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The article presents a case study of a 6-year-old girl experiencing recurrent Kawasaki disease (KD) accompanied by Kawasaki disease shock syndrome (KDSS). Topics discussed include the challenges in diagnosing KDSS, the elevated inflammatory markers indicating severity, and the management strategies implemented, including the use of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and antiplatelet therapy.

Parotidectomy can affect facial symmetry. Our study evaluated the symmetry of different facial areas and upper neck after total parotidectomy and filling the area with vascularized fat flap (VFF). Facial symmetry was evaluated in eight patients and a control group matched in terms of gender and age, using a three-dimensional (3D) facial scanner. The operated side was compared with the non-operated side and the symmetry compared with that of the control group. Scanning was performed either within the first year (group 1; n = 5) or after 3 years (group 2; n = 3) postoperatively. The patients' cheek and neck areas were found to be significantly more asymmetric, but the cheek area in group 2 was significantly more symmetrical when compared with group 1. VFF appeared to achieve similar facial symmetry to the matched non-operated group. Time had a positive impact on the facial symmetry. The neck area was the most asymmetric, and proved to be unreliable, regardless of whether any procedure was performed or not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe and fatal disease if left untreated. In people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA), VL is considered an emerging opportunistic infection. The aim of this manuscript was to report a first case in Tunisia of a concomitant presentation of visceral and oral leishmaniasis in a patient LHA. A systematic review of the literature was performed according to PRISMA guidelines, as well. Case presentation: The patient, a 43-year-old heterosexual man, treated for HIV/AIDS was referred for macrocheilitis of the upper and lower lips. A noticeable nodular and painless swelling extending to the cheeks' mucosa was noted. The patient's poor oral hygiene was evident due to the presence of multiple dental caries. Histological analysis of the biopsied lower lip sample revealed the presence of numerous Leishmania amastigotes. The diagnosis of VL was clinically confirmed by the presence of a mild splenomegaly and pancytopenia and biologically by the identification of the parasite using PCR Lei and the species L. infantum involved using RFLP-PCR and culture. The treatment consisted of an intravenous administration of liposomal Amphotericin B (Ambisome®, 40 mg/kg/weight) for a period of 6 weeks. A favorable outcome was noted after one year with the resolution of clinical symptoms and a negative Leishmania blood PCR test. After 2 years, the patient remained asymptomatic but showed a positive Leishmania blood PCR test. Dolutegravir® was introduced in the patient's ART regimen. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report in Tunisia of atypical VL diagnosed through an uncommon oral location in an HIV/AIDS co-infected patient. Since VL is a severe and potentially fatal disease, it is essential for dentists to perform a thorough clinical examination and adopt a multidisciplinary approach in order to ensure an early diagnosis and an effective treatment outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background Methods Results Conclusions The skin barrier function is an important predictor of neonatal barrier defects. This study aimed to investigate the daily changes in skin barrier function and the impact of bathing on skin barrier function in neonates.We assessed the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and stratum corneum hydration (SCH) on the forehead, cheek, volar forearm, and chest from days 2 to 7 and at 1 month after birth. Additionally, we measured the values after bathing and compared them with the pre‐bathing values.Sixty‐six neonates were involved in the assessment, and each value at the four sites showed significant correlations. TEWL remained stable between days 2 and 7, but SCH significantly increased at most sites. Both significantly increased by 1.5–2 times in 1 month. After bathing, TEWL increased by more than 20% but decreased again after 3 h.TEWL did not change significantly with age during the first week of life. To minimize the effects of bathing, TEWL should be measured at least 3 h after bathing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Malignant eyelid tumours present a considerable challenge in the field of ophthalmic oncology, necessitating a combination of precision oncological care and meticulous reconstruction to ensure the preservation of eyelid functionality and the maintenance of facial aesthetics. Method: This study presents a review of the outcomes of 167 patients who underwent eyelid reconstruction following the excision of primary non-melanocytic malignant tumours. The choice of reconstruction technique was dependent on a number of factors, including the stage of the tumour, its location, and the characteristics of the patient. The most commonly used techniques included regional flaps, local flaps, and skin grafts. The most frequently employed reconstruction techniques were forehead flaps (59 cases), simple excisions (38 cases), and Mustarde cheek flaps (16 cases). Result: The postoperative complications, including ectropion, epiphora, and flap necrosis, were recorded. However, no significant correlation was found between the risk of complications and either the location of the tumour or the reconstruction method employed. Despite the complexity of medial canthal and lower eyelid reconstruction, satisfactory aesthetic and functional outcomes were generally achieved. Conclusions: This study emphasises the importance of individualised surgical planning, highlighting the advantages and limitations of various techniques to optimise both the functional and aesthetic results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The present study analyzed the relationship between oral motor and cognitive functions in community-dwelling older Korean adults. Methods: Study participants included 113 community-dwelling older adults with a mean age of 73.84 years. Subjects' cognition was assessed using the Korean version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and tongue, cheek, and lip pressures were assessed using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument. Tongue and masseter thicknesses were measured using an ultrasound device (Sonon, Healcerion, Roseville, CA, USA). The occlusal force was measured using a specialized device (Innobyte, Kube Innovation, Montreal, QC, Canada), and the number of lost teeth was directly verified by a dental hygienist. Results: Results of analysis of cognitive function according to demographic characteristics of older community-dwelling adults revealed a significant difference in cognitive function according to education level and employment status. Cognitive function demonstrated a positive correlation with oral motor function, including pressure on the cheek, lips, and tongue, thickness of the masseter and tongue, occlusal force, number of lost teeth, and age. