Salehi, Sana, Salem, Marwa Rashad, Salem, Mohammed Z Y, Salimi, Sohrab, Samadi Kafil, Hossein, Samadzadeh, Sara, Samargandy, Saad, Samodra, Yoseph Leonardo, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Sanna, Francesca, Santomauro, Damian Francesco, Santos, Itamar S, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M, Sao Jose, Bruno Piassi, Sarasmita, Made Ary, Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer, Saravanan, Aswini, Saravi, Babak, Sarikhani, Yaser, Sarkar, Tanmay, Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo, Sarode, Gargi Sachin, Sarode, Sachin C, Sarveazad, Arash, Sathian, Brijesh, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sayeed, Abu, Sayeed, Md Abu, Saylan, Mete, Sayyah, Mehdi, Scarmeas, Nikolaos, Schaarschmidt, Benedikt Michael, Schlaich, Markus P, Schlee, Winfried, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schneider, Ione Jayce Ceola, Schuermans, Art, Schumacher, Austin E, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Schwarzinger, Michaël, Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Šekerija, Mario, Selvaraj, Siddharthan, Senapati, Sabyasachi, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serban, Dragos, Sethi, Yashendra, Sha, Feng, Shabany, Maryam, Shafaat, Amir, Shafie, Mahan, Shah, Nilay S, Shah, Pritik A, Shah, Syed Mahboob, Shahabi, Saeed, Shahbandi, Ataollah, Shahid, Izza, Shahid, Samiah, Shahid, Wajeehah, Shahsavari, Hamid R, Shahwan, Moyad Jamal, Shaikh, Ahmed, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shakeri, Alireza, Shalash, Ali S, Sham, Sunder, Shamim, Muhammad Aaqib, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamshad, Hina, Shamsi, Mohammad Anas, Shanawaz, Mohd, Shankar, Abhishek, Sharfaei, Sadaf, Sharifan, Amin, Sharifi-Rad, Javad, Sharma, Rajesh, Sharma, Saurab, Sharma, Ujjawal, Sharma, Vishal, Shastry, Rajesh P, Shavandi, Amin, Shayan, Maryam, Shehabeldine, Amr Mohamed Elsayed, Sheikh, Aziz, Sheikhi, Rahim Ali, Shen, Jiabin, Shetty, Adithi, Shetty, B Suresh Kumar, Shetty, Pavanchand H, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shiferaw, Desalegn, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shin, Youn Ho, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shitaye, Nebiyu Aniley, Shittu, Aminu, Shiue, Ivy, Shivakumar, K M, Shivarov, Velizar, Shokraneh, Farhad, Shokri, Azad, Shool, Sina, Shorofi, Seyed Afshin, Shrestha, Sunil, Shuval, Kerem, Siddig, Emmanuel Edwar, Silva, João Pedro, Silva, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues, Silva, Soraia, Simpson, Colin R, Singal, Anjali, Singh, Abhinav, Singh, Balbir Bagicha, Singh, Garima, Singh, Jasbir, Singh, Narinder Pal, Singh, Paramdeep, Singh, Surjit, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Sinto, Robert, Siraj, Md Shahjahan, Sirota, Sarah Brooke, Sitas, Freddy, Sivakumar, Shravan, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna, Sleet, David A, Socea, Bogdan, Sokhan, Anton, Solanki, Ranjan, Solanki, Shipra, Soleimani, Hamidreza, Soliman, Sameh S M, Song, Suhang, Song, Yimeng, Sorensen, Reed J D, Soriano, Joan B, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Spartalis, Michael, Spearman, Sandra, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Srivastava, Vijay Kumar, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Stanikzai, Muhammad Haroon, Stark, Benjamin A, Starnes, Joseph R, Starodubova, Antonina V, Stein, Caroline, Stein, Dan J, Steinbeis, Fridolin, Steiner, Caitlyn, Steinmetz, Jaimie D, Steiropoulos, Paschalis, Stevanović, Aleksandar, Stockfelt, Leo, Stokes, Mark A, Stortecky, Stefan, Subramaniyan, Vetriselvan, Suleman, Muhammad, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rizwan, Sultana, Abida, Sun, Haitong Zhe, Sun, Jing, Sundström, Johan, Sunkersing, David, Sunnerhagen, Katharina S, Swain, Chandan Kumar, Szarpak, Lukasz, Szeto, Mindy D, Szócska, Miklós, Tabaee Damavandi, Payam, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad, Tabatabaei Malazy, Ozra, Tabatabaeizadeh, Seyed-Amir, Tabatabai, Shima, Tabish, Mohammad, TADAKAMADLA, JYOTHI, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Taheri Abkenar, Yasaman, Taheri Soodejani, Moslem, Taiba, Jabeen, Takahashi, Ken, Talaat, Iman M, Talukder, Ashis, Tampa, Mircea, Tamuzi, Jacques Lukenze, Tan, Ker-Kan, Tandukar, Sarmila, Tang, Haosu, Tang, Hong K, Tarigan, Ingan Ukur, Tariku, Mengistie Kassahun, Tariqujjaman, Md, Tarkang, Elvis Enowbeyang, Tavakoli Oliaee, Razieh, Tavangar, Seyed Mohammad, Taveira, Nuno, Tefera, Yibekal Manaye, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Temsah, Reem Mohamad Hani, Teramoto, Masayuki, Tesler, Riki, Teye-Kwadjo, Enoch, Thakur, Rishu, Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Tharwat, Samar, Thayakaran, Rasiah, Thomas, Nihal, Thomas, Nikhil Kenny, Thomson, Azalea M, Thrift, Amanda G, Thum, Chern Choong Chern, Thygesen, Lau Caspar, Tian, Jing, Tichopad, Ales, Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera, Tillawi, Tala, Tiruye, Tenaw Yimer, Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Toriola, Adetunji T, Torre, Anna E, Touvier, Mathilde, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Tran, Jasmine T, Tran, Nghia Minh, Trico, Domenico, Tromans, Samuel Joseph, Truyen, Thien Tan Tri Tai, Tsatsakis, Aristidis, Tsegay, Guesh Mebrahtom, Tsermpini, Evangelia Eirini, Tumurkhuu, Munkhtuya, Tung, Kang, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Uddin, Sayed Mohammad Nazim, Udoakang, Aniefiok John, Udoh, Arit, Ullah, Atta, Ullah, Irfan, Ullah, Saeed, Ullah, Sana, Umakanthan, Srikanth, Umeokonkwo, Chukwuma David, Unim, Brigid, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Unsworth, Carolyn Anne, Upadhyay, Era, Urso, Daniele, Usman, Jibrin Sammani, Vahabi, Seyed Mohammad, Vaithinathan, Asokan Govindaraj, Valizadeh, Rohollah, Van de Velde, Sarah M, Van den Eynde, Jef, Varga, Orsolya, Vart, Priya, Varthya, Shoban Babu, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vasic, Milena, Vaziri, Siavash, Vellingiri, Balachandar, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Verghese, Nicholas Alexander, Verma, Madhur, Veroux, Massimiliano, Verras, Georgios-Ioannis, Vervoort, Dominique, Villafañe, Jorge Hugo, Villanueva, Gabriela Ines, Vinayak, Manish, Violante, Francesco S, Viskadourou, Maria, Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch, Vlassov, Vasily, Vo, Bay, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vongpradith, Avina, Vos, Theo, Vujcic, Isidora S, Vukovic, Rade, Wafa, Hatem A, Waheed, Yasir, Wamai, Richard G, Wang, Cong, Wang, Ning, Wang, Shu, Wang, Song, Wang, Yanzhong, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Waqas, Muhammad, Ward, Paul, Wassie, Emebet Gashaw, Watson, Stefanie, Watson, Stephanie Louise Watson, Weerakoon, Kosala Gayan, Wei, Melissa Y, Weintraub, Robert G, Weiss, Daniel J, Westerman, Ronny, Whisnant, Joanna L, Wiangkham, Taweewat, Wickramasinghe, Dakshitha Praneeth, Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana, Wilandika, Angga, Wilkerson, Caroline, Willeit, Peter, Wilson, Shadrach, Wojewodzic, Marcin W, Woldegebreal, Demewoz H, Wolf, Axel Walter, Wolfe, Charles D A, Wondimagegene, Yohannes Addisu, Wong, Yen Jun, Wongsin, Utoomporn, Wu, Ai-Min, Wu, Chenkai, Wu, Felicia, Wu, Xinsheng, Wu, Zenghong, Xia, Juan, Xiao, Hong, Xie, Yang, Xu, Suowen, Xu, Wang-Dong, Xu, Xiaoyue, Xu, Yvonne Yiru, Yadollahpour, Ali, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Yang, Danting, Yang, Lin, Yano, Yuichiro, Yao, Yao, Yaribeygi, Habib, Ye, Pengpeng, Yehualashet, Sisay Shewasinad, Yesiltepe, Metin, Yesuf, Subah Abderehim, Yezli, Saber, Yi, Siyan, Yigezu, Amanuel, Yiğit, Arzu, Yiğit, Vahit, Yip, Paul, Yismaw, Malede Berihun, Yismaw, Yazachew, Yon, Dong Keon, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, You, Yuyi, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yousefi, Zabihollah, Yu, Chuanhua, Yu, Yong, Yuh, Faith H, Zadey, Siddhesh, Zadnik, Vesna, Zafari, Nima, Zakham, Fathiah, Zaki, Nazar, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamora, Nelson, Zand, Ramin, Zangiabadian, Moein, Zar, Heather J, Zare, Iman, Zarrintan, Armin, Zeariya, Mohammed G M, Zeinali, Zahra, Zhang, Haijun, Zhang, Jianrong, Zhang, Jingya, Zhang, Liqun, Zhang, Yunquan, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zhao, Hanqing, Zhong, Chenwen, Zhou, Juexiao, Zhu, Bin, Zhu, Lei, Ziafati, Makan, Zielińska, Magdalena, Zitoun, Osama A, Zoladl, Mohammad, Zou, Zhiyong, Zuhlke, Liesl J, Zumla, Alimuddin, Zweck, Elric, Zyoud, Samer H, Wool, Eve E, and Murray, Christopher J L

