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173 results on '"Chavez, F. P."'

1. Patterns Detection in Glucose Time Series by Domain Transformations and Deep Learning

Author

Alvarado, J., Velasco, J. Manuel, Chávez, F., Hidalgo, J. Ignacio, and de Vega, F. Fernández

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Computers and Society
Abstract

People with diabetes have to manage their blood glucose level to keep it within an appropriate range. Predicting whether future glucose values will be outside the healthy threshold is of vital importance in order to take corrective actions to avoid potential health damage. In this paper we describe our research with the aim of predicting the future behavior of blood glucose levels, so that hypoglycemic events may be anticipated. The approach of this work is the application of transformation functions on glucose time series, and their use in convolutional neural networks. We have tested our proposed method using real data from 4 different diabetes patients with promising results., Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables

Published
2023

2. Multidisciplinary Observing in the World Ocean’s Oxygen Minimum Zone Regions: From Climate to Fish — The VOICE Initiative

Author

Garçon, V, Karstensen, J, Palacz, A, Telszewski, M, Aparco Lara, T, Breitburg, D, Chavez, F, Coelho, P, Cornejo-D’Ottone, M, Santos, C, Fiedler, B, Gallo, ND, Grégoire, M, Gutierrez, D, Hernandez-Ayon, M, Isensee, K, Koslow, T, Levin, L, Marsac, F, Maske, H, Mbaye, BC, Montes, I, Naqvi, W, Pearlman, J, Pinto, E, Pitcher, G, Pizarro, O, Rose, K, Shenoy, D, Van der Plas, A, Vito, MR, and Weng, K

Subjects
oxygen minimum zones, oxycline, ocean observing system, multidisciplinary, readiness level, ecosystem, Oceanography, Ecology
Abstract

Multidisciplinary ocean observing activities provide critical ocean information to satisfy ever-changing socioeconomic needs and require coordinated implementation. The upper oxycline (transition between high and low oxygen waters) is fundamentally important for the ecosystem structure and can be a useful proxy for multiple observing objectives connected to eastern boundary systems (EBSs) that neighbor oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). The variability of the oxycline and its impact on the ecosystem (VOICE) initiative demonstrates how societal benefits drive the need for integration and optimization of biological, biogeochemical, and physical components of regional ocean observing related to EBS. In liaison with the Global Ocean Oxygen Network, VOICE creates a roadmap toward observation-model syntheses for a comprehensive understanding of selected oxycline-dependent objectives. Local to global effects, such as habitat compression or deoxygenation trends, prompt for comprehensive observing of the oxycline on various space and time scales, and for an increased awareness of its impact on ecosystem services. Building on the Framework for Ocean Observing (FOO), we present a first readiness level assessment for ocean observing of the oxycline in EBS. This was to determine current ocean observing design and future needs in EBS regions (e.g., the California Current System, the Equatorial Eastern Pacific off Ecuador, the Peru–Chile Current system, the Northern Benguela off Namibia, etc.) building on the FOO strategy. We choose regional champions to assess the ocean observing design elements proposed in the FOO, namely, requirement processes, coordination of observational elements, and data management and information products and the related best practices. The readiness level for the FOO elements was derived for each EBS through a similar and very general ad hoc questionnaire. Despite some weaknesses in the questionnaire design and its completion, an assessment was achievable. We found that fisheries and ecosystem management are a societal requirement for all regions, but maturity levels of observational elements and data management and information products differ substantially. Identification of relevant stakeholders, developing strategies for readiness level improvements, and building and sustaining infrastructure capacity to implement these strategies are fundamental milestones for the VOICE initiative over the next 2–5 years and beyond.