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that demographic characteristics and cheek, lip, tongue, and masseter functions did not affect cognition, whereas occlusal force and number of lost teeth significantly affected cognition. In this study, oral motor function, excluding occlusal force and number of lost teeth, did not affect cognition. Conclusions: Future studies, however, are required to analyze the relationship between oral motor function and cognition in older adults with a wider range of such functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dentinogenic ghost cell tumor (DGCT) is a rare benign odontogenic tumor that commonly shows characteristics of solid proliferation and has a relatively high risk of recurrence after surgical treatment. We herein report a case of a central DGCT that occurred in the maxilla and resulted in bone expansion. This study highlights new imaging findings (particularly magnetic resonance imaging) along with histopathological observations. In addition, we conducted a review of the existing literature on this rare tumor. A 37-year-old man developed swelling around the right cheek. A benign odontogenic tumor such as ameloblastoma was suspected based on the imaging examination findings (including bone expansion and the internal characteristics of the tumor) on panoramic imaging, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. The lesion was surgically excised from the right maxilla. Postoperative histopathological examination led to a definitive diagnosis of central DGCT. The tumor comprised epithelial neoplastic islands, resembling ameloblastoma, inside tight fibroconnective tissue; masses of ghost cells and formation of dentin were also observed. We had suspected that the minute high-density region around the molars on the imaging examinations represented alveolar bone change; however, it represented dentin formation. This led to difficulty diagnosing the lesion. Although DGCT may present characteristic findings on imaging examinations, its occurrence is infrequent, and in some cases, the findings may include the presence or absence of an impacted tooth without obvious calcification. The present case suggests that we should consider the possibility of an odontogenic tumor with calcification when high-density structures are observed inside the lesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is no consensus regarding age-related facial anatomical changes. In this study, aging-related changes in soft and hard cheek tissues were quantitatively analyzed using computed tomography. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 90 Asian females who underwent facial computed tomography. Three-dimensional model of soft tissue in apple zone was reconstructed, and age-related changes in fat volume and pyriform aperture area were quantified using Mimics software. Results: The apple zone is an aesthetic unit of the infraorbital cheek, with soft tissue located between the lateral wall of the pyriform aperture and the zygomatic major muscle. The superficial fat volume significantly decreased with age (P < 0.05). In contrast, a significant decrease in total fat volume was only observed between the young and old groups (P < 0.05). In linear regression modeling, age was a significant predictor of pyriform aperture area (R2 = 0.194, P < 0.001). Conclusions: These results suggest that superficial fat atrophy and bone remodeling in the cheek with age, and both of which combine to contribute to an aging facial appearance. Level of Evidence IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of Characidium shared by adjacent tributaries of the upper portions of the Tapajós and Xingu river basins is described. Characidium varii, new species, can be distinguished from the congeners by having distinctly speckled pattern of colouration, including dark blotches on cheek and ventral surface of head, by having conspicuous dark marks on fins, along with a single row of dentary teeth, isthmus completely covered by scales, 14 circumpeduncular scales, and swimbladder reduced. Molecular data reinforce the validation of the new species. The distribution of C. varii supports the hypothesis of the existence of a faunistic mixing between Tapajós and Xingu river basins, corresponding to the region of the Serra do Cachimbo and surrounding areas, previously proposed in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 57 year old Chinese woman with a rare and potentially new syndrome characterized by palate-bucca fusion, cleft palate, and supernumerary teeth. It describes her unique condition involving a bridge-like fusion tissue from the buccal mucosa to the palate, a cleft in the soft palate, and multiple dental anomalies.

Background The infraorbital hollow (IOH) is a concavity that interrupts the smooth transition between the lower eyelid and the cheek, resulting in a fatigued and aged appearance. Injectable fillers may be utilized to correct volume deficit in the under-eye area, restoring a more youthful appearance. Objectives The objective was to demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of a cohesive polydensified matrix (CPM) hyaluronic acid (HA) filler with lidocaine (Belotero Balance (+)) for correcting volume deficit in the IOH. Methods Eligible patients with a moderate or severe rating on the Merz Infraorbital Hollow Assessment Scale (MIHAS) were randomized 2:1 to treatment or control. Controls remained untreated until Week 8 and were then treated. Touch-up injections were allowed; retreatment was offered only in the treatment group. Effectiveness was evaluated with the MIHAS. Adverse events were recorded over a 76-week period. Results The estimated average response rate (≥1 point MIHAS improvement) was 80.6% (95% CI, 71.4-87.4) in treated patients and 1.9% (95% CI, 0.3-10.2) in controls at Week 8. The difference in estimated response rates was 78.7% (95% CI, 66.3-85.6), demonstrating a statistically significant, superior response rate in treated patients compared to untreated controls. A total of 88 of 97 (90.7%) patients who responded to treatment at Week 8 retained improvement 48 weeks after treatment. Use of Belotero Balance (+) in the IOH had a favorable safety profile, with no unexpected adverse events reported. Conclusions Belotero Balance (+) is a safe and effective treatment for correcting volume deficit in the IOH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angiomyxomas, also known as vascular myxolipomas, are a rare type of soft tissue tumor characterized by the proliferation of adipose tissue within a myxoid stroma accompanied by multiple vascular channels. They represent a distinct variant of lipomas and require differentiation from other benign and malignant lipoma subtypes. Despite their rarity, only a few cases of angiomyxolipoma have been documented in medical literature. We present a case of angiomyxolipoma occurring in the cheek of a 40-year-old female patient who presented with a long-standing history of swelling on the left side of her face. Histopathological examination revealed alternating nests of myxoid and adipose tissue containing dilated blood vessels, which confirmed the diagnosis of angiomyxolipoma. This case underscores the importance of recognizing and accurately diagnosing rare soft tissue tumors like angiomyxolipoma to guide appropriate management and follow-up care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the orofacial myofunctional characteristics, masticatory performance and facial thermal profile in individuals with Parkinson disease (PD) and spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA3), comparing with healthy control ones. Method: Seventy‐two participants aged between 30 and 85 years were evaluated and divided into PD, SCA3 and control groups. The assessments included clinical evaluation using the Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation with Scores protocol (orofacial structures, mastication, swallowing and breathing aspects), masticatory performance assessed with a colour‐changeable chewing gum and infrared thermography. The Kruskal–Wallis, one‐way ANOVA and Wilcoxon tests were applied. Results: With the exception of face and tongue, a difference was seen in the cheek, maxillomandibular relationship, lips, mentalis muscle and palate appearance and posture between patients and healthy control participants. Orofacial mobility, swallowing and masticatory function also scored higher in the control group. The SCA3 and PD groups required more time to eat the test‐food and showed greater facial temperature asymmetries than the control one (p < 0.05). Masticatory performance measured by chewing gum did not differ. Conclusion: Facial temperature asymmetries, swallowing and masticatory function scores and the time needed by the SCA3 and PD groups to eat the test‐food were different from healthy participants, drawing attention to the impaired orofacial functions in patients with neurodegenerative disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) occurs most often in the deep muscles or fascia of the extremities in adults, with only 3.4% of these tumours originating from the head, face and neck. To date, only 17 cases of buccal ASPS have been reported, including the case presented here. Only one case of ASPS recurrence at the primary site, similar to our case, has been reported thus far. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPis)-associated diabetes, with an estimated incidence of 0.43%, is usually seen in older cancer patients and has not been reported in younger people or in patients with ASPS. Case presentation A 24-year-old male patient presented with a slowly progressing right cheek mass with a clinical history of approximately 28 months. Sonographic imaging revealed a hypoechoic mass, which was considered a benign tumour. However, a pathological diagnosis of ASPS was made after excision of the mass. Five days later, functional right cervical lymph node dissection was performed. No other adjuvant therapy was administered after surgery. In a periodic follow-up of the patient six months later, blood-rich tumour growth was noted at the primary site, and Positron emission tomography-computedtomography (PET-CT) ruled out distant metastasis in other areas. The patient was referred to the Ninth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University. Due to the large extent of the mass, the patient received a combination of a Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1(PD-L1) inhibitor and a targeted drug. Unfortunately, the patient developed three episodes of severe diabetic ketoacidosis after the administration of the drugs. A confirmed diagnosis of ICPis-associated diabetes was confirmed. After the second operation, the postoperative pathological diagnosis was ASPS, and the margins were all negative. Therefore, we made a final clinical diagnosis of ASPS recurrence at the primary site. Currently in the follow-up, the patient is alive, has no distant metastases, and undergoes multiple imaging examinations every 3 months for the monitoring of their condition. Conclusions In analysing the characteristics of all previously reported cases of buccal ASPS, it was found that the clinical history ranged from 1 to 24 months, with a mean of approximately 3 to 9 months. Tumour recurrence at the primary site has been reported in only one patient with buccal ASPS, and the short-term recurrence in our patient may be related to the extraordinarily long 28-month history. ICPis-associated diabetes may be noted in young patients with rare tumours, and regular insulin level monitoring after use is necessary.

Buccal cavernous hemangiomas are uncommon vascular lesions, particularly in adult patients. We present a case of a 23-year-old male with a progressive left cheek swelling over three years. Clinical examination and radiographic imaging revealed a solid, multilobulated mass in the left buccal and masticator spaces. Surgical excision was performed, and histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of a cavernous hemangioma. This case underscores the importance of recognizing and appropriately managing rare vascular lesions in adult patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Coordination among lip, cheek and tongue movements during swallowing in patients with mandibular prognathism remains unclear. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the temporal sequences of tongue pressure and maxillofacial muscle activities during swallowing in patients with mandibular prognathism and compared characteristics with those of healthy volunteers. Methods: Seven patients with mandibular prognathism (mandibular prognathism group) and 25 healthy volunteers with individual normal occlusion (control group) were recruited. Tongue pressures and masseter, orbicularis oris, mentalis and supra‐ and infrahyoid muscle activities while swallowing gel were measured simultaneously using a sensor sheet system with five measurement points and surface electromyography, respectively. Onset time, offset time and durations of tongue pressure and muscle activities were analysed. Results: In the mandibular prognathism group, tongue pressure was often produced first in more peripheral parts of the palate. Offset of tongue pressure in the posteromedian and peripheral parts of the palate and maxillofacial muscle activities except for orbicularis oris were delayed. Duration of tongue pressure in the anteromedian part of the palate was significantly shorter and durations of masseter, mentalis and suprahyoid muscle activities were significantly longer. Times to onset of orbicularis oris and suprahyoid muscle activities based on first onset of tongue pressure were significantly shorter. Conclusion: These results suggest that patients with mandibular prognathism may exhibit specific patterns of tongue pressure production and maxillofacial muscle activities during swallowing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Wool Textile Journal is the property of National Wool Textile Science & Technology Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Touch sensitivity generally declines with age, contributing to loss of manual dexterity and tactile function. We investigated how touch changes over the lifespan, using different tests and on three body sites. We used a classical test of force detection sensitivity, where calibrated monofilaments were applied passively to the right index finger pad, forearm, and cheek. In addition, at the index, we used an active touch spatial discrimination task, developed by our group. Spatial discrimination was estimated through participants' ability to evaluate the distance between parallel bands printed on acrylic plates. Data were collected from 96 healthy women, aged 20-75 years. Force detection and tactile spatial discrimination on the index deteriorated significantly with age; however, no change was found for tactile detection on the forearm or cheek. Tactile detection on the cheek remained remarkably highly sensitive throughout life. There was a significant positive relationship between force detection and spatial discrimination on the index. Further, force detection on the forearm was significantly associated with detection on the index and cheek. Our results suggest a decrease in touch perception with age on the index finger pad, yet a preservation of tactile sensitivity in hairy skin. This opens discussion about the impact of daily activities upon the glabrous hand skin and on the function of hairs in tactile sensitivity. We highlight the need for new methods in evaluating tactile sensitivity on hairy skin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This systematic review evaluates the efficacy of buccal pad fat (BPF) as an autologous graft in the treatment of gingival recession (GR). Thus, the research question explores if the BPF can serve as a viable alternative to the gold standard connective tissue graft. Materials and methods: Only seven studies met the inclusion criteria were critically appraised including the randomized controlled clinical trials, and case series. The inclusion criteria were systemically healthy individuals in the age range (18–65 years old) with Miller's classification of GR either class I, II, III, or IV while exclusion criteria were patients with poor oral hygiene, pregnant and lactating patients, teeth with caries, any prior surgery in the relevant regions, and use of medications. Results: The review included 117 patients with 136 GR