Published
2024
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28. 18F-FES PET/CT Improves the Detection of Intraorbital Metastases in Estrogen-Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer: Two Representative Cases and Review of the Literature

Author

Bodapati, Sandhya, Abraham, Peter, Chen, Angela, Guilbault, Denise, McDonald, Marin, Matro, Jennifer, Shatsky, Rebecca, and Obrzut, Sebastian

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Breast Cancer, Estrogen, Clinical Research, Aging, Cancer, Biomedical Imaging, 4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies, 4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies, Detection, screening and diagnosis, Breast Neoplasms, Estrogens, Female, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Humans, Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography, Quality of Life, Receptors, Estrogen, orbital metastases, estrogen-receptor-positive cancer, 18F-fluoroestradiol
Abstract

Orbital metastases are a rare but life-altering complication in cancer. Most commonly seen in breast cancer, metastases to the optic nerves or extraocular muscles can have a devastating impact on visual acuity and quality of life. Hormone receptor status plays a central role in metastatic breast cancer treatment, with endocrine therapy often representing first-line therapy in hormone-receptor-positive cancers. Staging and treatment response evaluation with positron emission tomography (PET) computed tomography (CT) imaging with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) is limited by high physiologic uptake in the intracranial and intraorbital compartments. Thus, traditional staging scans with 18F-FDG PET/CT may under-detect intraorbital and intracranial metastatic disease and inaccurately evaluate active metastatic disease burden. In comparison, 18F-fluoroestradiol (18F-FES) is a novel estrogen-receptor-specific PET radiotracer, which more accurately assesses the intracranial and intraorbital compartments in patients with estrogen-receptor-positive (ER+) cancers than 18F-FDG, due to lack of physiologic background activity in these regions. We present two cases of breast cancer patients with orbital metastases confirmed on MR imaging who underwent PET/CT imaging with 18F-FES and 18F-FDG. Multimodality imaging with 18F-FES PET/CT offers higher detection sensitivity of orbital metastases, compared with traditional 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging, and can improve the assessment of treatment response in patients with estrogen-receptor-positive (ER+) cancers.

