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The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link. Research summary: Our understanding of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) is limited by the inattention to why a firm arranges itself to give rise to EO, what sets its strategic intent, and what affects its contribution to performance. These omissions have led to calls for a causally adjacent theory of EO. Grounded in knowledge-based theory, we investigated (a) how knowledge production gives rise to EO, (b) how the relationship between EO and profitability is mediated by knowledge use, and (c) how this relationship between EO and knowledge use is moderated by stakeholder engagement. Using multi- respondent, multi-source data from small-and-midsize enterprises in two economically distinct East Asian countries, Taiwan and Japan, empirical evidence supports our theory. Our findings are consistent across both studies. We contribute a knowledge-based theory of EO. Managerial summary: Why do some firms organize to be entrepreneurial while others do not, and why do some entrepreneurially oriented firms profit more financially than others? We find that those firms that organize processes to accumulate, aggregate, activate, store, manage, and distribute knowledge become more entrepreneurial oriented as the means to create wealth from this 'knowledge production‘. In other words, knowledge production can affect perceptions of opportunities and resources, leading to choices about organizational arrangements to best use knowledge. However, we find that the firm also needs to be adept at knowledge use to profit financially from its entrepreneurial endeavors, and leading firms utilize stakeholder engagement to strengthen the relationship between entrepreneurial behavior and knowledge use on the route to greater profitability.

Lymph node skip metastasis is a subgroup of lymph node metastatic patterns with low incidence in node-positive colon cancer. Its clinical significance is still unclear.This study aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of lymph node skip metastasis in stage III colon cancer.Retrospective observational analysis.The study was conducted at Taipei Veterans General Hospital.Patients with stage III colon cancer who underwent D3 lymphadenectomy between 2006 and 2015.The patients were divided into a lymph node skip metastasis positive group and a negative group. Recurrence-free survival and overall survival were compared using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test. Cox regression was applied to identify related risk factors influencing survival.A total of 461 patients were reviewed, and lymph node skip metastasis positive patients represented 13.2% of our sample. Patients with lymph node skip metastasis tended to present with a higher proportion of right sided cancer, lower positive lymph nodes, lower lymph node ratio and higher mean BMI. Liver recurrence was more prevalent in the lymph node skip metastasis group (p = 0.028) than in the negative group. The presence of lymph node skip metastasis was a negative prognostic factor for 5-year recurrence-free survival (51.4% vs. 68.7%, p = 0.002) and 5-year overall survival (66.4% vs. 80.4%, p = 0.024) in Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox regression. Subgroup analysis revealed the survival significance of recurrence-free survival (p = 0.001) and overall survival (p = 0.011) in lymph node skip metastasis with pN1 disease.Retrospective design, single center nature, and sampling error.Lymph node skip metastasis is an independent negative prognostic factor in stage III colon cancer with pN1 disease. More intensive surveillance may be necessary for patients of this subgroup. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/C60.

This study aims to examine the intermediate links and boundary conditions between unit-level participative leadership and unit-level unit performance. The study collects multiple resource data from...

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine if personal identification could explicate the black box between participative leadership and employee ambidexterity. Also, the authors aim to explore how and why the top-down effects of higher-level leadership styles affect lower-level outcomes.Design/methodology/approachThe authors collected multilevel and multisource data from top manager teams, and unit managers and employees of research and development, marketing and sales, and operations from Taiwanese technology firms.FindingsThe results revealed that individual-level personal identification partially mediated the relationship between firm-level participative leadership and individual-level employee ambidexterity, and individual-level coworker social support moderated the effect of firm-level participative leadership on individual-level employee ambidexterity through individual-level personal identification.Originality/valueThis paper demonstrated the importance of participative leadership and personal identification. It contributed to profound comprehension for potential mechanisms of individual-level personal identification and an enhancer of individual-level coworker social support why and how affects firm-level participative leadership on individual-level employee ambidexterity.