defects. The age of participants ranges from 20 to 65 years old with the higher percentage of root coverage (%RC) at 6 months in the pedicled BPF group which was 89.30%while the lowest (%RC) at 6 months in the same group was 46.78%. The BPF group's width of keratinized gingiva (WKG) values indicate a notable improvement, suggesting a positive impact on WKG compared to the control group. Conclusions: BPF can be considered as a promising graft to augment gingival tissues at different sites in the oral cavity with different Miller's classes of GR providing a new era in GR treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Consumer products such as electrical shavers exert a combination of dynamic loading in the form of pressure and shear on the skin. This mechanical stimulus can lead to discomfort and skin tissue responses characterised as "Skin Sensitivity". To minimise discomfort following shaving, there is a need to establish specific stimulus‐response relationships using advanced tools such as optical coherence tomography (OCT). Objective: To explore the spatial and temporal changes in skin morphology and microvascular function following an electrical shaving stimulus. Methods: Ten healthy male volunteers were recruited. The study included a 60‐s electrical shaving stimulus on the forearm, cheek and neck. Skin parameters were recorded at baseline, 20 min post stimulus and 24 h post stimulus. Structural and dynamic skin parameters were estimated using OCT, while transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was recorded to provide reference values for skin barrier function. Results: At baseline, six of the eight parameters revealed statistically significant differences between the forearm and the facial sites, while only surface roughness (Rq) and reflectivity were statistically different (p < 0.05) between the cheek and neck. At 20 min post shaving, there was a significant increase in the TEWL values accompanied by increased blood perfusion, with varying magnitude of change dependent on the anatomical site. Recovery characteristics were observed 24 h post stimulus with most parameters returning to basal values, highlighting the transient influence of the stimulus. Conclusions: OCT parameters revealed spatial and temporal differences in the skin tissue response to electrical shaving. This approach could inform shaver design and prevent skin sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The majority of conventional studies on skin aging have focused on static conditions. However, in daily life, the facial skin we encounter is constantly in motion due to conversational expressions and changes in facial expressions, causing the skin to alter its position and shape, resulting in a dynamic state. Consequently, it is hypothesized that characteristics of aging not apparent in static conditions may be present in the dynamic state of the skin. Therefore, this study investigates age‐related changes in dynamic skin characteristics associated with facial expression alterations. Methods: A motion capture system measured the dynamic characteristics (delay and stretchiness of skin movement associated with expression) of the cheek skin in response to facial expressions among 86 Japanese women aged between 20 and 69 years. Results: The findings revealed an increase in the delay of cheek skin response to facial expressions (r = 0.24, p < 0.05) and a decrease in the stretchiness of the lower cheek area with age (r = 0.60, p < 0.01). An increasing variance in delay and stretchiness within the same age group was also observed with aging. Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that skin aging encompasses both static characteristics, such as spots, wrinkles, and sagging, traditionally studied in aging research, and dynamic aging characteristics of the skin that emerge in response to facial expression changes. These dynamic aging characteristics could pave the way for the development of new methodologies in skin aging analysis and potentially improve our understanding and treatment of aging impressions that are visually perceptible in daily life but remain unexplored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Konrad Lorenz introduced the concept of a 'baby schema', suggesting that infants have specific physical features, such as a relatively large head, large eyes and protruding cheeks, which function as an innate releaser to promote caretaking motivation from perceivers. Over the years, a large body of research has been conducted on the baby schema. However, there are two critical problems underpinning the current literature. First, the term 'baby schema' lacks consistency among researchers. Some researchers use the term baby schema to refer to infant stimuli (often faces) in comparison with adults (categorical usage), while others use the term to refer to the extent that features contribute to cuteness perception (spectrum usage). Second, cross-species continuity of the 'baby schema' has been assumed despite few empirical demonstrations. The evolutionary and comparative relevance of the concept is, therefore, debatable, and we cannot exclude the possibility that extreme sensitivity to the baby schema is a uniquely human trait. This article critically reviews the state of the existing literature and evaluates the significance of the baby schema from an evolutionary perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fronto-ethmoidal meningoencephalocele is an uncommon pathology. Most of the cases present a history of trauma or paranasal surgical intervention. Spontaneous development of such pathology is extremely rare. The aim of this case report was to demonstrate a rare appearance of spontaneous fronto-ethmoidal meningoencephalocele in an adult male with high-quality images in multiple modalities used in radiology. Case presentation: This case report demonstrates an extremely rare pathology of spontaneous development of fronto-ethmoidal meningoencephalocele in a 50-year-old male. The patient complained of swelling involving the nasal bridge, the left side of the nose, and the left cheek for more than 20 years, which was spontaneous without any trauma or surgical intervention. The patient underwent radiological investigations of ultrasonography, computed tomography of the paranasal sinus, and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. The diagnosis of spontaneous development of left fronto-ethmoidal meningoencephalocele abutting the left orbit was made. No other complications of the brain tissue were noted. Conclusions: Knowledge about etiopathogenesis and various types of meningoencephalocele helps manage this pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) occurs most often in the deep muscles or fascia of the extremities in adults, with only 3.4% of these tumours originating from the head, face and neck. To date, only 17 cases of buccal ASPS have been reported, including the case presented here. Only one case of ASPS recurrence at the primary site, similar to our case, has been reported thus far. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPis)-associated diabetes, with an estimated incidence of 0.43%, is usually seen in older cancer patients and has not been reported in younger people or in patients with ASPS. Case presentation: A 24-year-old male patient presented with a slowly progressing right cheek mass with a clinical history of approximately 28 months. Sonographic imaging revealed a hypoechoic mass, which was considered a benign tumour. However, a pathological diagnosis of ASPS was made after excision of the mass. Five days later, functional right cervical lymph node dissection was performed. No other adjuvant therapy was administered after surgery. In a periodic follow-up of the patient six months later, blood-rich tumour growth was noted at the primary site, and Positron emission tomography-computedtomography (PET-CT) ruled out distant metastasis in other areas. The patient was referred to the Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University. Due to the large extent of the mass, the patient received a combination of a Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1(PD-L1) inhibitor and a targeted drug. Unfortunately, the patient developed three episodes of severe diabetic ketoacidosis after the administration of the drugs. A confirmed diagnosis of ICPis-associated diabetes was confirmed. After the second operation, the postoperative pathological diagnosis was ASPS, and the margins were all negative. Therefore, we made a final clinical diagnosis of ASPS recurrence at the primary site. Currently in the follow-up, the patient is alive, has no distant metastases, and undergoes multiple imaging examinations every 3 months for the monitoring of their condition. Conclusions: In analysing the characteristics of all previously reported cases of buccal ASPS, it was found that the clinical history ranged from 1 to 24 months, with a mean of approximately 3 to 9 months. Tumour recurrence at the primary site has been reported in only one patient with buccal ASPS, and the short-term recurrence in our patient may be related to the extraordinarily long 28-month history. ICPis-associated diabetes may be noted in young patients with rare tumours, and regular insulin level monitoring after use is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facial expression manipulation has gained wide attention and has been applied in various fields, such as film production, electronic games, and short videos. However, existing facial expression manipulation methods often overlook the details of local regions in images, resulting in the failure to preserve local structures and textures of images. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a local semantic segmentation mask-based GAN (LSGAN) to generate fine-grained facial expression images. LSGAN is composed of a semantic mask generator, an adversarial autoencoder, a transformative generator, and an AU-intensity discriminator. Our semantic mask generator generates eye, mouth, and cheek masks of face images. Then, our transformative generator integrates target expression labels and corresponding facial region features to generate a vivid target facial expression image. In this fashion, we can capture expressions from target face images explicitly. Furthermore, an AU-intensity discriminator is designed to capture facial expression variations and evaluate quality of generated images. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method achieves authentic face images with accurate facial expressions and outperforms state-of-the-art methods qualitatively and quantitatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessory canals and apical deltas have been extensively studied in human dentistry. Their clinical role as a difficult to clean reservoir for bacteria during endodontic treatments has been well described. Many papers describe in detail the pulp anatomy of equine dentition but little attention has been given to their apical ramifications. The goal of this paper is to describe the presence and anatomy of these accessory canals and apical deltas in healthy equine cheek teeth and discuss their possible relevance in the light of equine endodontics. To accomplish this, 15 maxillary and 19 mandibular healthy cheek teeth were collected ranging from Triadan 06 s to 11 s with eruption ages from 4 to 9 years. Their root anatomy was documented in detail based on micro computed tomography images. A subset of 3 teeth also underwent histological examination. Accessory canals were found in all but two teeth examined. Up to 44 accessory canals per tooth have been found with locations ranging from the root furcation down to the apex of the root and with highly variable diameters. Apical deltas in different stages of development were found in 84% of the roots. The presence of accessory canals identified on microCT images could be confirmed using histological examination although some of them were obliterated by reparative dentin. Accessory canals can be found in most equine cheek teeth and add complexity to their endodontic anatomy. This could have important implications for their treatment in case of pulp pathology. In humans, failure to remove bacterial biofilm from such canals has been associated with failure of endodontic treatment. Research on diseased equine teeth is required to gain a better understanding of their clinical relevance in horses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the efficacy and safety of fractional micro-needling radiofrequency (FMRF) in the treatment of enlarged pores on the cheek in a Chinese cohort. Patients with enlarged facial pores who underwent FMRF between January 2020 and December 2022 were included in this study. Blinded clinical assessments were performed by two independent dermatologists using a six-grade photographic enlarged pore scale and a quartile grading scale. Patients were asked to rate the degree of pain related to treatment on a visual analog scale (VAS), with scores ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain ever). A paired t-test was used to analyze the six-grade photographic enlarged pore scores. A total of 22 patients received three consecutive sessions of FMRF treatment, with intervals of 1–3 months, and underwent follow-up as scheduled. The mean six-grade photographic enlarged score was 3.55 ± 0.96 at baseline, while the score decreased significantly to 2.59 ± 0.59 after three treatment sessions (P < 0.05). The improvement score of the patients, assessed by two independent dermatologists, was 2.31 ± 0.71, according to the quartile grading scale. The mean VAS score was 6.42 ± 1.44. FMRF is effective and safe for the treatment of enlarged facial pores after three sessions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reconstruction of through-and-through defects of cheek and commissure resulting from cancer resection are challenging. The specialized function of oral competence that the oral commissure and lip play is difficult to replicate with flap only reconstruction. Static slings play an important role in improving the functional and aesthetic outcome. The asymmetric "y" fascial sling helps in achieving the goals of oral competence along with adequate mouth opening. A total of 10 patients were operated by this technique. The results were satisfactory in terms of functional and aesthetic outcome postsurgery and were maintained 6 months postradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, titled "A 46-year-old female with swelling in right cheek," presents a clinical case of a middle-aged woman who presented with swelling in her right cheek region. The patient experienced intermittent pain and enlargement of a mass when lying down. After conducting various imaging tests, including digital panoramic radiograph, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), and ultrasonography (USG), the diagnosis was determined to be an intramuscular arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in the right masseter muscle with the presence of the "turkey wattle sign." The article provides information on the characteristics, causes, and treatment options for AVMs, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in diagnosis and management. [Extracted from the article]