Published
2022

29. Point-of-Care Ultrasound Interpretation of Cardiac Standstill in Children

Author

Chen, Angela and Hu, Kevin

Abstract

Objectives: This study seeks to determine the level of inter-observer agreement among Pediatric Emergency Medicine (PEM) physicians when interpreting POCUS for cardiac standstill in pediatric patients during cardiac arrest as well as highlight factors that may contribute to lack of agreement.Background: Use of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) to diagnose cardiac standstill and guide continuation of cardiac resuscitation has gained widespread use in adult patients and is becoming more prevalent in pediatric patients. Previous studies have demonstrated moderate inter-observer agreement among physicians using POCUS to diagnose cardiac standstill during cardiac arrests in adult patients. There is limited data regarding POCUS interpretation of cardiac standstill among pediatric patients during cardiac resuscitations.Methods: A single, nation-wide, cross-sectional, convenience sample survey was administered to PEM attendings and fellows between Feb - Jun of 2021. PEM attendings with = 25 cardiac ultrasound scans were considered “proficient” based on POCUS competency set by the American College of Emergency Physicians. The survey contained 11 unique 6-second video clips of cardiac POCUS performed during pulseless arrests in pediatric patients and asked the respondents to determine which clips represented cardiac standstill. A description of each clip is found in Table 1. The level of inter-observer agreement was determined using Krippendorff’s alpha (K alpha) coefficient for PEM attendings with = 25 scans, PEM attendings with 1-24 scans, PEM attendings with 0 scans, PEM fellows with = 25 scans, and PEM fellows with 1-24 scans. K alpha = 0.800 is determined as good agreement and a K alpha = 0.667 is considered an unacceptable level of agreement.Results: 263 PEM physicians completed the survey. Respondent demographics are found in Table 2. Agreement among subgroups is found in Table 3. PEM attendings with = 25 scans had moderate agreement (K alpha = 0.740). PEM fellows with = 25 scans had good agreement (K alpha = 0.811). PEM attendings with no prior ultrasound experience had lack of acceptable agreement (K alpha = 0.630). Highest divergence in responses included clips displaying minimal wall or valve motion as well as swirling blood in an otherwise static heart.Conclusion: There is moderate inter-observer agreement interpreting pediatric cardiac standstill on POCUS during cardiac resuscitations among PEM attendings who are considered proficient. Minimal cardiac structural movements during POCUS may influence interpretation. Cardiac POCUS may be a useful tool to guide resuscitation efforts in pediatric patients.

Published
2022

32. Parametric-resonance entangling gates with a tunable coupler

Author

Sete, Eyob A., Didier, Nicolas, Chen, Angela Q., Kulshreshtha, Shobhan, Manenti, Riccardo, and Poletto, Stefano

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

High-fidelity parametric gates have been demonstrated with superconducting qubits via rf flux modulation of the qubit frequency. The modulation however leads to renormalization of the bare qubit-qubit coupling, thereby reducing the gate speed. Here, we realize a parametric-resonance gate, which is activated by bringing the average frequency of the modulated qubit in resonance with a static-frequency qubit while approximately retaining the bare qubit-qubit coupling. The activation of parametric-resonance gates does not depend on the frequency of modulation, allowing us to choose the modulation frequencies and avoid frequency collisions. Moreover, we show that this approach is compatible with tunable coupler architectures, which reduce always-on residual couplings. Using these techniques, we demonstrate iSWAP and CZ gates between two qubits coupled via a tunable coupler with average process fidelities as high as $99.3\%$ and $97.9\%$, respectively. The flexibility in activating parametric-resonance gates combined with a tunable coupler architecture provides a pathway for building large-scale quantum computers., Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures and one table. Published version

Published
2021
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33. Floating tunable coupler for scalable quantum computing architectures

Author

Sete, Eyob A., Chen, Angela Q., Manenti, Riccardo, Kulshreshtha, Shobhan, and Poletto, Stefano

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

We propose a floating tunable coupler that does not rely on direct qubit-qubit coupling capacitances to achieve the zero-coupling condition. We show that the polarity of the qubit-coupler couplings can be engineered to offset the otherwise constant qubit-qubit coupling and attain the zero-coupling condition when the coupler frequency is above or below the qubit frequencies. We experimentally demonstrate these two operating regimes of the tunable coupler by implementing symmetric and asymmetric configurations of the coupler's superconducting pads with respect to the qubits. Such a floating tunable coupler provides flexibility in designing large-scale quantum processors while reducing the always-on residual couplings., Comment: 12 pages, and 7 figures; published version

Published
2021
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35. Cowpea Mosaic Virus Nanoparticle Vaccine Candidates Displaying Peptide Epitopes Can Neutralize the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus

Author

Ortega-Rivera, Oscar A, Shukla, Sourabh, Shin, Matthew D, Chen, Angela, Beiss, Veronique, Moreno-Gonzalez, Miguel A, Zheng, Yi, Clark, Alex E, Carlin, Aaron F, Pokorski, Jonathan K, and Steinmetz, Nicole F

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Immunology, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Immunization, Rare Diseases, Biotechnology, Prevention, Pneumonia & Influenza, Vaccine Related, Infectious Diseases, Biodefense, Pneumonia, Lung, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, 3.4 Vaccines, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Animals, COVID-19, Comovirus, Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte, Humans, Immunization, Passive, Mice, Nanoparticles, Peptides, SARS-CoV-2, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Vaccines, COVID-19 Serotherapy, SARS, coronavirus, CPMV, peptide-based vaccine, slow-release formulation, Medical Microbiology, Medical microbiology
Abstract

The development of vaccines against coronaviruses has focused on the spike (S) protein, which is required for the recognition of host-cell receptors and thus elicits neutralizing antibodies. Targeting conserved epitopes on the S protein offers the potential for pan-beta-coronavirus vaccines that could prevent future pandemics. We displayed five B-cell epitopes, originally identified in the convalescent sera from recovered severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) patients, on the surface of the cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) and evaluated these formulations as vaccines. Prime-boost immunization of mice with three of these candidate vaccines, CPMV-988, CPMV-1173, and CPMV-1209, elicited high antibody titers that neutralized the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in vitro and showed an early Th1-biased profile (2-4 weeks) transitioning to a slightly Th2-biased profile just after the second boost (6 weeks). A pentavalent slow-release implant comprising all five peptides displayed on the CPMV elicited anti-S protein and epitope-specific antibody titers, albeit at a lower magnitude compared to the soluble formulations. While the CPMV remained intact when released from the PLGA implants, processing results in loss of RNA, which acts as an adjuvant. Loss of RNA may be a reason for the lower efficacy of the implants. Finally, although the three epitopes (988, 1173, and 1209) that were found to be neutralizing the SARS-CoV were 100% identical to the SARS-CoV-2, none of the vaccine candidates neutralized the SARS-CoV-2 in vitro suggesting differences in the natural epitope perhaps caused by conformational changes or the presence of N-linked glycans. While a cross-protective vaccine candidate was not developed, a multivalent SARS vaccine was developed. The technology discussed here is a versatile vaccination platform that can be pivoted toward other diseases and applications that are not limited to infectious diseases.