Published
2019

3. Readying California Fisheries for Climate Change

Author

Chavez, F P, Costello, C., Aseltine-Neilson, D., Doremus, D, Field, J C, Gaines, S D, Hall-Arber, M, Mantua, N J, McCovey, B, Pomeroy, Carrie, Sievanen, L, and Wheeler, S A

Abstract

This document provides scientific guidance to the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) regarding the potential impacts of climate change on California fisheries and recommendations for building resilience to buffer climatic forces. At CDFW’s request, the California Ocean Protection Council (OPC) provided funding to the Ocean Science Trust (OST) to convene an OPC Science Advisory Team (OPC-SAT) Working Group with relevant ecological, social science, and governance expertise. This guidance was prepared by OST and the OPC-SAT Working Group in partnership with CDFW, in adherence with the requirements in the OPC Staff Recommendation: “California State Fisheries Management: Current Efforts and Future Needs.” This project was developed for consideration by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) to help inform the state’s process to amend the Marine Life Management Act (MLMA) Master Plan. Products from this project have been submitted to CDFW for review and may be integrated, in full or in part, into a draft Master Plan Amendment. In addition, given the broad potential ecological, social and economic impacts from climate change, we hope the document provides useful guidance for other government agencies and departments, funders, affected individuals and communities, and non-governmental organizations engaging in action on this issue. Additional information about the Master Plan amendment process, including key resources and opportunities for stakeholder engagement, is available at https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Marine/Master-Plan.

Published
2017

4. Persistent spatial structuring of coastal ocean acidification in the California Current System.

Author

Chan, F, Barth, JA, Blanchette, CA, Byrne, RH, Chavez, F, Cheriton, O, Feely, RA, Friederich, G, Gaylord, B, Gouhier, T, Hacker, S, Hill, T, Hofmann, G, McManus, MA, Menge, BA, Nielsen, KJ, Russell, A, Sanford, E, Sevadjian, J, and Washburn, L

Abstract

The near-term progression of ocean acidification (OA) is projected to bring about sharp changes in the chemistry of coastal upwelling ecosystems. The distribution of OA exposure across these early-impact systems, however, is highly uncertain and limits our understanding of whether and how spatial management actions can be deployed to ameliorate future impacts. Through a novel coastal OA observing network, we have uncovered a remarkably persistent spatial mosaic in the penetration of acidified waters into ecologically-important nearshore habitats across 1,000 km of the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem. In the most severe exposure hotspots, suboptimal conditions for calcifying organisms encompassed up to 56% of the summer season, and were accompanied by some of the lowest and most variable pH environments known for the surface ocean. Persistent refuge areas were also found, highlighting new opportunities for local adaptation to address the global challenge of OA in productive coastal systems.

Published
2017

5. Science at sea : meeting future oceanographic goals with a robust academic research fleet

Author

Saltzman, ES, Kiss, R, Pittenger, R, Chavez, F, Edwards, M, Fine, R, Rabalais, N, Swift, J, Wilcock, W, and Yoerger, D

Abstract

The U.S. academic research fleet is an essential national resource, and it is likely that scientific demands on the fleet will increase. Oceanographers are embracing a host of remote technologies that can facilitate the collection of data, but will continue to require capable, adaptable research vessels for access to the sea for the foreseeable future. Maintaining U.S. leadership in ocean research will require investing in larger and more capable general purpose Global and Regional class ships; involving the scientific community in all phases of ship design and acquisition; and improving coordination between agencies that operate research fleets.

Published
2009

7. State of the California current 2009-2010: Regional variation persists through transition from la Niña to el Niño (and back?)

Author

Bjorkstedt, EP, Goericke, R, McClatchie, S, Weber, E, Watson, W, Lo, N, Peterson, B, Emmett, B, Peterson, J, Durazo, R, Gaxiola-Castro, G, Chavez, F, Pennington, JT, Collins, CA, Field, J, Ralston, S, Sakuma, K, Bograd, SJ, Schwing, FB, Xue, Y, Sydeman, WJ, Thompson, SA, Santora, JA, Largier, J, Halle, C, Morgan, S, Kim, SY, Merkens, KPB, Hildebrand, JA, and Munger, LM