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link. We examine mediation effects of coworker knowledge sharing and absorptive capacity on the participative leadership–employee exploratory innovation relationship in R&D units of Taiwanese technology firms. Deploying a time-lagged questionnaire method implemented over four business quarters, data is generated from 1600 paired samples (managers and employees) in R&D units of Taiwanese technology firms. The structural equation modeling results reveal that (1) participative leadership is positively related to employee exploratory innovation; (2) coworker knowledge and (3) absorptive capacity partially mediate the relationship between participative leadership and employee exploratory innovation independently; and, (4) coworker knowledge sharing in combination with absorptive capacity partially mediates this relationship. The results extend previous research on participative leadership and innovation by demonstrating that participative leadership is related to employee exploratory innovation (Lee and Meyer-Doyle, 2017; Mom et al., 2009).Results also confirm that participative leadership drives employee exploratory innovation through employee absorptive capacity. This reinforces the need highlighted by Lane et al. (2006) to investigate the role of absorptive capacity at the individual-level. Collectively, while participative leadership is important for employee exploratory innovation it is the knowledge mechanisms existing and interacting at the employee-level that are central to generating increased employee exploratory innovation from this leadership approach.

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. This study employed a resource-based view to develop a multilevel model of firm-level high-performance work systems, dyad-level human capital, firm-level bridging ties and unit-level corporate entrepreneurship. We collected multisource and multilevel data from 420 senior managers, 1260 managers and 3348 employees of 210 units from 96 Taiwanese manufacturing and service sectors firms. The results revealed that dyadlevel human capital partially mediated the relationship between firm-level highperformance work systems and unit-level corporate entrepreneurship and firm-level bridging ties moderated the effect of firm-level high-performance work systems on unitlevel corporate entrepreneurship through dyad-level human capital. Our findings contribute to corporate entrepreneurship by exploring its antecedent and indirect effect from a resource-based perspective Furthermore, we have found that the indirect influence of firm-level high-performance work systems and unit-level corporate entrepreneurship varies as a function of the bridging ties at the firm level. This paper advances existing research by offering new insights in the area of corporate entrepreneurship.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of mediation and moderation mechanisms between firm-level effects of transformational leadership (TFL) on unit-level performance across levels. Design/methodology/approach The authors used surveys to collect data from 800 senior managers at the firm level and 1,377 unit managers from 800 units of 100 firms from semiconductors, optoelectronics, computer electronics, and telecommunications industries. The industries were chosen because these firms focus on expanding their businesses and encourage extensive knowledge sharing among the firms and at all levels within the organizations. Findings In this study, the authors theorized that firm-level effects of TFL on unit-level performance across levels were positively related to unit-level performance. Unit-level knowledge sharing mediates the positive relationship between firm-level TFL and unit-level performance. A cross-level interaction effect of firm-level TFL and unit-level absorptive capacity showed that a positive unit-level absorptive capacity enhanced firm-level influence of TFL on unit-level knowledge sharing. Unit-level absorptive capacity moderates the positive relationship between unit-level knowledge sharing and unit-level performance. Originality/value First, the authors attempt to integrate the leadership and knowledge management research by exploring the critical mediator of unit-level knowledge sharing in explaining the effects of firm-level TFL on employees’ performance at the unit level. This approach is important because it extends the research areas of the two fields, and also clarifies issues regarding how and why TFL at the top of the organization positively impacts the performance of employees at a lower level of the organizational hierarchy. Second, the effectiveness of firm-level TFL depends on the absorptive capacity of each unit. The importance of absorptive capacity and the consequences of leadership behaviors have been emphasized in studies.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how transformational leadership may relate to corporate entrepreneurship by adopting a multilevel approach. The authors also theorized and tested the top-down and bottom-up intermediate process linking transformational leadership and corporate entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach Multisource data across different timeframes were collected from 129 managers and 244 employees from 55 units of 27 firms. Findings The results showed that transformational leadership and corporate entrepreneurship were positively related at the unit level. Furthermore, unit-level collective efficacy mediated the relationship between unit-level transformational leadership and unit-level corporate entrepreneurship. The authors also found that the firm-level empowerment climate moderated the indirect effect of unit-level collective efficacy on the relationship between unit transformational leadership and unit-level corporate entrepreneurship. Originality/value First, the goal of this study is to extend the single focus of transformational leadership on corporate entrepreneurship (e.g. Ling et al., 2008) and develop a more thoughtful approach on determining how transformational leaders influence corporate entrepreneurship across levels. This study responds to calls for research to look at the impact of unit-level transformational leaders, such as middle managers, across levels (Ren and Guo, 2011) and creates a multilevel framework in which transformational leaders at the unit level influence the appearance of corporate entrepreneurship at the unit level.