Published
2021

36. Sinonasal Quality of Life Outcomes after Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Surgery with Posterior Septum Free Mucosal Graft Reconstruction

Author

Wu, Tara J, Chen, Angela, Wells, Christine, Heaney, Anthony P, Bergsneider, Marvin, and Wang, Marilene B

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Brain Disorders, Neurosciences, Clinical Research, Cancer, 6.4 Surgery, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, endoscopic endonasal transphenoidal surgery, sellar reconstruction, free mucosal graft, quality of life, sinonasal outcome test-22, sinonasal morbidity, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Dentistry
Abstract

Objective  Quality of life (QoL) outcomes following endoscopic endonasal transphenoidal surgery (EETS) across a variety of reconstructive methods improve by 2 to 6 months. An option for sellar reconstruction, in the absence of a significant intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, is a free mucosal graft (FMG) from the posterior septum. We analyze sinonasal QoL outcomes in patients undergoing EETS with FMG reconstruction. Study Design  This study was a retrospective review. Setting  This study was conducted at tertiary care academic center. Participants  This study group consisted of patients undergoing EETS for pituitary adenomas from 2013 to 2018. Main Outcome Measures  Tumor and surgical factors were included, along with postoperative complications. Patients completed Sinonasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) questionnaires. Pre- and postoperative scores were compared among the entire cohort using linear multilevel regression. A subcohort analysis was performed among patients who completed questionnaires during the preoperative visit and two postoperative visits (within 1 month and between 2 and 3 months, respectively); pre- and postoperative total and individual domain SNOT-22 scores were compared using paired t -tests. Results  A total of 243 patients underwent EETS with FMG reconstruction. Four patients (1.6%) developed a postoperative CSF leak requiring reoperation. Among the entire cohort, SNOT-22 scores increased at the first postoperative visit ( p

Published
2021

37. Trivalent Subunit Vaccine Candidates for COVID-19 and Their Delivery Devices

Author

Ortega-Rivera, Oscar A, Shin, Matthew D, Chen, Angela, Beiss, Veronique, Moreno-Gonzalez, Miguel A, Lopez-Ramirez, Miguel A, Reynoso, Maria, Wang, Hong, Hurst, Brett L, Wang, Joseph, Pokorski, Jonathan K, and Steinmetz, Nicole F

Subjects
Bioengineering, Immunization, Biotechnology, Prevention, Pneumonia & Influenza, Vaccine Related, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Biodefense, Infectious Diseases, 3.4 Vaccines, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Animals, COVID-19, COVID-19 Vaccines, Comovirus, Computer Simulation, Delayed-Action Preparations, Drug Compounding, Epitopes, Hot Temperature, Humans, Male, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Nanoparticles, Peptides, SARS-CoV-2, Vaccination, Vaccines, Subunit, Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle, Chemical Sciences, General Chemistry
Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need for platform technologies enabling rapid development of vaccines for emerging viral diseases. The current vaccines target the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein and thus far have shown tremendous efficacy. However, the need for cold-chain distribution, a prime-boost administration schedule, and the emergence of variants of concern (VOCs) call for diligence in novel SARS-CoV-2 vaccine approaches. We studied 13 peptide epitopes from SARS-CoV-2 and identified three neutralizing epitopes that are highly conserved among the VOCs. Monovalent and trivalent COVID-19 vaccine candidates were formulated by chemical conjugation of the peptide epitopes to cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) nanoparticles and virus-like particles (VLPs) derived from bacteriophage Qβ. Efficacy of this approach was validated first using soluble vaccine candidates as solo or trivalent mixtures and subcutaneous prime-boost injection. The high thermal stability of our vaccine candidates allowed for formulation into single-dose injectable slow-release polymer implants, manufactured by melt extrusion, as well as microneedle (MN) patches, obtained through casting into micromolds, for prime-boost self-administration. Immunization of mice yielded high titers of antibodies against the target epitope and S protein, and data confirms that antibodies block receptor binding and neutralize SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 against infection of human cells. We present a nanotechnology vaccine platform that is stable outside the cold-chain and can be formulated into delivery devices enabling single administration or self-administration. CPMV or Qβ VLPs could be stockpiled, and epitopes exchanged to target new mutants or emergent diseases as the need arises.

Published
2021

38. Eight-Year Outcomes of Bilateral Lateral Rectus Recessions versus Unilateral Recession-Resection in Childhood Basic-Type Intermittent Exotropia