Subjects
Fisheries, Fisheries Sciences
Abstract

This report summarizes observations of the California Current System (CCS) from Baja California, Mexico to Oregon for the period from spring 2009 through spring 2010. During this period, changes in the state of the CCS reflected a transition from cool La Niña conditions into and through a short-lived, relatively weak El Niño event. Weaker than normal upwelling and several extended relaxation events contributed to warming over much of the CCS during summer 2009, especially in the north. Moderation of La Niña conditions in the CCS coincided with the development of El Niño conditions in the equatorial Pacific, yet manifested well in advance of any evidence for direct effects of El Niño on the CCS. Responses to El Niño in fall 2009 and winter 2009-2010 appear to have varied substantially with latitude: conditions off southern California returned to near climatological values with the decline of La Niña, and did not indicate any subsequent response to El Niño, yet the northern CCS warmed subtantially following the decline of La Niña and was strongly affected by intense downwelling during winter 2009-2010. The 2009-2010 El Niño diminished rapidly in early 2010, and upwelling off central and southern California resumed unusually early and strongly for a spring following an El Niño, but recovery from El Niño in early 2010 appears to be less robust in the northern CCS. Thus, despite dynamic changes in the overall state of the California Current, 2009-2010 continued the recent pattern of strong regional variability across the CCS.

Published
2010

8. Science at Sea: Meeting Future Oceanographic Goals with a Robust Academic Research Fleet

Author

Saltzman, ES, Glickson, D, Kiss, R, Pittenger, R, Chavez, F, Edwards, M, Fine, RA, Rabalais, NN, Swift, JH, Wilcock, WS, and Yoerger, D

Subjects
Science
Abstract

The National Research Council’s Committee on the Evolution of the National Oceanographic Research Fleet reviewed scientific and technological issues that could affect the evolution of the University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System (UNOLS) academic fleet. They examined a number of factors including: the impacts of advanced technologies, such as autonomous vehicles and ocean observing systems, on the role and characteristics of the future fleet with regard to national oceanographic data collection objectives; the most important factors in research vessel design, and whether specialized needs would dominate design criteria of newly built ships; the impacts of evolving modeling and remote sensing approaches on research operations, including ground-truthing and observation; the impact of rising costs of research vessel operations on the ability to conduct oceanographic research in the future; and the usefulness of partnering mechanisms, such as UNOLS, to support national oceanographic research objectives. The committee found that the U.S. academic research fleet is an essential national resource. Oceanographers are embracing a host of remote technologies that can facilitate the collection of data over a broad range of spatial and temporal scales, but will continue to require capable, adaptable research vessels for access to the sea as scientific demands on the fleet increase. The future fleet will be required to support increasingly complex, multidisciplinary, multi-investigator research projects in support of autonomous technologies, ocean observing systems, process studies, remote sensing, and modeling. Emerging technologies will impact future vessel design requirements for acoustic communications, deck space, payload, berthing, launch and recovery, and stability. There is also need for increased ship-to-shore bandwidth, in order to facilitate real-time, shore-based modeling and data analysis in support of underway programs, and allow participation of shore-based scientists. Maintaining U.S. leadership in ocean research will require investing in larger and more capable general purpose Global and Regional class ships to support multidisciplinary, multi-investigator research and advances in ocean technology; involving the scientific community in all phases of ship design and acquisition for future UNOLS ship acquisitions; and improving coordination between the various U.S. federal agencies that operate research fleets. Agencies supporting oceanographic research should also consider implementing one comprehensive, long-term research fleet renewal plan.

Published
2010

10. Variability of Atmospheric CO 2 Over the Arctic Ocean: Insights From the O‐Buoy Chemical Observing Network

Author

Graham, K. A., primary, Holmes, C. D., additional, Friedrich, G., additional, Rauschenberg, C. D., additional, Williams, C. R., additional, Bottenheim, J. W., additional, Chavez, F. P., additional, Halfacre, J. W., additional, Perovich, D. K., additional, Shepson, P. B., additional, Simpson, W. R., additional, and Matrai, P. A., additional

Published
2023
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14. Variability of Atmospheric CO2 Over the Arctic Ocean: Insights From the O‐Buoy Chemical Observing Network.