Background and Aim: Pigmented lesions appear with different manifestations in focal, multifocal and diffuse forms and can also be a symptom of a systemic disease. These lesions have a significant prevalence in the head and neck area. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of pigmented lesions in the head and neck region in patients referred to Razi Hospital in Tehran. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 3000 archived files in Razi Hospital in Tehran in 2018 and 2019. All pigmented lesions in patients under 18 years of age were isolated and analyzed in terms of age, gender, location and histopathological diagnosis. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 and Chi-square and T-test statistical tests. The significance level of statistical tests was considered less than 0.05. Result: A total of 138 patients under 18 years of age were found with pigmented lesions 56 patients were male (40.6%) and 82 patients were female (59.4%). The average age of the patients was reported to be 11.1 ± 4.6 years. Meanwhile, compound nevus and intradermal nevus lesions were the most prevalent. The most involved sites were cheek (29.7%), nose (16.7%) and head (15.9%). A total of 6 cases of malignant pigmented lesions were found (4.3%). Conclusion: Nevi types are the most common pigmented lesions in this age group and more frequent in check area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Numb cheek syndrome, a rare corollary of numb chin syndrome, is due to infra-orbital neuropathy. It can occur in association with an underlying malignancy, which can cause neuropathy by direct malignant nerve infiltration or via a paraneoplastic mechanism. Although numb cheek syndrome has been reported in association with a variety of cancers, it has previously not been reported in association with breast cancer. We report a case of left breast cancer presenting with left numb cheek syndrome. Case presentation: A 65-year-old woman presented to the Neurology clinic with a 7-month history of left cheek numbness and occasional cheek tenderness. Examination revealed slightly diminished pin-prick sensation in the left cheek and a vaguely palpable left breast lump. A magnetic resonance imaging scan of the brain showed abnormal enhancement of the left maxillary nerve at the foramen rotundum, but cerebrospinal fluid analysis was normal. Mammography, ultrasound scans, and core biopsy of the left breast confirmed the diagnosis of invasive left breast carcinoma (estrogen and progesterone receptor negative, cerb-B2 equivocal, fluorescence in-situ hybridization negative). There was no evidence of distant metastases on computed tomography and bone scintigraphy scans. The patient underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy (4 cycles of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, followed by 4 cycles of paclitaxel and carboplatin), and left breast wide excision and sentinel lymph node biopsy, and a repeat magnetic resonance imaging scan performed 2 months after surgical resection showed resolution of the left maxillary nerve enhancement. The patient’s left numb cheek symptoms improved over a course of 5 months after cancer resection but did not completely resolve. Conclusions: Our case represents the first reported left numb cheek syndrome in association with breast cancer, due to maxillary neuropathy without any discrete mass or compressive cause. To avoid delays in diagnosing malignancy, physicians and surgeons should be aware that numb cheek syndrome can occur in association with an underlying malignancy, and that breast cancer should be counted amongst the possibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The present study used the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) to analyse changes in facial activities in individuals with migraine during resting conditions to determine the potential of facial expressions to convey information about pain during headache episodes. Methods: Facial activity was recorded in calm and resting conditions by using a camera for both healthy controls (HC) and patients with episodic migraine (EM) and chronic migraine (CM). The FACS was employed to analyse the collected facial images, and intensity scores for each of the 20 action units (AUs) representing expressions were generated. The groups and headache pain conditions were then examined for each AU. Results: The study involved 304 participants, that is, 46 HCs, 174 patients with EM, and 84 patients with CM. Elevated headache pain levels were associated with increased lid tightener activity and reduced mouth stretch. In the CM group, moderate to severe headache attacks exhibited decreased activation in the mouth stretch, alongside increased activation in the lid tightener, nose wrinkle, and cheek raiser, compared to mild headache attacks (all corrected p < 0.05). Notably, lid tightener activation was positively correlated with the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) level of headache (p = 0.012). Moreover, the lip corner depressor was identified to be indicative of emotional depression severity (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Facial expressions, particularly lid tightener actions, served as inherent indicators of headache intensity in individuals with migraine, even during resting conditions. This indicates that the proposed approach holds promise for providing a subjective evaluation of headaches, offering the benefits of real-time assessment and convenience for patients with migraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the case of a 14-year-old female with a history of rapidly growing right cheek mass and was diagnosed of adamantinoma-like Ewing sarcoma (ALES). Topics discussed include clinical characteristics of Ewing sarcoma (ES), the discovery of other soft tissue tumors that share a translocation between the EWSR1 gene and the ETS gene family, and treatment for most pediatric parotid tumors.

This article discusses the use of volumizing thread lifts as a treatment for subzygomatic arch depression, a condition that can occur in both elderly and younger individuals. The study explores the use of hyaluronic acid (HA) filler injections and volumizing thread lifts to correct the depression and enhance facial contours. The article presents a successful case study of a 45-year-old patient who underwent the procedure and expressed satisfaction with the results. The authors highlight the potential advantages of incorporating volumizing thread lifts into the treatment and emphasize the need for further research to assess the long-term safety and effectiveness of the procedure. [Extracted from the article]

The objectives of this retrospective study were to describe cheek teeth extraction by the sectioning technique, the decision making to use this technique and its potentially associated complications. Sectioning for dental extraction purpose was used in 29/461 (6.3%) of cases. Oro-sinusal fistula was the main post-operative complication, with 4/29 (13.7%) cases developing a macroscopic communication between the alveolus of the tooth extracted and the adjacent sinus compartment. All teeth where sectioning was attempted were successfully extracted. Sectioning for dental extraction appears to be a safe technique that can be used instead of or in addition too other minimal invasive cheek teeth extraction techniques. Thorough preoperative planning including oroscopic examination and medical imaging modalities are required to help in decision making, as well as excellent sedation and analgesia and horse compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The buccal frenum is connective tissue that adheres the mucosa of the cheek to the alveolar process. When restricted, this condition is commonly known as a buccal‐ or cheek‐tie. Restrictive buccal frena are often treated during tongue‐ and lip‐tie procedures, yet widely accepted classification, diagnostic and treatment guidelines are lacking. Objective: Provide a scoping review on the evaluation and management of buccal‐ties, including diagnosis, classification, symptoms and treatment, by surveying healthcare providers with experience evaluating and managing oral restrictions. Methods: Literature review and IRB‐approved survey to assess practice patterns among healthcare providers identified from online directories of tongue‐tie release providers and associated allied health professionals. Results: A multidisciplinary group of 466 providers responded. About 