Author

Miller, Aaron M., Olvera, Maria N., Alexander, Monsey L., Curtin, Kathleen Mary, Dillon, Angela C., Gray, Carole L., Jackson, Jorie L., Qadir, Ximena V., Ramos, Cynthia R., Paysse, Evelyn A., Coats, David K., Yen, Kimberly G., Romany, Gihan, Homann, Melynda J., Kong, Lingkun, Law, Christine, Churchill, Sarah, MacSween, Lesley E., Hoover, Darren L., Huston, Pamela A., Racan, Pamela M., Soros, Kari E., Sala, Nicholas A., Sala, Nicholas Anthony, Johnson, Catherine, Sala, Allyson, Zeto, V. Lori, Donahue, Sean P., Wilkins, Carsyn Saige, Biernacki, Ronald J., Campbell, Megan K., Fraine, Lisa A., Ruark, Scott T., Crouch, Eric, Crouch, Earl R., Jr., Ventura, Gaylord G., Fritz, Carolina Andrea, Anderson, Jill S., Areaux, Raymond G., Jr, Holleschau, Ann M., Harder, Jessica Ann, May, Laura M., Merrill, Kim S., Schweigert, Anna I., Petersen, David B., Pickens, Tori S., McMurtrey, J. Ryan, Morrell, Beth A., Repka, Michael X., Liu, Xiaonong, Christoff, Alex, Silbert, David I., Modjesky, Heather, Woodall, Hayley L., Summers, Allison I., Kuo, Annie F., Wilson, Lorri B., Rauch, Paula, Lee, Jessy, Casey, Grant A., Narain, Srianna, Woodruff, Kevin, Ticho, Benjamin H., Clausius, Deborah A., Allen, Megan, Quebbemann, Micaela N., Shah, Birva K., Bothun, Erick D., Holmes, Jonathan M., Mohney, Brian G., Wernimont, Suzanne M., Czaplewski, Lindsay L., Eastman, Stacy L., Huisman, Jordan Joseph, Klaehn, Lindsay D., Kramer, Andrea M., Kroening, Rose M., Priebe, Debbie M., Wohlers, Moriah A., Jensen, Allison A., Flanagan, Maureen A., Tolbert, Tiffany Talia, Traboulsi, Elias, Ghasia, Fatema F., Meador, Angela M., McOwen, Diana Christine, Enyedi, Laura B., Jones, Sarah K., Kashyap, Namita, Loud, Rachel N., Waters, Amy L., Marsh, Justin D., Bond, Lezlie L., Ariss, Michelle M., Dent, Rebecca J., Phillips, Paul H., Lowery, Robert Scott, Haley, Wendy Jean, Brown, Shaina, Colon, Beth, Cupit, Shawn L., Holtorf, Hannah L., Sanders, Hayley Elizabeth, Bowsher, James D., Cheeseman, Edward W., Weas, Nikki M., Bradham, Carol U., Rahmani, Bahram, Ranaivo, Hantamalala Ralay, Cruz, Karla G., De Leon, Erika A., Klauer, Anthony Jeffrey, Tzanetakos, Vivian, McCoy Vrablec, Laura, Orge, Faruk H., Richards, Leslie, Baird, Alicia Marie, Glaser, Stephen R., Yost, Kasey L., Flores, Odalis R., Herlihy, Erin P., Taira, Alyssa, Alexander, Jessica, Gladstone, Amy, Kiens, Bridget Ann, Tews, Lyndsey A., Whitehead, George F., Shea, Caroline J., Stillman, SueAnn Marie, Nye, Christina N., Bartiss, Michael John, McGaw, Tennille F., Davis, Patricia L., Hulett, Katie R., Twite, Jacqueline, Bradfield, Yasmin S., Adler, Angela M., Anderson, Kristin A., Kraker, Raymond T., Beck, Roy W., Austin, Darrell S., Boyle, Nicole M., Chandler, Danielle L., Connelly, Patricia L., Conner, Courtney L., Donahue, Quayle, Fimbel, Brooke P., Henderson, Robert J., Hoepner, James E., Kaplon, Joseph D., Melia, B. Michele, Ortiz, Gillaine, Robinson, Julianne L., Stutz, Kathleen M., Sutherland, Desirae R., Toro, David O., Woodard, Victoria C., Wu, Rui, Cotter, Susan A., Birch, Eileen E., Christiansen, Stephen P., Hatt, Sarah R., Leske, David A., Melia, Michele, O’Hara, Mary, Pang, Yi, Romanchuck, Kenneth, Tamkins, Susanna M., Wallace, David K., Wheeler, David T., Bhatt, Amit, Chen, Angela M., Cheung, Nathan L., Cobb, Patricia, Colon, Beth J., Crouch, Eric R., Dean, Trevano W., Erzurum, S. Ayse, Esposito, Christina A., Fang, Caroline C., Gray, Michael E., Gunton, Kammi B., Hopkins, Kristine B., Jastrzembski, Benjamin G., Jenewein, Erin C., Jordan, Catherine O., Kraus, Courtney, Kurup, Sudhi P., Lazar, Elizabeth L., Li, Zhuokai, Lorenzana, Ingryd, McDowell, Paula S., Morrison, Ann M., Morrison, David G., Nylin, Elyse, Parker, Sue M., Patel, Reena, Plaumann, Maureen D., Pollack, Karen, Raghuram, Aparna, Retnasothie, Dashaini V., Roberts, Tawna L., Scheiman, Mitchell M., Shah, Veeral S., Superstein, Rosanne, Titelbaum, Jenna R., Vricella, Marilyn, Yamada, Tomohiko, Astle, William F., Christian, Melanie L., Everett, Donald F., Freedman, Sharon F., Good, William V., Lambert, Scott R., Lee, Katherine A., London, Richard, Manh, Vivian M., Manny, Ruth E., Pineles, Stacy L., Rogers, David L., Schweinler, Bonita R., Silver, Jayne L., Suh, Donny W., Verderber, Lisa C., Weise, Katherine K., Diener-West, Marie, Baker, John D., Davis, Barry, Higgins, Rosemary D., Poff, Stephen W., Saunders, Richard A., and Tychsen, Lawrence

Published
2024
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40. Constraints on dark matter to dark radiation conversion in the late universe with DES-Y1 and external data

Author

Chen, Angela, Huterer, Dragan, Lee, Sujeong, Ferté, Agnès, Weaverdyck, Noah, Alves, Otavio Alonso, Leonard, C. Danielle, MacCrann, Niall, Raveri, Marco, Porredon, Anna, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Muir, Jessica, Lemos, Pablo, Liddle, Andrew, Blazek, Jonathan, Campos, Andresa, Cawthon, Ross, Choi, Ami, Dodelson, Scott, Elvin-Poole, Jack, Gruen, Daniel, Ross, Ashley, Secco, Lucas F., Sevilla, Ignacio, Sheldon, Erin, Troxel, Michael A., Zuntz, Joe, Abbott, Tim, Aguena, Michel, Allam, Sahar, Annis, James, Avila, Santiago, Bertin, Emmanuel, Bhargava, Sunayana, Bridle, Sarah, Brooks, David, Rosell, Aurelio Carnero, Kind, Matias Carrasco, Carretero, Jorge, Costanzi, Matteo, Crocce, Martin, da Costa, Luiz, Pereira, Maria Elidaiana da Silva, Davis, Tamara, Doel, Peter, Eifler, Tim, Ferrero, Ismael, Fosalba, Pablo, Frieman, Josh, Garcia-Bellido, Juan, Gaztanaga, Enrique, Gerdes, David, Gruendl, Robert, Gschwend, Julia, Gutierrez, Gaston, Hinton, Samuel, Hollowood, Devon L., Honscheid, Klaus, Hoyle, Ben, James, David, Jarvis, Mike, Kuehn, Kyler, Lahav, Ofer, Maia, Marcio, Marshall, Jennifer, Menanteau, Felipe, Miquel, Ramon, Morgan, Robert, Palmese, Antonella, Paz-Chinchon, Francisco, Malagón, Andrés Plazas, Roodman, Aaron, Sanchez, Eusebio, Scarpine, Vic, Schubnell, Michael, Serrano, Santiago, Smith, Mathew, Suchyta, Eric, Tarle, Gregory, Thomas, Daniel, To, Chun-Hao, Varga, Tamas Norbert, Weller, Jochen, and Wilkinson, Reese