Author

Graham, K. A., Holmes, C. D., Friedrich, G., Rauschenberg, C. D., Williams, C. R., Bottenheim, J. W., Chavez, F. P., Halfacre, J. W., Perovich, D. K., Shepson, P. B., Simpson, W. R., and Matrai, P. A.

Subjects
SEA ice, ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide, GLOBAL warming, ARCTIC climate, ATMOSPHERIC models, SPRING, CARBON cycle
Abstract

As the Arctic climate rapidly warms, there is a critical need for understanding variability and change in the Arctic carbon cycle, but sparse spatial coverage of observations has hindered progress. This work analyzes measurements of atmospheric CO2 in the Arctic from long‐term on‐ice measurements (the O‐Buoy Network), as well as coastal observatories from 2009 to 2016. The on‐ice measurements showed smaller seasonal amplitudes than coastal observatories, in contrast to the general observation of poleward increases of seasonal cycle amplitude. Average on‐ice measurements were also lower than their coastal counterparts during winter and spring, contradicting the expectation that CO2 increases poleward in boreal winter. We compared the observations to CO2 simulated in an updated version of GEOS‐Chem 3‐D chemical transport model, which includes new tracers of airmass history and CO2 sources and sinks. The model reproduced the observed features of the seasonal cycle and showed that terrestrial biosphere fluxes and synoptic transport explain most CO2 variability (both synoptic and interannual) over the Arctic Ocean surface. The polar airmass partially isolates the Arctic Ocean surface air from terrestrial CO2 exchange, which explains the reduced seasonal cycle amplitude and winter maxima. All Arctic coastal sites had similar CO2 interannual variability, particularly in summer, which was largely reproduced by the model. The interannual variability observed over sea ice, however, was distinct from the coastal sites and not reproduced by the model. Air‐sea CO2 exchange in and around sea ice, which was once thought to be negligible, may be an important driver of interannual variability over the Arctic Ocean. Plain Language Summary: The Arctic is undergoing immense biogeochemical change, due to rapid warming in recent decades. These rapid changes contribute to uncertainty in the Arctic carbon cycle and the physical processes impacting carbon fluxes at these latitudes. In this work, we analyzed and modeled atmospheric CO2 concentrations obtained over Arctic sea ice and compared them with CO2 concentrations measured at coastal observatories. We found that CO2 concentrations over sea ice do not follow the general observed behavior that seasonal cycle amplitudes of CO2 (dominated by photosynthesis and respiration of the terrestrial biosphere) are increasing poleward as our global climate continues to warm. We also found that the interannual growth of CO2 is different between the coast and over sea ice. Our findings suggest that another physical process (likely gas exchange in and around sea ice) may be impacting atmospheric CO2 concentrations year‐to‐year at the highest latitudes and obtaining more observations over sea ice will add to knowledge of this sparsely observed region. Key Points: Atmospheric CO2 mixing ratio observations over Arctic Ocean sea ice are examined and interpreted using a chemical transport modelSeasonal cycle amplitudes of atmospheric CO2 are smaller, on average, over sea ice than at their coastal counterpartsGas exchange in and around sea ice likely influences the spatial gradients and interannual variability of CO2 over Arctic sea ice [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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18. Products from a surface ocean CO2 reference network, SOCONET