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link. Corporate enterprises must support its business units to adapt to changes that are increasingly dramatic and complex. In response, corporate entities must organize to embed a corporate entrepreneurial orientation (EO) that pervades the actions of its business units to create the radical innovations needed to thrive in these circumstances. By developing a global willingness–local ability framework, we test a multi-level model of corporate EO by conceptualizing its effects on business unit radical innovation and business unit financial performance, moderated by business unit R&D resourcing and business unit absorptive capacity. With data from 2820 business units of 1290 Taiwanese corporations from two separate surveys, we find support for our theoretical expectations and contribute much-needed knowledge of the multi-level effects of EO and the conditions to turn EO into actual innovation activity and profit from it.

We examine the relationship between unit-level entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and unit-level corporate entrepreneurship (CE), which has been typically neglected in entrepreneurship research. Building on the conservation of resource theory (COR), we argue that the relationship between unit-level EO and unit-level CE will be stronger when unit-level social capital is higher. Further, we posit that unit-level social capital becomes more effective when firm-level leaders are viewed as less (and not more) transformational by unit members. Data were collected from 186 managers, 372 employees, and 62 senior managers from 93 units of 31 firms. We find that unit-level EO is positively related to unit-level CE and this relationship strengthens when unit-level social capital is high. This moderating effect of social capital is itself moderated by firm-level transformational leadership, and strengthens as firm-level transformational leadership behaviors decrease (supporting “dark side” views of transformational leadership). Implications of our findings for organizational entrepreneurship research and practice are discussed.

In this work, we show that an ${N}_{\mathrm{C}}$-chain gate potential along the armchair chain (direction $\stackrel{\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}{y}$) of a graphene sheet gives rise to topological localized states (LSs): one branch for ${N}_{\mathrm{C}}=1$ and two branches for ${N}_{\mathrm{C}}\ensuremath{\ge}2$. These LSs are shown to form whenever the gate-induced potential ${V}_{0}$ is nonzero. The topological nature behind the formation of these LSs is revealed (for ${N}_{\mathrm{C}}=1,2$) by showing, for ${V}_{0}\ensuremath{\ne}0$, that the LS-secular equation can be cast into a pseudospin-rotation form on which rotation upon a valley-associated pseudospin is to equate with another valley-associated pseudospin. Both pseudospins are on the same side of the gate potential. That the rotation angle of the pseudospin-rotation operator falls within the range of variation of the relative angle $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{p}$ between the two pseudospins, as the energy $E$ varies across the entire energy gap for a given ${k}_{y}$, demonstrates the topological nature and the inevitability of the LS branch formation. These topological LS branches exhibit Dirac-point characteristics, with dispersion relations leading out from the Dirac point (at ${k}_{y}=0$). For general multiple (${N}_{\mathrm{C}}g1$) carbon chain gate-potential cases, the number ${N}_{\mathrm{LS}}$ of LS branches are found to increase with ${V}_{0}$, up to a maximum of ${N}_{\mathrm{LS},\mathrm{max}}={N}_{\mathrm{C}}$. Yet LS branches carrying the Dirac-point characteristics are found to be fixed at two.