87% indicated that they assess buccal restrictions. Evaluation methods included finger sweep (89.1%), visual inspection (76.4%), tissue blanching (66.5%) and functional assessment (53.4%). Around 94% of providers reported that objective and subjective findings are both needed for diagnosis and that an estimated 5%–10% of infants may be affected. About 70% of providers release buccal‐ties (if needed) simultaneously with tongue‐ties, and 76.8% recommend post‐operative stretches as necessary for optimal healing. Respondents indicated a need for further research, evidence‐based assessments, a classification system and treatment protocols. Conclusion: Evaluating a buccal frenum to diagnose a symptomatic buccal‐tie relies upon visual inspection, palpation and assessment of oral function. Survey data and clinical experience are summarized to review classification systems, diagnostic/evaluation criteria and treatment recommendations as a foundational cornerstone for future works to build upon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oral diadochokinesis (OD) test is an articulation test that analyses fine movements of the lips, cheeks and tongue. It is difficult to perform the test accurately in older people with reduced physical and cognitive functions. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the number of older adults who could not be tested for OD and to investigate their characteristics. Methods: The participants included 145 older residents of an aged care nursing home. They were divided into two groups: those who could be tested for OD and those who could not, and their characteristics were compared. The degree of requiring long‐term care was classified into five levels. The degree of dementia was classified into five levels. Those having difficulty in performing daily activities alone and having degree III or higher dementia were considered to have severe dementia. Results: The participants included 41 men and 104 women with a median age of 89 years (range, 64–105 years). Sixty‐eight participants failed the OD test (46.9%). In univariate and multivariate analyses, degree of dementia and oral care (among other characteristics in univariate analysis) showed statistically significant differences between the two groups. Cut‐off values for older adults who could not perform OD test were level 4 or higher in need of care and degree III or higher in dementia. Conclusion: This study suggests that additional assessment tools for oral function should be considered for older adults requiring a nursing care level of 4 or higher and a dementia degree of III or higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alluzience (abobotulinumtoxinA RTU; Ipsen, Paris, France and Galderma SA, Lausanne, Switzerland) is the first ready-to-use (RTU) botulinum toxin type A liquid solution approved for the treatment of glabellar lines in Europe. In this article, the authors provide consensus recommendations on the aesthetic usage of abobotulinumtoxinA RTU. Members of the International Board on Alluzience convened to develop consensus on the treatment of glabellar lines as well as other facial wrinkles based on their own extensive experience. Consensus recommendations were developed to provide practical guidelines for injection of abobotulinumtoxinA RTU. General guidance on proper assessment, treatment planning, and patient education is provided, as well as specific injection guidelines per indication. Indications covered include glabellar lines, crow's feet, horizontal forehead lines, lateral eyebrow lift, lower eyelid wrinkles, bunny lines, drooping nasal tip, perioral wrinkles, drooping mouth corners, masseter hypertrophy, hollow cheek lines, dimpled chin, and platysmal bands. These guidelines provide a practical framework to support routine injection of facial muscles with Alluzience. Level of Evidence: 5 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the long-term outcomes of linear commissuroplasty and linear skin closure with a focus on commissural migration. Design: Retrospective study. Patients: Individuals who underwent transverse facial cleft repair at a single institution between 2004 and 2021. Interventions: The disrupted orbicularis oris muscle was reoriented and sutured. A simple linear commissuroplasty technique was used, and the cheek skin was closed linearly without Z-plasty. Main outcome measures: The distances from Cupid's bow peak to the oral commissure were measured bilaterally, and the difference between the normal and cleft sides was obtained. Finally, its proportional value as a percentage of the total lip length was calculated from short- and long-term follow-up photographs. Cheek scarring and its effects on melolabial fold breakage were evaluated. Results: Of the 18 patients who underwent transverse facial cleft repair, 12 were included in this study. The mean follow-up period based on medical photographs was 1773.5 days. The average proportional difference was 4.6%, demonstrating no observable commissural migration. There were no consistent trends in the direction of migration, either on the cleft or normal side. In patients with a transverse cleft crossing the melolabial fold, the folds appeared broken before and after the cleft repair surgery. Conclusions: No significant long-term commissural migration was observed after transverse facial cleft repair with simple linear commissuroplasty and linear skin closure. Deliberate positioning of the new oral commissure, proper myoplasty, and meticulous skin closure with minimal scar burden can be considered key procedures for successful transverse cleft repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Mohs micrographic surgery is a complex but essential aspect of functional and cosmetic skin cancer removal. It allows for skin cancers to be removed from cosmetically challenging areas in the most efficient and effective possible method; however, closure of these lesions can be difficult. Case: An 80-year-old male presented for Mohs surgery of a basal cell carcinoma on the right nasal sidewall that measured 3.4 cm. The patient underwent seven stages of Mohs surgery, and the final defect measured 6.5 cm × 5.5 cm, resulting in a large area for closure with multiple cosmetic and functional units affected. Discussion: This case discusses options for complex closure of large defects on the nose and the reasoning behind the final choice in closure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Hyaluronic acid (HA)‐based injections are used worldwide to improve skin defects associated with aging and ultraviolet light/environmental exposure. HA formulations developed according to molecular weight or with additional components, for example, cross‐linking reagents, are limited by their low biological activity and concentration limit. NAHYCO™ technology has enabled the production of hybrid cooperative complexes (HCCs) of low and high molecular weight HA. Developed for injection into the fat compartments of the face and previously demonstrating potential benefits for adipose tissue restoration, Profhilo Structura® is a new 2 mL HCC formulation comprising low molecular weight HA (45 mg/mL) and high molecular weight HA (45 mg/mL). To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of Profhilo Structura® to restore adipose tissue compartments in the lateral cheek fat compartment. Methods: Fifty healthy enrolled subjects received two injections, 1 month apart, and were evaluated 3 months posttreatment. Investigators performed clinical evaluations (Facial Volume Loss Scale [FVLS] and Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale [WSRS]) at different time points. Subjects also completed self‐evaluation assessments following treatment. Results: A significant improvement in FVLS and WSRS clinical scores after the first treatment was observed; treatment benefit was maintained 3 months after treatment completion and confirmed by subject