Author

Wanninkhof, R., Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Smith, K., Hankin, S., Alin, S. R., Cosca, C., Harasawa, S., Kozyr, A., Nojiri, Y., O'Brien, K., Telszewski, M., Tilbrook, B., Wada, C., Akl, J., Barbero, L., Bates, N. R., Boutin, J., Bozec, Y., Cai, W. J., Castle, R. D., Chavez, F. P., Chen, L., Chierici, M., Currie, K., De Baar, H. J. W., Evans, W., Feely, R. A., Fransson, A., Gao, Z., Hales, B., Hardman-Mountford, N. J., Hoppema, Mario, Huang, W.J., Hunt, C. W., Huss, B., Ichikawa, T., Johannessen, T., Jones, E. M., Jones, S. D., Jutterström, S., Kitidis, V., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefevre, N., Manke, A., Mathis, J. T., Merlivat, L., Metzl, N., Murata, A., Monteiro, P., Newberger, T., Omar, A. M., Ono, T., Park, G. H., Paterson, K., Pierrot, D., Rios, A. F., Sabine, C. L., Saito, S., Salisbury, J., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, Reiner, Sieger, Rainer, Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Sullivan, K. F., Sun, H., Sutton, A.J., Suzuki, T., Sweeney, C., Takahashi, T., Tjiputra, J., Tsurushima, N., Van Heuven, S. M. A. C., Vandemark, D., Vlahos, P., Wallace, D. W. R., Watson, A., Pickers, P. A., Olsen, A., Stephens, B.B., Munro, D., Rehder, G., Santana-Casiano, J. M., Müller, J. D., Trianes, J., Tedesco, K., Ishii, M., González-Dávila, M., Suntharalingam, P., Nakaoka, S.-i., Schuster, U., Wanninkhof, R., Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Smith, K., Hankin, S., Alin, S. R., Cosca, C., Harasawa, S., Kozyr, A., Nojiri, Y., O'Brien, K., Telszewski, M., Tilbrook, B., Wada, C., Akl, J., Barbero, L., Bates, N. R., Boutin, J., Bozec, Y., Cai, W. J., Castle, R. D., Chavez, F. P., Chen, L., Chierici, M., Currie, K., De Baar, H. J. W., Evans, W., Feely, R. A., Fransson, A., Gao, Z., Hales, B., Hardman-Mountford, N. J., Hoppema, Mario, Huang, W.J., Hunt, C. W., Huss, B., Ichikawa, T., Johannessen, T., Jones, E. M., Jones, S. D., Jutterström, S., Kitidis, V., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefevre, N., Manke, A., Mathis, J. T., Merlivat, L., Metzl, N., Murata, A., Monteiro, P., Newberger, T., Omar, A. M., Ono, T., Park, G. H., Paterson, K., Pierrot, D., Rios, A. F., Sabine, C. L., Saito, S., Salisbury, J., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, Reiner, Sieger, Rainer, Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Sullivan, K. F., Sun, H., Sutton, A.J., Suzuki, T., Sweeney, C., Takahashi, T., Tjiputra, J., Tsurushima, N., Van Heuven, S. M. A. C., Vandemark, D., Vlahos, P., Wallace, D. W. R., Watson, A., Pickers, P. A., Olsen, A., Stephens, B.B., Munro, D., Rehder, G., Santana-Casiano, J. M., Müller, J. D., Trianes, J., Tedesco, K., Ishii, M., González-Dávila, M., Suntharalingam, P., Nakaoka, S.-i., and Schuster, U.

Published
2020

19. Methyl bromide: ocean sources, ocean sinks, and climate sensitivity

Author

Anbar, A. D, Yung, Y. L, and Chavez, F. P

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

The oceans play an important role in the geochemical cycle of methyl bromide (CH3Br), the major carrier of O3-destroying bromine to the stratosphere. The quantity of CH3Br produced annually in seawater is comparable to the amount entering the atmosphere each year from natural and anthropogenic sources. The production mechanism is unknown but may be biological. Most of this CH3Br is consumed in situ by hydrolysis or reaction with chloride. The size of the fraction which escapes to the atmosphere is poorly constrained; measurements in seawater and the atmosphere have been used to justify both a large oceanic CH3Br flux to the atmosphere and a small net ocean sink. Since the consumption reactions are extremely temperature-sensitive, small temperature variations have large effects on the CH3Br concentration in seawater, and therefore on the exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean. The net CH3Br flux is also sensitive to variations in the rate of CH3Br production. We have quantified these effects using a simple steady state mass balance model. When CH3Br production rates are linearly scaled with seawater chlorophyll content, this model reproduces the latitudinal variations in marine CH3Br concentrations observed in the east Pacific Ocean by Singh et al. [1983] and by Lobert et al. [1995]. The apparent correlation of CH3Br production with primary production explains the discrepancies between the two observational studies, strengthening recent suggestions that the open ocean is a small net sink for atmospheric CH3Br, rather than a large net source. The Southern Ocean is implicated as a possible large net source of CH3Br to the atmosphere. Since our model indicates that both the direction and magnitude of CH3Br exchange between the atmosphere and ocean are extremely sensitive to temperature and marine productivity, and since the rate of CH3Br production in the oceans is comparable to the rate at which this compound is introduced to the atmosphere, even small perturbations to temperature or productivity can modify atmospheric CH3Br. Therefore atmospheric CH3Br should be sensitive to climate conditions. Our modeling indicates that climate-induced CH3Br variations can be larger than those resulting from small (+/- 25%) changes in the anthropogenic source, assuming that this source comprises less than half of all inputs. Future measurements of marine CH3Br, temperature, and primary production should be combined with such models to determine the relationship between marine biological activity and CH3Br production. Better understanding of the biological term is especially important to assess the importance of non-anthropogenic sources to stratospheric ozone loss and the sensitivity of these sources to global climate change.

