1. Residential Exposure to Outdoor Air Pollution during Pregnancy and Anthropometric Measures at Birth in a Multicenter Cohort in Spain
- Author
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Sabrina Llop, Marisa Estarlich, Carmen Freire, Ana Fernández-Somoano, Inmaculada Aguilera, Aitana Lertxundi, Ferran Ballester, Adonina Tardón, Jordi Sunyer, Mikel Basterrechea, Carmen Iñiguez, [Estarlich,M, Ballester,F, Aguilera,I, Fernandez-Somoano,A, Lertxundi,A, Llop,S, Freire,C, Tardon,A, Basterrechea,M, Sunyer,J, Iniguez,C] Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain. [Estarlich,M, Iniguez,C] Center for Public Health Research (CSISP), Valencia, Spain. [Estarlich,M, Iniguez,C] University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. [Aguilera,I, Sunyer,J] Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain. [Aguilera,I, Sunyer,J] Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain. [Fernandez-Somoano,A, Tardon,A] Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain. [Lertxundi,A, Basterrechea,M] Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Government, Gipuzkoa, Spain. [Lertxundi,A] Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, (EHU-UPV), University of the Basque Country, Gipuzkoa, Spain. [Freire,C] Laboratory of Medical Investigations, San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. [Sunyer, J] Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain, and This study was funded by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Red INMA G03/176 and CB06/02/0041), the Spanish Ministry of Health (FIS-FEDER 03/1615, 04/1509, 04/1112, 04/1931, 04/1436, 05/1079, 05/1052, 06/1213, 07/0314, 08/1151, 09/02311, 09/02647), Conselleria de Sanitat Generalitat Valenciana, Generalitat de Catalunya-CIRIT 1999SGR 00241, and the Fundación Roger Torné.
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Questionnaires ,Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Environmental Pollution::Environmental Exposure::Environmental Monitoring [Medical Subject Headings] ,Fetus -- Creixement ,Pediatrics ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,España ,air pollution ,Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Body Constitution::Body Weights and Measures::Body Size::Body Weight [Medical Subject Headings] ,Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings] ,Cohort Studies ,benzene ,birth ,Recién Nacido ,Pregnancy ,Residence Characteristics ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Toxic Actions::Environmental Pollutants::Air Pollutants [Medical Subject Headings] ,Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Environmental Pollution::Environmental Exposure::Maternal Exposure [Medical Subject Headings] ,Birth Weight ,Body Size ,Medicine ,Prospective Studies ,Prospective cohort study ,Tamaño Corporal ,Phenomena and Processes::Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena::Reproductive Physiological Phenomena::Reproductive Physiological Processes::Reproduction::Pregnancy [Medical Subject Headings] ,Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Questionnaires [Medical Subject Headings] ,Vehicle Emissions ,Geographicals::Geographic Locations::Europe::Spain [Medical Subject Headings] ,Dióxido de Nitrógeno ,Peso al Nacer ,Air Pollutants ,Inhalation Exposure ,anthropometry ,Adulto ,Distribución Espacial de la Población ,Chemicals and Drugs::Complex Mixtures::Vehicle Emissions [Medical Subject Headings] ,Adulto Joven ,Estudios Prospectivos ,Aire -- Contaminació -- Efectes fisiològics -- Epidemiologia ,Exposición Materna ,Humanos ,Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Environmental Pollution::Environmental Exposure::Inhalation Exposure [Medical Subject Headings] ,Maternal Exposure ,Femenina ,Infant, Small for Gestational Age ,Cohort ,Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Infant::Infant, Newborn::Infant, Low Birth Weight::Infant, Small for Gestational Age [Medical Subject Headings] ,Chemicals and Drugs::Inorganic Chemicals::Nitrogen Compounds::Nitrogen Oxides [Medical Subject Headings] ,Emisiones de Vehículos ,Female ,pregnancy ,Environmental Monitoring ,Cohort study ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult::Young Adult [Medical Subject Headings] ,nitrogen dioxide ,Embarazo ,Birth weight ,Monitoreo del Ambiente ,Exposición por Inhalación ,Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Physical Examination::Body Constitution::Body Weights and Measures::Body Size [Medical Subject Headings] ,Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Infant::Infant, Newborn [Medical Subject Headings] ,Young Adult ,Recién Nacido Pequeño para la Edad Gestacional ,Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult [Medical Subject Headings] ,Humans ,business.industry ,Research ,Benceno ,Infant, Newborn ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,birth weight ,Anthropometry ,medicine.disease ,Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Epidemiologic Measurements::Demography::Residence Characteristics [Medical Subject Headings] ,Confidence interval ,Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Hydrocarbons::Hydrocarbons, Cyclic::Hydrocarbons, Aromatic::Benzene [Medical Subject Headings] ,Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cohort Studies::Prospective Studies [Medical Subject Headings] ,Check Tags::Female [Medical Subject Headings] ,Spain ,Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cohort Studies [Medical Subject Headings] ,Contaminantes del Aire ,Small for gestational age ,Estudios de Cohortes ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Background: A growing body of research suggests that prenatal exposure to air pollution may be harmful to fetal development. We assessed the association between exposure to air pollution during pregnancy and anthropometric measures at birth in four areas within the Spanish Children’s Health and Environment (INMA) mother and child cohort study. Methods: Exposure to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and benzene was estimated for the residence of each woman (n = 2,337) for each trimester and for the entire pregnancy. Outcomes included birth weight, length, and head circumference. The association between residential outdoor air pollution exposure and birth outcomes was assessed with linear regression models controlled for potential confounders. We also performed sensitivity analyses for the subset of women who spent more time at home during pregnancy. Finally, we performed a combined analysis with meta-analysis techniques. Results: In the combined analysis, an increase of 10 µg/m3 in NO2 exposure during pregnancy was associated with a decrease in birth length of –0.9 mm [95% confidence interval (CI), –1.8 to –0.1 mm]. For the subset of women who spent ≥ 15 hr/day at home, the association was stronger (–0.16 mm; 95% CI, –0.27 to –0.04). For this same subset of women, a reduction of 22 g in birth weight was associated with each 10-µg/m3 increase in NO2 exposure in the second trimester (95% CI, –45.3 to 1.9). We observed no significant relationship between benzene levels and birth outcomes. Conclusions: NO2 exposure was associated with reductions in both length and weight at birth. This association was clearer for the subset of women who spent more time at home. This study was funded by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Red INMA G03/176 and CB06/02/0041), the Spanish Ministry of Health (FIS-FEDER 03/1615, 04/1509, 04/1112, 04/1931, 04/1436, 05/1079, 05/1052, 06/1213, 07/0314, 08/1151, 09/02311, 09/02647), Conselleria de Sanitat Generalitat Valenciana, Generalitat de Catalunya-CIRIT 1999SGR 00241, and the Fundación Roger Torné
- Published
- 2011