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2019 DEC 21 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Investigators publish new report on Oncology - Bladder Cancer. According to news [...]

2019 NOV 23 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Researchers detail new data in Oncology - Colon Cancer. According to news [...]

2019 MAY 18 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Current study results on Drugs and Therapies - Central Nervous System Agents [...]

2019 MAR 30 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Investigators publish new report on Oncology - Breast Cancer. According to news [...]

Purpose: Sjogren's syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease affecting approximately 3 million Americans, primarily perimenopausal women. The syndrome is characterized by dysfunction and destruction of exocrine glands leading to oral and ocular manifestations, xerostomia and keratitis sicca. Sjogren's syndrome commonly remains either undiagnosed or is diagnosed years after the onset of symptoms. Diagnosis is based on the concurrent presence of various signs and symptoms of the disease as established by 6 diagnostic standards set by the American European Consensus Group standards: oral symptoms, ocular symptoms, evidence of oral signs, evidence of ocular dryness, evidence of salivary gland involvement with positive Anti-Ro/La autoantibodies and a positive gland biopsy. Currently no definitive test or cure exists; treatment is predominately palliative and supportive. Conclusion: With an aging population and heavier reliance on medications and treatments which cause xerostomia, oral health professionals are likely to encounter a higher incidence of xerostomia and Sjogren's syndrome more than ever before. The dental professional must recognize the signs and symptoms of xerostomia, include Sjogren's syndrome in their differential diagnosis, and communicate those findings and concerns to other health care providers, including the primary care physician, rheumatologist and ophthalmologist for evaluation in a timely fashion. This article discusses the dental professional's role in formulating a preventive oral health plan: meticulous oral hygiene instructions, dietary counseling, a complement of chemotherapeutic agents and more frequent recall care to avoid oral complications and improve quality of life. Dental hygienists can help patients understand the wide range of products available to substitute or stimulate salivary flow, prevent or remineralize early carious lesions and relieve candidal and bacterial infections. Ultimately this collaboration of care by the dental and medical professionals will benefit the Sjogren's syndrome patient and lead to better patient outcomes. Keywords: Sjogren syndrome, autoimmune, xerostomia, sicca, interprofessional This study supports the NDHRA priority area, Clinical Dental Hygiene Care: Investigate how dental hygienists identify patients who are at-risk for oral/systemic disease., INTRODUCTION There are currently over 80 types of autoimmune diseases. (1) Autoimmune diseases mistake healthy tissues in an individual as an infection and then attempt to attack and destroy it. [...]

Case 1 Cutaneous Metastasis A 68-year-old man presented with a sudden-onset, 2.5 x 2-cm, rock-hard, erythematous, nontender nodule on the right side of the chest. A dense mat of telangiectases [...]

Byline: Arpitha. Rao, Rishabh. Kumar, Geeta. Narayanan We present this unusual case of cisplatin-induced acute myocardial infarction in a patient with no organic coronary artery disease (CAD), receiving chemoradiation for [...]

Byline: Tulay. Kus, Gokmen. Aktas, Mehmet. Kalender, Ediz. Tutar, Esra. Ulker, Celaletdin. Camci The present case report defines a rare case of a liposarcoma with bone metastasis resulting in a [...]

Byline: Abhijeet. Salunke, G. Nambi, N. Sudhakar Context: Management of extravasation injuries over the dorsum of hand after administration of chemotherapeutic agents. Aim: To study the results of hypogastric flap [...]

Byline: Chen. Jianhui, He. Yulong, Chen. Chuangqi, Wu. Kaiming, Zhang. Xinhua, Cai. Shirong Purposes: This study aims to compare the clinicopathological features of gastric carcinoma between two different time periods, [...]

The overall survival rate for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) has improved significantly. This prolongation in survival is related mainly to advances in chemotherapy regimens and radiotherapy. In contrast, the role of surgery in PCNSL has been limited because tumors are frequently not amenable to resection and because most studies have failed to show that resection is beneficial. A recent analysis of the German Primary CNS Lymphoma Study Group 1 (G-PCNSL-SG-1) trial has challenged this convention by showing that the survival of patients with PCNSL may actually be prolonged if tumors are resected. While there are a number of weaknesses in the analysis, many authorities now feel that an attempt at gross total resection is reasonable for patients with solitary lesions that can be removed without morbidity. However, even if resection does benefit some patients, the diagnosis of lymphoma is almost always made in retrospect, and there are few occasions when a neurosurgeon will actually need to make a decision whether or not to resect a known PCNSL., Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system (CNS) is recognized as a distinct entity in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of lymphoma. On occasion, primary CNS [...]

Primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma (PCNSL) is an aggressive intracranial malignant neoplasm in adults whose incidence in the United States is about 15% of that of glioblastoma. [1] Tumor [...]

Byline: Xiao-Xia. Wang, Hai-Yan. Wang, Jun-Nian. Zheng, Jian-Chao. Sui Primary cutaneous sweat gland carcinoma is a rare neoplasm of malignant sweat gland lesions. It is characterized clinically with non-symptomatic, slow-growing [...]

Byline: Manjusha. Nair, P. Kusumakumary, P. Nair Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is an uncommon malignancy in the pediatric population, accounting for only 5-10% of pediatric acute myeloid leukemias, and for [...]

Byline: Kalpathi. Krishnamani, Thota. Kumar, Linga. Gandhi, Digumarti. Raghunadharao, Gundeti. Sadashivudu, Uppin. Megha Primary Ewing's sarcoma (EWS) of the cranium is extremely rare. It accounts for INTRODUCTION Primary Ewing's sarcoma [...]

CHICAGO -- Findings of a multi-institutional cohort study provide further evidence that favorable outcomes can be achieved by carefully selected patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) who forgo radical cystectomy [...]

Dr. Jacalyn Duffin, a hematologist and medical historian at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, first became aware that certain drugs were sometimes getting hard to find in 2010, when her patient [...]

Case 1 A two-year-old boy with an ependymoma was admitted for administration of chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, etoposide and cisplatin). Previous cycles of the same chemotherapy had been well tolerated, with [...]

Byline: Jyoti. Bajpai, Nishitha. Shetty, Alok. Gupta, Aseemkumar. Samar, Rohini. Kelkar This is a rare case report of osteosarcoma with lepromatous leprosy. A 15 year old male patient presented with [...]

Byline: Ashwin. Kallianpur, Rakesh. Gupta, Dillip. Muduly, Arvind. Kapali, Kiran. Subbarao Primary osteogenic sarcomas of the breast are exceptionally uncommon. We describe such a case occurring in a 50 year-old [...]

Byline: Chandran. Nair, Milind. Kumar, Sreejith. Odayoth We are reporting a case of pneumonia associated with pleural effusion during the neutropenic phase of induction chemotherapy. In spite of being Adenosine [...]

Byline: Juan. Wang, Xiao-Chen. Chen, Jian-Ming. Hu, Xiao-Wei. Hu Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) usually present with rapidly growing lymph nodes or extra-nodal masses. Central nerve system involvement and pregnancy [...]

In acute myeloid leukemia, the karyotype of the leukemic cell is the most powerful predictor of treatment outcome. Approximately 30% of cases of AML have an unfavorable karyotype, and if treated with conventional chemotherapy, a complete response rate of about 50% and a 5-year overall survival of 10% to 20% are expected. Of those in the unfavorable group, almost half will have a complex karyotype, which is associated with a poorer outcome, and 40% of those will have a monosomal karyotype, which carries an even worse prognosis. The best chance for cure for patients with an unfavorable karyotype is seen in those who achieve a complete response and proceed to allogeneic transplant. For patients who are not candidates for aggressive therapy, preliminary data suggest that outcomes at least equivalent to those seen with standard chemotherapy can be obtained using azacitidine or decitabine., Introduction The karyotype of the leukemic cell is the strongest prognostic factor for response to induction therapy and survival in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Three cytogenetic risk groups based on [...]

Breast cancer brain metastases (BCBMs) are the second most frequent secondary central nervous system metastases following those associated with non-small-cell lung cancer. It is increasingly evident that BCBM arises as a function of the biology of the primary tumor and the metastatic niche, which combine to create a unique microenvironment in the brain impacting both metastatic colonization and therapeutic response. Clinical outcomes are improving for BCBM patients as a result of modern combinatorial therapies, challenging the traditionally nihilistic approach to this patient subgroup. This review will focus on the breast cancer subtypes with the highest incidence of BCBM--human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer, and triple-negative (estrogen receptor [ER]-negative, progesterone receptor [PR]-negative, and HER2negative) breast cancer (TNBC)--and will characterize differences in the clinical behavior of brain metastases that arise from these different subtypes. We will also highlight some of the recent preclinical studies that may shed light on the biological mechanisms and mediators underlying brain metastases. Finally, we will review published and current prospective trials of systemic therapies specifically for BCBM, including novel pathway-specific therapies., The Changing Landscape of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases The diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) recurrence is a much dreaded outcome among breast cancer patients, and its incidence varies with [...]