The objective of this study is to use the vibration signal features of spindles during the cutting processing to identify the different milling statuses in cases of diverse tooling parameter combinations. Accelerometers were placed on a spindle to measure vibration behaviors, and the milling status could be divided into idle cutting, initial feeding, and stable cutting. Vibration signal processing and analysis were conducted in the time domain, as well as in the frequency domain. The original vibration measurements were separated using empirical mode decomposition (EMD) in the time domain, so that the signal features could be extracted in certain frequency bands and the useless signal components and trends could be removed. Multi-scale entropy (MSE) and root mean square (RMS) were computed to extract the time domain features. In the frequency domain, the specific intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) that were decomposed using the EMD method were analyzed by fast fourier transform (FFT) and a frequency normalization technique to extract the features of apparent physical representations. The Fisher scores (FS) of the extracted features are calculated to select the high-priority signal features. The selected high-priority signal features are utilized to identify the different milling statuses through a support vector machine (SVM). The results show that an identification accuracy of 98.21% could be obtained at the Z axis, and the average accuracy would be 95.91% for the three axes combination.

A Tamm plasmon polariton is a plasmonic resonance excited at the boundary between a photonic crystal and a metal. In this paper, a novel approach based on admittance loci is proposed to demonstrate the relation between thin-film structures and the corresponding Tamm plasmon modes. The tunability of the resonance wavelength and optimization of coupling efficiency are demonstrated. In addition, by using different metals to couple Tamm plasmon modes in the visible spectrum, silver has 4.7 times larger Q-factor than gold and 84 times larger than aluminum at 700 nm. The near-field enhancement of silver Tamm plasmon modes could be up to eight times larger than incident EM waves.

This paper explores the application of a Machine Vision and Machine Learning Algorithm to a Manipulator with six degrees of freedom (6-DOF). A Kinect sensor were used to extract images from a screen and obtain the relevant target information. Image processing was accomplished using a Scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) Algorithm to capture image of the target object. The processed visual is rendered on the computer controller and Manipulator Learning is accomplished using a Reinforcement Learning Algorithm. Markov Decision Processes (MDP) were used to train the Manipulator to move to the location of the target object. Experimental results showed the Reinforcement Learning Algorithm proposed in this paper is effective and can be utilized on a 6-DOF Manipulator with reproducible results.

Lamb wave dispersion curves for isotropic plates are extracted from measured sensor data by matrix pencil (MP) method. A piezoelectric wafer emits a linear chirp signal as broadband excitation to generate Lamb waves in isotropic plates. The propagating waves are measured at discrete locations along a wave ray direction with a sensor 1-D laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV). The out-of-plane velocities are first Fourier transformed into either space-frequency x-ω domain or wavenumber-time k-t domain. The matrix pencil method is then employed to extract the dispersion curves for various wave modes simultaneously. In addition, the phase and group velocity dispersion curves are deduced by the relation between wavenumber and frequency. In this research, the inspections for dispersion relations on isotropic plates are demonstrated and compared by two-dimensional Fourier transform (2D-FFT) and MP method. The results are confirmed by theoretical curves computed numerically. It has demonstrated that the MP method is robust in recognining/differentiating different wave modes, including higher order ones.

This study investigated how extra Ba 2+ and two-step sintering affect the crystal structure, microstructure, and dielectric properties of (Ba, Ca)(Ti, Zr)O 3 (BCTZ). XRD results indicate that no secondary phase formed in any of the BCTZ samples after sintering. Raman spectra reveal that Ca 2+ ions were pushed from the Ba-site to the Ti-site when extra Ba 2+ was added after sintering. The Curie temperatures of all BCTZ samples decreased due to the smaller tetragonality caused by the addition of extra Ba 2+ . SEM micrographs revealed that two-step sintering decreased the grain size from 5.0 μm to 0.5 μm compared with normal sintering. Furthermore, samples with fine-grain microstructures exhibited flat curves for the temperature coefficient of capacitance.

This study investigates the effects of doping BaTiO3 with MgO and Y2O3 on the formation of core–shell structure. The MgO and Y2O3 enhanced the shrinkage upon sintering and inhibited the grain growth, respectively. However, increasing the amount of Y2O3 to 3.0 mol% suppressed the shrinkage upon sintering. The results of the diffusion experiment revealed that Y3+ was dissolved in the BaTiO3 lattice to a depth of 5–10 nm inside the grains, whereas Mg2+ tended to remain close to the surfaces of the grains when sintered at 1150°C for 18 h, suggesting that Y3+ may have had a higher diffusion rate than Mg2+. The Mg2+ prevented the diffusion of Y3+ into the core during sintering. Therefore, Mg2+ plays an important role as a shell maker in the formation of the core–shell structure in the codoped system. The core–shell structure can be obtained in BaTiO3 ceramics that are codoped with MgO and Y2O3 upon sintering at 1150°C for 3 h.