self‐assessment. Most participants reported an improvement, particularly a marked reduction of wrinkles and increased skin firmness. No serious adverse events were reported, confirming the excellent safety profile of HCC injectable devices. Conclusions: Overall, the study highlighted the efficacy and tolerability of the studied medical device proving its effect on adipose tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Large lateral cheek defects can be challenging to reconstruct. Several approaches to reconstruction of these defects have been reported. In the case presented here, we describe an alternative reconstruction method for this type of surgical defect. Detailed Case Description: We present one patient with a large basal cell carcinoma on his lateral left cheek who underwent a complete tumor removal by Mohs surgery and was left with a defect 6 × 6 cm in size. This large defect was closed by performing a double transposition flap under local anesthesia. Results: Both flaps survived with no loss. The immediate and long-term outcomes were satisfactory, preserving functionality with good cosmetic results. Conclusions: Cheek defect reconstruction with the double transposition flap is simple and reliable, with good aesthetic and functional outcomes. It may be considered as an alternative reconstructive method for this type of defect, in an appropriate context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This case series describes the management of advanced occlusal caries of the maxillary cheek teeth in four horses. All horses presented with grade 4 caries, i.e., affecting cementum, enamel, dentine and the integrity of the tooth. Food packing in deep cavities on the occlusal surface were present in all horses. Two horses presented with pulpitis of teeth adjacent to the occlusal caries lesions. The carious lesions were mostly limited to the occlusal surface of maxillary cheek teeth, whereas the peripheral cementum to a large degree remained unaffected. Management of these cases included cleaning, flushing, and debriding of carious surfaces and placing a flowable resin composite on areas with extensive tooth loss to prevent food packing and further destruction of dental tissues. Endodontic therapy was performed in two cases. Some of the horses that exhibited clinical signs showed improvement after treatment and none of the cases showed deterioration of caries lesions. One horse showed complete resolution of occlusal caries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gluconolactone (GLA) exhibits antioxidant and moisturizing effects. It also presents soothing effects, protects elastin fibers from UV‐induced degradation, and improves the function of the skin barrier. Aims: Evaluation of skin parameters such as pH, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), sebum levels before, during, and after a series of applications of 10% and 30% GLA chemical peel in a split‐face model. Materials and Methods: The study involved 16 female subjects. Three split‐face procedures were performed using two concentrations of GLA solution applied on two sides of the face. The skin parameters were measured before treatments and 7 days after the last procedure at four measurement sites on either side of the face, that is, on the forehead, around the eye, on the cheek, and on the nose wing. Results: Measurement of sebum demonstrated some statistically significant changes between sebum levels in the cheeks after a series of treatments. The pH measurement showed that the pH value was reduced after each treatment at all measurement points. The level of TEWL after treatments was significantly lower around the eyes, on the left forehead, and on the right cheek. There were no significant differences between the use of different concentrations of the GLA solution. Conclusions: The results of the study show that GLA has a significant influence on lowering skin pH and TEWL. GLA also has seboregulatory properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper concerns the translation and interpretation of a succinct quip of Sextus Clodius, a rhetorician in Antony's entourage, on the subject of Fulvia's swollen cheek. The jest is often interpreted as having suggested that she tempted Clodius' pen, and various double meanings have been proposed. Contextualization may supply a key. The remark could mean that Fulvia seemed to be testing the point of her stylus, and the dark allusion might then be to reports of the manner in which Fulvia had allegedly mistreated the severed head of Cicero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the importance of developing good thinkers from an early age is widely recognised as an overarching goal of contemporary early childhood curricula, research on nurturing children's thinking continues to grow. This study sought to gain insight into kindergarten children's understanding of the concept and process of thinking. A socio-cultural perspective that conceptualises thinking and its development as a dynamic, socially mediated process, in which signs, including drawing, guided the research. 35 children from Greece, aged 4–6 years, participated in the study and were involved in a drawing-telling activity. Thematic analysis, which included both the drawings and verbal responses of the participants, resulted in five main themes that reveal new aspects of children's perceptions and reflect the inherent complexity of the concept of thinking. Although the findings have direct implications for teaching and learning in early childhood classrooms, the discussion calls for further research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the repair of a large infraorbital cheek defect in a 79-year-old female patient with melanoma in situ. The article describes the challenges of reconstructing defects in this area and introduces the "reading man" flap as a potential solution. The technique involves the use of an unequal Z-plasty consisting of a quadrangular flap and a triangular flap. The article highlights the advantages and disadvantages of this flap and provides information on postoperative complications. Overall, the "reading man" flap can be considered for large infraorbital cheek defects with limited tissue reservoir, and it can produce satisfactory functional and cosmetic results. [Extracted from the article]

The most frequent benign tumor is lipoma. About 1–4% of people have intraoral lipomas. This uncommon case report shows a large cheek lipoma misinterpreted as dental infection. A 14-year-old girl with a right cheek tumor was diagnosed and treated for a dental infection. Multiple imaging examinations complete the diagnosis. A benign lipoma, common in subcutaneous tissues but unusual in the mouth, created the lesion. A histological investigation confirmed lipoma after extraoral excision under general anesthesia utilizing an external flap. The edema did not return after surgery, which restored face symmetry. This case study shows that diagnosing and treating oral and maxillofacial edema requires extensive clinical and radiographic testing. Lipomas should be evaluated in the differential diagnosis of mouth swelling even without usual risk markers to prevent excessive treatments and delays. Surgery is recommended for lipomas since it has a low recurrence and fewer risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cutaneous metastasis of urothelial carcinoma after radical cystectomy is extremely rare. We present the case of a 57-year-old man who underwent a radical cystectomy with ileal conduit for the presence of a bladder tumor. He developed a cheek lesion after 2 months, which was diagnosed as a metastatic nodule along with bone metastases from high-grade bladder urothelial carcinoma. This nodule was treated with surgical removal with subsequent chemotherapy, but he succumbed after 10 months due to widespread metastatic disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]