The article by Drs. Stein and Tallman is an excellent summary indicating that several different approaches may lead to the cure of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The goal then becomes [...]

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most commonly occurring lymphoid malignancy. While a series of trials support R-CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone, plus rituximab)-21 as the standard of care for all patients, DLBCL has substantial biological and clinical heterogeneity, leading to marked differences in outcomes for disease subgroups. We examine clinical, biological, and functional imaging techniques for risk-stratifying patients, and we review approaches for dose intensification in the rituximab era that are aimed at improving outcomes for poor-risk patients. Together, the results achieved with these measures indicate no particular benefit for administering R-CHOP-14 vs R-CHOP-21 in older or younger patients with DLBCL, highlight opportunities for future studies of young patients with high-risk DLBCL, and suggest the promise of biologic risk stratification. Such approaches will provide key opportunities for further advances in the treatment of DLBCL, given that chemotherapy intensification appears to provide limited additional benefits over the current standard of care., Introduction Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most commonly occurring lymphoid malignancy and accounts for one-third of adult cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). It is regarded as an aggressive [...]

Byline: Nidhi. Gupta, Rajesh. Vashisht, Vinod. Nimbran, Rakesh. Gupta, Neerja. Dhingra, Anjali. Bhutani Though breast carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, adequate knowledge of this disease is [...]

Byline: Mohammad. Hashmi, Nazrul. Haque, Argha. Chatterjee, Suparna. Guha Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a relatively rare disease affecting the reticuloendothelial system in the pediatric age group. It can affect [...]

Byline: Nobuhiro. Asai, Yoshihiro. Ohkuni, Ryo. Matsunuma, Kei. Nakashima, Takuya. Iwasaki, Norihiro. Kaneko Background: While more elderly patients are being diagnosed with lung cancer every year, no anti-lung cancer therapy [...]

Significant advances have been made in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Development of the targeted biologic agents and their integration with cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens has led to improvements in clinical efficacy. Despite these gains, the overall impact of these combination regimens in mCRC therapy has been relatively modest. While 2-year survival has improved, substantive gains have yet to be made in 5-year survival. However, a small subset of patients can be cured of their metastatic disease, with prolonged 5- and 10-year overall survival. This select group of patients includes those with metastatic disease limited to the liver or other organ-specific sites, as these patients are able to undergo surgical resection at the time of diagnosis or following conversion therapy with the appropriate integration of chemotherapy. A multimodality team-based approach involving medical oncologists, surgical oncologists, radiologists, and other healthcare providers is absolutely critical for the success of this therapeutic approach. This article reviews the main issues that must be considered from the surgical oncology and medical oncology perspectives, respectively., Introduction In 2012, colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be a major public health problem. In the United States this year, there will be an estimated 147,000 new cases diagnosed and [...]

It is sometimes easy to forget what the field of cancer therapy used to look like. In an early report on the natural history of 125 patients with isolated metastases [...]

In their article in this issue of ONCOLOGY, authors Bartlett and Chu discuss a very provocative suggestion that the possibility exists to cure patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Before we [...]

Lymphedema is a feared complication of cancer treatment and one that negatively impacts survivorship. The incidence of breast cancer-related lymphedema ranges from 6% to 70%, but lymphedema may be a common and under-reported morbidity. No standard guidelines for its diagnosis and assessment exist. Although the true etiology of lymphedema remains unknown, radiation, chemotherapy, type of breast surgery, and extent of axillary surgery are commonly cited risk factors. However, the relationship between the number of nodes removed and the risk of lymphedema is not clearly correlated. Clinical trials are focusing on ways to reduce the need for axillary dissection even in the setting of a positive sentinel node, to help minimize axillary morbidity. Riskreduction practices, including avoidance of skin puncture and blood pressures in the ipsilateral upper extremity, and precautionary behaviors such as wearing compression garments during air travel continue to be advocated by the medical and survivor communities, despite a lack of rigorous evidence supporting their benefit. Emerging data support exercise in at-risk and affected women with lymphedema when started gradually and increased cautiously., Introduction The most recent survivorship data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database demonstrate a significant increase in the number of US cancer survivors over the last 30 [...]