Search

Background: In institutional care, oral liquid pharmaceutical products are widely prescribed for older patients, especially for those with swallowing disorders. As medicines acceptability is a key factor for compliance in the older population, this study investigated the acceptability of oral liquid pharmaceutical products in this targeted population., Methods: An observational, multicenter, prospective study was conducted in eight geriatric hospitals and eight nursing homes in France. Observers reported several behaviours/events describing the many aspects of acceptability for various pharmaceutical products' uses in patients aged 65 and older. Acceptability scores of oral liquid pharmaceutical products were obtained using an acceptability reference framework (CAST - ClinSearch Acceptability Score Test®): a 3D-map summarizing the different users' behaviors, with two clusters defining the positively and negatively accepted profiles materialized by the green and red zones, respectively., Results: Among 1288 patients included in the core study and supporting the acceptability reference framework, 340 assessments were related to the administration of an oral liquid pharmaceutical product. The mean age of these patients was 87 (Range [66-104y]; SD = 6.7), 68% were women and 16% had swallowing disorders. Globally, the oral liquid pharmaceutical products were classified as "positively accepted," the barycenter of the 340 assessments, along with the entire confidence ellipses surrounding it, were positioned on the green zone of the map. Sub-populations presenting a different acceptability profile have also been identified. For patients with swallowing disorders, the oral liquid pharmaceutical products were classified as "negatively accepted," the barycenter of the 53 assessments along with 87% of its confidence ellipses were associated with this profile. A gender difference was observed for unflavored oral liquids. In women, they were classified "negatively accepted," the barycenter of the 68 assessments with 75% of its confidence ellipses were located in the red zone, while they were classified "positively accepted" in men., Conclusion: This study showed that oral liquid pharmaceutical products are a suboptimal alternative to solid oral dosage forms in patients with swallowing disorders. To ensure an optimal acceptability, prescribers should also consider the presence of a taste-masker in these oral liquids. As highlighted herein, palatability remains crucial in older populations, especially for women.

Objectives: To assess the documentation of the 72-hour antibiotic therapy reassessment in medical records., Methods: One-day prevalence evaluation of curative antibiotic therapies≥72hours. The documentation of the reassessment was defined according to three criteria: (1) "clear" documentation (clinical or microbiological comment associated with a comment on the need to adjust the antibiotic therapy or on the lack of need); (2) "tacit" documentation (only based on a clinical or microbiological comment); (3) no documentation., Results: We assessed 114 antibiotic therapies in 26 hospital departments. A clear reassessment at 72hours was observed in only 45 (39%) records and 31 (27%) records had no reassessment. The planned duration of treatment was written in 63 (55%) records. At 72hours, among the 71 antibiotic therapies with a microbiological documentation, 69 (97%) were active and 44 (62%) had a narrow spectrum. Among the 48 antibiotic therapies with a broad spectrum on day 1, only 21 (44%) benefited from a de-escalation at 72hours. A clearly recorded reassessment at 72hours was associated with de-escalation (P=0.025) and the prescription of a planned duration of treatment was associated with antibiotic therapy compliance with local or national guidelines (P=0.018)., Conclusion: Although reassessment was observed in 73% of records, it was correctly recorded at 72hours in only 39% of cases. The documentation of the reassessment and the prescription of a planned duration were associated with a better quality of antibiotic prescription (de-escalation, compliance with guidelines) and are relevant indicators for monitoring the proper use of antibiotics., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: Medicine acceptability, which is of the utmost importance for vulnerable patients' adherence, is driven by both user and product characteristics. Herein, a novel multivariate approach integrating the many aspects of acceptability is used to discriminate positively and negatively accepted medicines in the older population., Methods: An observational study was carried out in eight hospitals and eight nursing homes to collect a large set of real-life data on medicines uses in older patients (≥65 years). Mapping and clustering explored these multiple observational measures and summarised the main information into an intelligible reference framework. Resampling statistics were used to validate the model's reliability., Results: A three-dimensional map and two clusters defining acceptability profiles, as positive or negative, emerged from the 1079 evaluations. Factors of interest (medicines, user features…) were positioned on the map at the barycentre of their evaluations and assigned to an acceptability profile. Focusing on patients' ability to swallow, we have highlighted the tool's efficacy in demonstrating the impact of user features on medicine acceptability., Conclusions: This multivariate approach provides a relevant judgement criterion for this multi-dimensional concept. Facilitating the choice of the most appropriate dosage form to achieve optimal acceptability in a targeted population, this tool is of real potential to improve clinical decisions.

Aims: To evaluate the interest of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) for heart failure (HF) diagnosis in very old patients., Methods and Results: A total of 383 patients aged 80 years or older, hospitalized in geriatrics care for dyspnoea, had a BNP measurement at the acute phase. Independent cardiologists blinded to BNP values classified the patients into cardiac vs. respiratory aetiology according to the European Society of Cardiology guidelines. Mean (SD) age was 88.5 (5.4) years, 66% (n = 254) of patients were women, 62% (n = 238) had cardiac dyspnoea and 38% (n = 145) had respiratory dyspnoea. The BNP levels were significantly higher in the cardiac group (median = 385.5 ng/L, interquartile range = 174.0-842.0) than in the respiratory group (median = 172.0 ng/L, interquartile range = 70.8-428.0; P < 0.001). On its own, BNP showed poor discriminative ability [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.68; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62-0.73] for the diagnostic. In multivariate analysis, BNP remained independently associated with the cardiac aetiology after full-adjustment (odds ratio 1 log increase = 1.87; 95% CI 1.28-2.74), but did not improve the discrimination between the cardiac and the respiratory aetiologies (ΔAUC = 0.013, P = 0.16). In addition, although adding BNP to the other predictive covariates yielded a significant continuous NRI of 57.8% (95% CI 31.2-83.5%), the mean changes in individual predicted probabilities were too low (<3%) to be clinically relevant., Conclusion: In this population of very old patients with acute dyspnoea, despite being independently associated with the cardiac aetiology, BNP was not useful for better discriminating cardiac vs. respiratory origin., (© 2016 The Authors. European Journal of Heart Failure © 2016 European Society of Cardiology.)

Repeated outbreaks of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) occurred between 2004 and 2010 in Assistance Publique--Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), a 23,000-bed multi-hospital institution. From August 2004 to December 2005, the French guidelines for preventing cross-transmission of multiresistant bacteria were applied. Because the number of VRE cases continued to increase, an institutional control programme was implemented from January 2006 onwards: it foresees stopping transfer of VRE and contact patients, separating VRE and contact patients in distinct cohorts, intervention of a central infection control team to support local teams, and quick application of measures as soon as first VRE cases are identified. Between August 2004 and December 2010, 45 VRE outbreaks occurred in 21 of the 38 AP-HP hospitals, comprising 533 cases. Time series analysis showed that the mean number of cases increased by 0.8 cases per month (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.3 to 1.3, p=0.001) before, and decreased by 0.7 cases per month after implementation of the programme (95% CI: -0.9 to -0.5, p<0.001), resulting in a significant trend change of -1.5 cases per month (95% CI: -2.1 to -0.9, p<0.001). The number of cases per outbreak was significantly lower after implementation of the programme. A sustained and coordinated strategy can control emerging bacteria at the level of a large regional multihospital institution.