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According to the material nature, aluminium alloys are widely applied in aerospace, construction and automotive applications due to their characteristics, such as lightweight, good formability and good corrosion resistance. Among the aluminium alloys, scalmalloy (Al-4.49Mg-0.71Sc-0.51Mn-0.27Zr-0.07Fe-0.03Si alloy) was developed to overcome the hot crack issue during the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process. Hence, the degree of lightweight can be further improved by introducing this high-specific strength material with a structure of the lightweight design. However, the strengthening mechanism of the heat-treated 3D printed scalmalloy has not been sufficiently explored. In this study, the synergistic effect of the strengthening mechanisms is explored through detailed microstructure analysis. The grain size, size and spacing of the precipitate and coherent phase contribute to the strengthening of scalmalloy. Through the observation of the microstructure feature, the theoretical strength of the heat-treated 3D printed scalmalloy can thus be calculated by three strengthening mechanisms and match the experimental results perfectly.

Metal additive manufacturing technologies such as laser powder bed fusion (so-called selective laser melting) have been widely applied in the field of aerospace or medical device. Moreover, porous materials have been extensively studied due to the maturity of metal additive manufacturing technology. The stress shielding effects can be reduced and the bone integration between the human bones and medical devices can be improved by introducing porous materials. Thus, the medical device would be more stable after implantation. However, in our previous study, the mechanical properties of porous materials are not only affected by the porous structure and porosity but also affected by the surface roughness and the ratio between surface roughness and strut diameter. In this study, to investigate and explore such issues, two major topics will be researched, which are (1) the formulation development of the electrolyte with a surfactant to increase the surface finish effectiveness during the electropolishing process of 3D printed Ti-6Al-4V porous materials; (2) the exploration of the relationship between the mechanical properties and the surface roughness/other factors. Also, the effect of surface roughness on mechanical properties was evaluated in terms of work of fracture and specific energy absorption.

The reliability of large-scale networks can be compromised by various factors such as natural disasters, human-induced incidents such as hacker attacks, bomb attacks, or even meteorite impacts, which can lead to failures in scope of processors or links. Therefore, ensuring fault tolerance in the interconnection network is vital to maintaining system reliability. The n-dimensional folded hypercube network structure, denoted as FQn, is constructed by adding an edge between every pair of vertices with complementary addresses from an n-dimensional hypercube, Qn. Notably, FQn exhibits distinct characteristics based on the dimensionality: it is bipartite for odd integers n≥3 and non-bipartite for even integers n≥2. Recently, in terms of the issue of how FQn performs in communication under regional or widespread destruction, we mentioned that in FQn, even when a pair of adjacent vertices encounter errors, any fault-free edge can still be embedded in cycles of various lengths. Additionally, even when the smallest communication ring experiences errors, it is still possible to embed cycles of any length. The smallest communication ring in FQn is observed to be the four-cycle ring. In order to further investigate the communication capabilities of FQn, we further discuss whether every fault-free edge will still be a part of every communication ring with different lengths when the smallest communication ring is compromised in FQn. In this study, we consider a fault-free edge e=(u,v) and F4={f1, f2,f3, f4} as the set of faulty extreme vertices for any four cycles in FQn. Our research focuses on investigating the cycle-embedding properties in FQn−F4, where the fault-free edges play a significant role. The following properties are demonstrated: (1) For n≥4 in FQn−F4, every even length cycle with a length ranging from 4 to 2n−4 contains a fault-free edge e; (2) For every even n≥4 in FQn−F4, every odd length cycle with a length ranging from n+1 to 2n−5 contains a fault-free edge e. These findings provide insights into the cycle-embedding capabilities of FQn, specifically in the context of fault tolerance when considering certain sets of faulty vertices.

Minimally invasive thermal therapy is a successful alternative treatment to surgery in solid tumors with high complete ablation rates, however, tumor recurrence remains a concern. Central memory CD8+ T cells (TCM) play important roles in protection from chronic infection and cancer. Here we find, by single-cell RNA analysis of human breast cancer samples, that although the memory phenotype of peripheral CD8+ T cells increases slightly after microwave ablation (MWA), the metabolism of peripheral CD8+ T cells remains unfavorable for memory phenotype. In mouse models, glycolysis inhibition by 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) in combination with MWA results in long-term anti-tumor effect via enhancing differentiation of tumor-specific CD44hiCD62L+CD8+ TCM cells. Enhancement of CD8+ TCM cell differentiation determined by Stat-1, is dependent on the tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLN) but takes place in peripheral blood, with metabolic remodeling of CD8+ T cells lasting the entire course of the the combination therapy. Importantly, in-vitro glycolysis inhibition in peripheral CD8+ T cells of patients with breast or liver tumors having been treated with MWA thrice leads to their differentiation into CD8+ TCM cells. Our work thus offers a potential strategy to avoid tumor recurrence following MWA therapy and lays down the proof-of-principle for future clinical trials. Central memory CD8+ T cells (Tcm) are important for lasting anti-tumour immunity and their differentiation is determined by underpinning transcriptional and metabolic regulation. Authors here show that although microwave ablation (MWA) cancer therapy induces T cells to acquire some of the gene expression features of Tcms, but the full metabolic remodeling required for functionality is only achieved if glycolysis is inhibited simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Music is the most convenient and easy-to-use stress release tool in modern times. Many studies have shown that listening to appropriate music can release stress. However, since it is getting easier to make music, people only need to make it on the computer and upload it to streaming media such as Youtube, Spotify, or Beatport at any time, which makes it very infeasible to search a huge music database for music of a specific genre. In order to effectively search for specific types of music, we propose a novel method based on the visual Mel spectrum for music genre classification, and apply YOLOv4 as our neural network architecture. mAP was used as the scoring criterion of music genre classification in this study. After ten experiments, we obtained a highest mAP of 99.26%, and the average mAP was 97.93%.