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Some Islamic Boarding Schools (Pesantren) have integrated school education into its education system to generate excellent Muslims in science and technology. However, in practice, pesantren usually consider the school education as the second. Due to that, the santris are less motivated to learn science and technology, then results in them being unqualified. Responding to this problem, the government of Indonesia has made a policy to implement school education in pesantren, known as the pesantren-based junior high schools program (SMP-BP). This study examines the strategy of pesantren in managing junior high schools and explains the approach to adopting the SMP-BP. Our exploration utilizes a qualitative research design with a survey approach. Data were collected and analyzed using an analytical approach. The results showed that the SMP-BP program was carried out through problem analysis and strategic management. Problem analysis comprises human resources problems (santris and teachers) and evaluation methods. Furthermore, strategic management consists of: (1) curriculum development and integrated learning, (2) governance policy, (3) human recourses, (4) infrastructure and facilities, (5) finance, and (6) educational output. Our finding confirms that pesantren has changed its system to implement the SMP-BP program without any conflicts. This study can assist educational practitioners in their efforts to improve the quality of Islamic education in science and technology.

Violent conflict occurred in Southern Thailand in the year 2004. Since then, there has continued to be a spiral of violence without any sign of abatement. Events such as shooting, ambushing, bombing, arson, kidnapping and threatening letters constantly threaten the local inhabitants and exacerbate tensions between the Patani United Liberation Movement and the Thai government. Despite a pro-active effort by the Thai government and civil interest groups in searching for solutions, there has been no sign of a resolution. Therefore, this paper aims to contribute to this dialogue by exploring the roots of the conflict from the perspective of the ordinary people involved; especially those supporters of the Patani United Liberation Movement. Discussion will focus on the role of violence during the conflict and will also consider suggestions as to a resolution based on non-violent methods using an approach known as conflict transformation within peace and conflict psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]