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We study a phenomenological class of models where dark matter converts to dark radiation in the low redshift epoch. This class of models, dubbed DMDR, characterizes the evolution of comoving dark matter density with two extra parameters, and may be able to help alleviate the observed discrepancies between early- and late-time probes of the universe. We investigate how the conversion affects key cosmological observables such as the CMB temperature and matter power spectra. Combining 3x2pt data from Year 1 of the Dark Energy Survey, {\it Planck}-2018 CMB temperature and polarization data, supernovae (SN) Type Ia data from Pantheon, and baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) data from BOSS DR12, MGS and 6dFGS, we place new constraints on the amount of dark matter that has converted to dark radiation and the rate of this conversion. The fraction of the dark matter that has converted since the beginning of the universe in units of the current amount of dark matter, $\zeta$, is constrained at 68\% confidence level to be $<0.32$ for DES-Y1 3x2pt data, $<0.030$ for CMB+SN+BAO data, and $<0.037$ for the combined dataset. The probability that the DES and CMB+SN+BAO datasets are concordant increases from 4\% for the $\Lambda$CDM model to 8\% (less tension) for DMDR. The tension in $S_8 = \sigma_8 \sqrt{\Omega_{\rm m}/0.3}$ between DES-Y1 3x2pt and CMB+SN+BAO is slightly reduced from $2.3\sigma$ to $1.9\sigma$. We find no reduction in the Hubble tension when the combined data is compared to distance-ladder measurements in the DMDR model. The maximum-posterior goodness-of-fit statistics of DMDR and $\Lambda$CDM model are comparable, indicating no preference for the DMDR cosmology over $\Lambda$CDM., Comment: 23 pages, 11 figures. DES extensions group. Accepted by PRD

Published
2020
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41. Cosmology Intertwined II: The Hubble Constant Tension

Author

Di Valentino, Eleonora, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Akarsu, Ozgur, Ali-Haimoud, Yacine, Amendola, Luca, Arendse, Nikki, Asgari, Marika, Ballardini, Mario, Basilakos, Spyros, Battistelli, Elia, Benetti, Micol, Birrer, Simon, Bouchet, François R., Bruni, Marco, Calabrese, Erminia, Camarena, David, Capozziello, Salvatore, Chen, Angela, Chluba, Jens, Chudaykin, Anton, Colgáin, Eoin Ó, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, de Bernardis, Paolo, Pérez, Javier de Cruz, Delabrouille, Jacques, Dunkley, Jo, Escamilla-Rivera, Celia, Ferté, Agnès, Finelli, Fabio, Freedman, Wendy, Frusciante, Noemi, Giusarma, Elena, Gómez-Valent, Adrià, Guy, Julien, Handley, Will, Harrison, Ian, Hart, Luke, Heavens, Alan, Hildebrandt, Hendrik, Holz, Daniel, Huterer, Dragan, Ivanov, Mikhail M., Joudaki, Shahab, Kamionkowski, Marc, Karwal, Tanvi, Knox, Lloyd, Kumar, Suresh, Lamagna, Luca, Lesgourgues, Julien, Lucca, Matteo, Marra, Valerio, Masi, Silvia, Matarrese, Sabino, Mazumdar, Arindam, Melchiorri, Alessandro, Mena, Olga, Mersini-Houghton, Laura, Miranda, Vivian, Moreno-Pulido, Cristian, Mota, David F., Muir, Jessica, Mukherjee, Ankan, Niedermann, Florian, Notari, Alessio, Nunes, Rafael C., Pace, Francesco, Paliathanasis, Andronikos, Palmese, Antonella, Pan, Supriya, Paoletti, Daniela, Pettorino, Valeria, Piacentini, Francesco, Poulin, Vivian, Raveri, Marco, Riess, Adam G., Salzano, Vincenzo, Saridakis, Emmanuel N., Sen, Anjan A., Shafieloo, Arman, Shajib, Anowar J., Silk, Joseph, Silvestri, Alessandra, Sloth, Martin S., Smith, Tristan L., Solà, Joan, van de Bruck, Carsten, Verde, Licia, Visinelli, Luca, Wandelt, Benjamin D., Wang, Deng, Wang, Jian-Min, Yadav, Anil K., and Yang, Weiqiang

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

The current cosmological probes have provided a fantastic confirmation of the standard $\Lambda$ Cold Dark Matter cosmological model, that has been constrained with unprecedented accuracy. However, with the increase of the experimental sensitivity a few statistically significant tensions between different independent cosmological datasets emerged. While these tensions can be in portion the result of systematic errors, the persistence after several years of accurate analysis strongly hints at cracks in the standard cosmological scenario and the need for new physics. In this Letter of Interest we will focus on the $4.4\sigma$ tension between the Planck estimate of the Hubble constant $H_0$ and the SH0ES collaboration measurements. After showing the $H_0$ evaluations made from different teams using different methods and geometric calibrations, we will list a few interesting new physics models that could solve this tension and discuss how the next decade experiments will be crucial., Comment: Snowmass2021 - Letter of Interest

Published
2020
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42. Cosmology Intertwined IV: The Age of the Universe and its Curvature