Two different specific surface area of starting BaCO3, 10 and 30 m2/g, are used to prepare solid-state BaTiO3 powder. Pure tetragonal BaTiO3 was obtained at a lower calcination temperature with smaller BaCO3, and the kinetic calculations of activation energy also agree with it. A clear, thin, and nano-sized cubic BaTiO3 clusters on TiO2 particles were also observed. A narrower particle size distribution of BaTiO3 powder (350 nm) was obtained from 30 m2/g of starting BaCO3 at 1000°C. After sintering with reducing atmosphere, the ceramics with potential of X8R or X7R specifications and a clear core–shell microstructure were obtained in this study.

The effects of the barium/titanium (Ba/Ti) ratio on the crystalline phase, Curie temperature, and dielectric properties of solid-state-reacted BaTiO3 powder were investigated. The experimental results showed that tetragonality decreased and the Curie temperature shifted to lower temperature when the Ba/Ti ratio strayed from 1.0. The BaTiO3 powder had the maximum dielectric constant when the Ba/Ti approaching 1.0.

A benzoxazine compound (FDP-FBz), which possesses a fluorene group and two terminal furan groups, and its corresponding cross-linked polymer (CR-FDP-FBz) have been prepared using 4,4'-(9-fluorenylidene)diphenol (FDP), furfurylamine, and formaldehyde as precursors. The chemical structure of FDP-FBz has been characterized with Fourier-transform infrared and 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. FDP-FBz displays a melting point at about 173 °C and a processing window of 52 °C as well as good solubility in common organic solvents. As a result, FDP-FBz can be fabricated in both molten and solution processes. Under an excitation at 365 nm, FDP-FBz exhibits a photoluminescent (PL) emission at about 445 nm. The PL intensity of FDP-FBz is as high as sixfolds of the intensity recorded with FDP. CR-FDP-FBz displays a glass transition temperature of 215 °C, a high storage modulus of 3.1 GPa, a 10% weight loss at 384 °C, and a high char yield of 56 wt % (900 °C, in nitrogen). Moreover, CR-FDP-FBz has a high refractive index of about 1.65 as a result of incorporating fluorene groups to its structure.

BaTiO 3 powders were prepared according to a novel fabrication route. Submicrometric TiO 2 particles were coated by BaCO 3 nanoparticles which are precipitated by urea decomposition method. Under suitable operation conditions, homogeneous core–shell TiO 2 @BaCO 3 structure, an optimal BaCO 3 precipitation yield and stoichiometry control was achieved. BaTiO 3 particles were successfully obtained after heat treatment at 1000 °C for 1 h. The size of the obtained particle was about 150–200 nm, in agreement with the original size of the TiO 2 core.

The plasmonic coupling of nanoantennas could be explained by the plasmon hybridization model introduced. For symmetric nanoparticles pairs, the coupled mode can be shifted to higher or lower frequencies, depending on the phase of the fields from each nanoparticle. In p-polarization, the in-phase response is called bonding mode and out of phase response is called antibonding mode, which are analogous to the molecular orbital theory. The bonding mode, located at a lower energy level, could be strongly excited by normal incidence, but antibonding mode, located at a higher energy level, could hardly excited by normal incident plane wave and which is not easy to be observed. In literatures, the antibonding mode could only be excited by highly focused laser beams, the radiation from a local emitter, and the evanescent field produced by total internal reflection9. Although the observation is not easy, the antibonding mode has brought a lot of attention because of the slower radiative decay and narrower linewidths. However, there are not many researches discussing the sensor application of the plasmonic antibonding mode of nanoantenans arrays. In this work, gold nanoantennas antibonding mode in TM and TE polarized evanescent field is investigated and the sensitivity to the refractive index change of surrounding medium is compared to bonding mode in normal incidence. Furthermore, in normal incidence, due to the impedance mismatch between the dielectric and substrate, strong reflectance happens at the resonance in bonding mode which could reduce the coupling efficiency. In order to achieve higher energy coupling efficiency, total internal reflection could be used to minimize the impedance mismatch and transfer the input energy into antibonding mode plasmonic resonance.