Published
1996
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20. The Onset of the 1997-1998 El Nino and its Impact on the Phytoplankton Community of the Central Equatorial Pacific

Author

Chavez, F. P, Strutton, P. G, and McPhaden, M. J

Subjects
Life Sciences (General)
Abstract

Using physical and bio-optical data from moorings in the central equatorial Pacific, the perturbations to phytoplankton biomass and productivity associated with the onset of the 1997-98 El Nino event were investigated. The data presented depict the physical progression of El Nino onset, from reversal of the trade winds in the western equatorial Pacific, through eastward propagation of equatorially trapped Kelvin waves and advection of waters from the nutrient-poor western equatorial warm pool. The physical perturbations led to fluctuations in phytoplankton biomass, quantum yield of fluorescence and a 50% reduction in primary productivity.

Published
1996

22. Causality of an extreme harmful algal bloom in Monterey Bay, California, during the 2014–2016 northeast Pacific warm anomaly

Author

Ryan, J. P., primary, Kudela, R. M., additional, Birch, J. M., additional, Blum, M., additional, Bowers, H. A., additional, Chavez, F. P., additional, Doucette, G. J., additional, Hayashi, K., additional, Marin, R., additional, Mikulski, C. M., additional, Pennington, J. T., additional, Scholin, C. A., additional, Smith, G. J., additional, Woods, A., additional, and Zhang, Y., additional

Published
2017
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23. An update to the surface ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT version 2)

Author

Bakker, Dorothee, Pfeil, B., Smith, K, Hankin, S., Olsen, A, Alin, S. R., Cosca, C., Harasawa, S, Kozyr, A., Nojiri, Y., O'Brien, M, Schuster, Ute, Telszewski, Maciej, Tilbrook, B., Wada, C, Akl, J., Barbero, L, Bates, N., Boutin, J., Cai, W.-J., Castle, RD, Chavez, F. P., Chen, L, Chierici, M, Currie, K, de Baar, HJW, Evans, W., Feely, RA, Fransson, A, Gao, Z, Hales, B., Hardman-Mountford, N., Hoppema, M., Huang, W, Hunt, C. W., huss, b, Ichikawa, T, Johannessen, T., Jones, EM, Jones, S., Jutterstrom, Sara, Kitidis, V, Kortzinger, A, Lauvset, S. K., Lefevre, N, Manke, A., Mathis, T, Merlivat, L., Metzl, N., Murata, A., Newburger, T, Ono, T, Park, G.-H., Paterson, K., Pierrot, D., Rios, AF, Sabine, C. L., Saito, S, Salisbury, J., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, R., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Sullivan, K, Sun, H, Sutton, AJ, Suzuki, T., Sweeney, C, Takahashi, T., Tjiputra, J., Tsurushima, N, van Heuven, S.M.A.C, Vandemark, D., Vlahos, P, Wallace, D, Wanninkhof, R, and Watson, A. J.