Author

Di Valentino, Eleonora, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Akarsu, Ozgur, Ali-Haimoud, Yacine, Amendola, Luca, Arendse, Nikki, Asgari, Marika, Ballardini, Mario, Basilakos, Spyros, Battistelli, Elia, Benetti, Micol, Birrer, Simon, Bouchet, François R., Bruni, Marco, Calabrese, Erminia, Camarena, David, Capozziello, Salvatore, Chen, Angela, Chluba, Jens, Chudaykin, Anton, Colgáin, Eoin Ó, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, de Bernardis, Paolo, Pérez, Javier de Cruz, Delabrouille, Jacques, Escamilla-Rivera, Celia, Ferté, Agnès, Finelli, Fabio, Freedman, Wendy, Frusciante, Noemi, Giusarma, Elena, Gómez-Valent, Adrià, Handley, Will, Harrison, Ian, Hart, Luke, Heavens, Alan, Hildebrandt, Hendrik, Holz, Daniel, Huterer, Dragan, Ivanov, Mikhail M., Joudaki, Shahab, Kamionkowski, Marc, Karwal, Tanvi, Knox, Lloyd, Kumar, Suresh, Lamagna, Luca, Lesgourgues, Julien, Lucca, Matteo, Marra, Valerio, Masi, Silvia, Matarrese, Sabino, Mazumdar, Arindam, Melchiorri, Alessandro, Mena, Olga, Mersini-Houghton, Laura, Miranda, Vivian, Moreno-Pulido, Cristian, Mota, David F., Muir, Jessica, Mukherjee, Ankan, Niedermann, Florian, Notari, Alessio, Nunes, Rafael C., Pace, Francesco, Paliathanasis, Andronikos, Palmese, Antonella, Pan, Supriya, Paoletti, Daniela, Pettorino, Valeria, Piacentini, Francesco, Poulin, Vivian, Raveri, Marco, Riess, Adam G., Salzano, Vincenzo, Saridakis, Emmanuel N., Sen, Anjan A., Shafieloo, Arman, Shajib, Anowar J., Silk, Joseph, Silvestri, Alessandra, Sloth, Martin S., Smith, Tristan L., Solà, Joan, van de Bruck, Carsten, Verde, Licia, Visinelli, Luca, Wandelt, Benjamin D., Wang, Deng, Wang, Jian-Min, Yadav, Anil K., and Yang, Weiqiang

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

A precise measurement of the curvature of the Universe is of primeval importance for cosmology since it could not only confirm the paradigm of primordial inflation but also help in discriminating between different early Universe scenarios. The recent observations, while broadly consistent with a spatially flat standard $\Lambda$ Cold Dark Matter ($\Lambda$CDM) model, are showing tensions that still allow (and, in some cases, even suggest) a few percent deviations from a flat universe. In particular, the Planck Cosmic Microwave Background power spectra, assuming the nominal likelihood, prefer a closed universe at more than 99\% confidence level. While new physics could be in action, this anomaly may be the result of an unresolved systematic error or just a statistical fluctuation. However, since a positive curvature allows a larger age of the Universe, an accurate determination of the age of the oldest objects provides a smoking gun in confirming or falsifying the current flat $\Lambda$CDM model., Comment: Snowmass2021 - Letter of Interest

Published
2020
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43. Cosmology Intertwined III: $f \sigma_8$ and $S_8$

Author

Di Valentino, Eleonora, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Akarsu, Ozgur, Ali-Haimoud, Yacine, Amendola, Luca, Arendse, Nikki, Asgari, Marika, Ballardini, Mario, Basilakos, Spyros, Battistelli, Elia, Benetti, Micol, Birrer, Simon, Bouchet, François R., Bruni, Marco, Calabrese, Erminia, Camarena, David, Capozziello, Salvatore, Chen, Angela, Chluba, Jens, Chudaykin, Anton, Colgáin, Eoin Ó, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, de Bernardis, Paolo, Pérez, Javier de Cruz, Delabrouille, Jacques, Dunkley, Jo, Escamilla-Rivera, Celia, Ferté, Agnès, Finelli, Fabio, Freedman, Wendy, Frusciante, Noemi, Giusarma, Elena, Gómez-Valent, Adrià, Handley, Will, Harrison, Ian, Hart, Luke, Heavens, Alan, Hildebrandt, Hendrik, Holz, Daniel, Huterer, Dragan, Ivanov, Mikhail M., Joudaki, Shahab, Kamionkowski, Marc, Karwal, Tanvi, Knox, Lloyd, Kumar, Suresh, Lamagna, Luca, Lesgourgues, Julien, Lucca, Matteo, Marra, Valerio, Masi, Silvia, Matarrese, Sabino, Mazumdar, Arindam, Melchiorri, Alessandro, Mena, Olga, Mersini-Houghton, Laura, Miranda, Vivian, Moreno-Pulido, Cristian, Mota, David F., Muir, Jessica, Mukherjee, Ankan, Niedermann, Florian, Notari, Alessio, Nunes, Rafael C., Pace, Francesco, Paliathanasis, Andronikos, Palmese, Antonella, Pan, Supriya, Paoletti, Daniela, Pettorino, Valeria, Piacentini, Francesco, Poulin, Vivian, Raveri, Marco, Riess, Adam G., Salzano, Vincenzo, Saridakis, Emmanuel N., Sen, Anjan A., Shafieloo, Arman, Shajib, Anowar J., Silk, Joseph, Silvestri, Alessandra, Sloth, Martin S., Smith, Tristan L., Solà, Joan, van de Bruck, Carsten, Verde, Licia, Visinelli, Luca, Wandelt, Benjamin D., Wang, Deng, Wang, Jian-Min, Yadav, Anil K., and Yang, Weiqiang

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

The standard $\Lambda$ Cold Dark Matter cosmological model provides a wonderful fit to current cosmological data, but a few tensions and anomalies became statistically significant with the latest data analyses. While these anomalies could be due to the presence of systematic errors in the experiments, they could also indicate the need for new physics beyond the standard model. In this Letter of Interest we focus on the tension of the Planck data with weak lensing measurements and redshift surveys, about the value of the matter energy density $\Omega_m$, and the amplitude or rate of the growth of structure ($\sigma_8,f\sigma_8$). We list a few interesting models for solving this tension, and we discuss the importance of trying to fit with a single model a full array of data and not just one parameter at a time., Comment: Snowmass2021 - Letter of Interest

Published
2020
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44. Cosmology Intertwined I: Perspectives for the Next Decade