Plasmonic dark modes of gold nanoantennas are observed in evanescent waves. Comparing with the bright mode for normal incidence of nanoantennas, dark mode resonance not only has a higher extinction coefficient but also achieves higher sensitivity to the surrounding environment. The sensitivity of the dark mode of gold nanoantenna is 4.84 times that of the bright mode in terms of the figure of merit.

Tamm plasmon is a plasmonic resonance happens at the boundary of photonic crystal and metal. In this work, a novel design tool based on admittance loci is proposed to demonstrate the relationship between Tamm plasmon structure and the corresponding resonance effect. The tunability of resonance wavelengths and the optimization of coupling efficiency are presented.

A systematic first-principles calculation of the linear and second-order optical susceptibilities as functions of frequency for CsGeBr 3 is presented. Specifically, we study the relation between the structural properties and the optical responses. Three structural deformation factors, Δα, d Ge , d X are used to express the degree of distortion from the ideal perovskite structure in bond angle, Ge position, and anion position, respectively. Based on our first-Principles studies, we find that Δα and d Ge increase, while d X decreases as we substitute the halogen ion from Cl to Br and then to I. The dielectric function and the second harmonic generation coefficient are also found to increase with increasing Δα and d Ge . Our calculation indicates that the direct bandgap, E g , of CsGeX 3 occurs at the R -point for all three compounds, and its magnitude decreases as Δα and d Ge increase (i.e. E g ( CsGeI 3 ) E g ( CsGeBr 3 ) E g ( CsGeCl 3 )). Our partial density of states (PDOS) analysis reveals that the valence band maximun (VBM) and conduction band minimum (CBM) are mainly associated with the p-orbitals of Germanium. Interband and intraband analysed results for (formula available in manuscript) in C s G e Br 3 can be separated into two main groups of peaks. One was contributed from the magnitude electronic bandgap; the other part was recognized to be attribution from the distortional structural factors. The magnitudes of (formula available in manuscript) were in the same manner with some reported experiment near the band gap.

Plasmonic dipolar antibonding modes of gold nanoantennas are observed in evanescent waves. Comparing with the bonding mode for normal incidence, the use of prism coupling to transfer the energy of incident light to plasmonic resonance in nanoantennas not only has a higher extinction coefficient but also achieves higher sensitivity to the surrounding environment. The sensitivity of the antibonding mode of gold nanoantenna is 4.84 times that of the bonding mode in terms of the figure of merit.

The solid-state synthesis, phase evolution, and nucleus growth of the barium titanate (BaTiO3, BT) powder were investigated in this study. Rapid nucleus growth and precursor phase formation of BT were observed at a relatively low temperature of 600 °C by mixing BaCO3 (2 m2/g) and TiO2 (7 m2/g) with a high-energy bead mill. The decomposition of BaCO3 and the formation of the Ba2TiO4 phase were identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). On the basis of this observation, the weight loss observed at 600 °C in the derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) curve could also be explained. Furthermore, with increasing calcination temperature, single cubic BT with less than 80 nm fine nuclei/crystallites was observed at 900 °C, and tetragonal BT (c/a > 1.008) with an average particle size of 0.4 µm was obtained at 1000 °C. With regard to the dielectric properties of sintered ceramics, the relative permittivity (εr) increased with calcination temperature, and the Curie point also shifted to a progressively higher temperature. However, BT nucleus samples (with low calcination temperatures of 800 and 900 °C) could not satisfy the X7R requirement (Electric Industries Association Standard, the tolerance of capacitance from -55 to +125 °C is ±15%) until calcination temperature increased to 1000 °C.