Author

Di Valentino, Eleonora, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Akarsu, Ozgur, Ali-Haimoud, Yacine, Amendola, Luca, Arendse, Nikki, Asgari, Marika, Ballardini, Mario, Basilakos, Spyros, Battistelli, Elia, Benetti, Micol, Birrer, Simon, Bouchet, François R., Bruni, Marco, Calabrese, Erminia, Camarena, David, Capozziello, Salvatore, Chen, Angela, Chluba, Jens, Chudaykin, Anton, Colgáin, Eoin Ó, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, de Bernardis, Paolo, Pérez, Javier de Cruz, Delabrouille, Jacques, Dunkley, Jo, Escamilla-Rivera, Celia, Ferté, Agnès, Finelli, Fabio, Freedman, Wendy, Frusciante, Noemi, Giusarma, Elena, Gómez-Valent, Adrià, Handley, Will, Harrison, Ian, Hart, Luke, Heavens, Alan, Hildebrandt, Hendrik, Holz, Daniel, Huterer, Dragan, Ivanov, Mikhail M., Joudaki, Shahab, Kamionkowski, Marc, Karwal, Tanvi, Knox, Lloyd, Kumar, Suresh, Lamagna, Luca, Lesgourgues, Julien, Lucca, Matteo, Marra, Valerio, Masi, Silvia, Matarrese, Sabino, Mazumdar, Arindam, Melchiorri, Alessandro, Mena, Olga, Mersini-Houghton, Laura, Miranda, Vivian, Moreno-Pulido, Cristian, Mota, David F., Muir, Jessica, Mukherjee, Ankan, Niedermann, Florian, Notari, Alessio, Nunes, Rafael C., Pace, Francesco, Paliathanasis, Andronikos, Palmese, Antonella, Pan, Supriya, Paoletti, Daniela, Pettorino, Valeria, Piacentini, Francesco, Poulin, Vivian, Raveri, Marco, Riess, Adam G., Salzano, Vincenzo, Saridakis, Emmanuel N., Sen, Anjan A., Shafieloo, Arman, Shajib, Anowar J., Silk, Joseph, Silvestri, Alessandra, Sloth, Martin S., Smith, Tristan L., Solà, Joan, van de Bruck, Carsten, Verde, Licia, Visinelli, Luca, Wandelt, Benjamin D., Wang, Deng, Wang, Jian-Min, Yadav, Anil K., and Yang, Weiqiang

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

The standard $\Lambda$ Cold Dark Matter cosmological model provides an amazing description of a wide range of astrophysical and astronomical data. However, there are a few big open questions, that make the standard model look like a first-order approximation to a more realistic scenario that still needs to be fully understood. In this Letter of Interest we will list a few important goals that need to be addressed in the next decade, also taking into account the current discordances present between the different cosmological probes, as the Hubble constant $H_0$ value, the $\sigma_8 - S_8$ tension, and the anomalies present in the Planck results. Finally, we will give an overview of upgraded experiments and next-generation space-missions and facilities on Earth, that will be of crucial importance to address all these questions., Comment: Snowmass2021 - Letter of Interest

Published
2020
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45. Conservation and divergence of vulnerability and responses to stressors between human and mouse astrocytes.

Author

Li, Jiwen, Pan, Lin, Pembroke, William G, Rexach, Jessica E, Godoy, Marlesa I, Condro, Michael C, Alvarado, Alvaro G, Harteni, Mineli, Chen, Yen-Wei, Stiles, Linsey, Chen, Angela Y, Wanner, Ina B, Yang, Xia, Goldman, Steven A, Geschwind, Daniel H, Kornblum, Harley I, and Zhang, Ye

Subjects
Astrocytes, Cells, Cultured, Mitochondria, Animals, Humans, Mice, Nervous System Diseases, Inflammation, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Poly I-C, Species Specificity, Antigen Presentation, Gene Expression, Oxidative Stress, Transcriptome, Inactivation, Metabolic
Abstract

Astrocytes play important roles in neurological disorders such as stroke, injury, and neurodegeneration. Most knowledge on astrocyte biology is based on studies of mouse models and the similarities and differences between human and mouse astrocytes are insufficiently characterized, presenting a barrier in translational research. Based on analyses of acutely purified astrocytes, serum-free cultures of primary astrocytes, and xenografted chimeric mice, we find extensive conservation in astrocytic gene expression between human and mouse samples. However, the genes involved in defense response and metabolism show species-specific differences. Human astrocytes exhibit greater susceptibility to oxidative stress than mouse astrocytes, due to differences in mitochondrial physiology and detoxification pathways. In addition, we find that mouse but not human astrocytes activate a molecular program for neural repair under hypoxia, whereas human but not mouse astrocytes activate the antigen presentation pathway under inflammatory conditions. Here, we show species-dependent properties of astrocytes, which can be informative for improving translation from mouse models to humans.

Published
2021

50. Design of a hybrid organosolv-ionoSolv lignin fractionation method and lignin-like polymer synthesis for value added applications

Author

Chen, Angela Meng and Hallett, Jason Patrick

Abstract

Biofuel technology has been introduced to reduce the reliance on fossil fuels. It is also superior for addressing environmental issues, such as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass has been attracting attention due to the high abundance of the feedstock and the incredible GHG emission reduction associated with the production process. Ionic liquid pretreament, the ionoSolv process, and organosolv pretreatment are well-known for their selective fractionation performance. The ionoSolv process is able to generate a highly digestible cellulose fraction and the organosolv process is famous for producing high quality lignin as the side product, where the lignin generated is suitable for value-added applications. Here, a hybrid pretreament process has been developed based on these two processes, where two protic ionic liquids and three organic solvents were the selected solvents. The new process has been tested on three classes of feedstocks, miscanthus, pine and agricultural residues. The pretreatment effectiveness was determined by enzymatic saccharification and compositional analysis. The isolated lignin fraction was subjected to HSQC and GPC analysis. For miscanthus, ethanol/butanol-IL process was able to produce a highly digestible pulp with a glucose yield of up to 85%, 10% higher than the standard ionoSolv pulp, due to more profound lignin removal for the hybrid process. The process maintained its functionality with a range of IL acidities, 1.00 to 1.02 (acid/base) and up to 50% wt biomass loading. Similar glucose yield increases were observed for pine, rice husk and bagasse. For the process of two straws, additional hemicellulose releases were detected in enzymatic hydrolysis while the level of glucose yields remained the same as for the ionoSolv ones. HSQC NMR of the lignin indicated that α-alkoxylation took place during ethanol/butanol-IL fractionation, inhibiting lignin condensation. Three major monolignols were synthesised and radical polymerisation induced by horseradish peroxidases was conducted for the monolignols synthesised. The lignin-like polymer was analysed by GPC.

Published
2020
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