Published
2013

24. The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) enables detection of changes in the ocean carbon sink

Author

Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Smith, K., Hankin, S., Olsen, A., Alin, S. R., Cosca, C., Harasawa, S., Kozyr, A., Nojiri, Y., O'Brien, K. M., Schuster, U., Telszewski, M., Tilbrook, B., Wada, C., Akl, J., Barbero, L., Bates, N.R., Boutin, J., Bozec, Y., Cai, W.-J., Castle, R.D., Chavez, F. P., Chen, L., Chierici, M., Currie, K., de Baar, H.J.W., Evans, W., Feely, R.A., Fransson, A., Gao, Z., Hales, B., Hardman-Mountford, N.J., Hoppema, Mario, Huang, W.-J., Hunt, C. W., Huss, B., Ichikawa, T., Johannessen, T., Jones, E. M., Jones, S.D., Jutterström, S., Kitidis, V., Körtzinger, A., Landschϋtzer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Manke, A. B., Mathis, J.T., Merlivat, L., Metzl, N., Murata, A., Newberger, T., Omar, A.M., Ono, T., Park, G.-H., Paterson, K., Pierrot, D., Ríos,, A.F., Sabine, C.L., Saito, S., Salisbury, J., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, Reiner, Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Sullivan, K.F., Sun, H., Sutton, A.J., Suzuki, T., Sweeney, C., Takahashi, T., Tjiputra, J., Tsurushima, N., Van Heuven, S. M. A. C., Vandemark, D., Vlahos, P., Wallace, D. W. R., Wanninkhof, R., Watson, A. J., Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Smith, K., Hankin, S., Olsen, A., Alin, S. R., Cosca, C., Harasawa, S., Kozyr, A., Nojiri, Y., O'Brien, K. M., Schuster, U., Telszewski, M., Tilbrook, B., Wada, C., Akl, J., Barbero, L., Bates, N.R., Boutin, J., Bozec, Y., Cai, W.-J., Castle, R.D., Chavez, F. P., Chen, L., Chierici, M., Currie, K., de Baar, H.J.W., Evans, W., Feely, R.A., Fransson, A., Gao, Z., Hales, B., Hardman-Mountford, N.J., Hoppema, Mario, Huang, W.-J., Hunt, C. W., Huss, B., Ichikawa, T., Johannessen, T., Jones, E. M., Jones, S.D., Jutterström, S., Kitidis, V., Körtzinger, A., Landschϋtzer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Manke, A. B., Mathis, J.T., Merlivat, L., Metzl, N., Murata, A., Newberger, T., Omar, A.M., Ono, T., Park, G.-H., Paterson, K., Pierrot, D., Ríos,, A.F., Sabine, C.L., Saito, S., Salisbury, J., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, Reiner, Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Sullivan, K.F., Sun, H., Sutton, A.J., Suzuki, T., Sweeney, C., Takahashi, T., Tjiputra, J., Tsurushima, N., Van Heuven, S. M. A. C., Vandemark, D., Vlahos, P., Wallace, D. W. R., Wanninkhof, R., and Watson, A. J.

Published
2015

26. An update to the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT version 2)

Author

Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Smith, K., Hankin, S., Olsen, A., Alin, S. R., Cosca, C., Harasawa, S., Kozyr, A., Nojiri, Y., O'Brien, K. M., Schuster, U., Telszewski, M., Tilbrook, B., Wada, C., Akl, J., Barbero, L., Bates, N. R., Boutin, J., Bozec, Y., Cai, W. -j., Castle, R. D., Chavez, F. P., Chen, L., Chierici, M., Currie, K., De Baar, H. J. W., Evans, W., Feely, R. A., Fransson, A., Gao, Z., Hales, B., Hardman-mountford, N. J., Hoppema, M., Huang, W. -j., Hunt, C. W., Huss, B., Ichikawa, T., Johannessen, T., Jones, E. M., Jones, S. D., Jutterstrom, S., Kitidis, V., Koertzinger, A., Landschuetzer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefevre, N., Manke, A. B., Mathis, J. T., Merlivat, L., Metzl, N., Murata, A., Newberger, T., Omar, A. M., Ono, T., Park, G. -h., Paterson, K., Pierrot, D., Rios, A. F., Sabine, C. L., Saito, S., Salisbury, J., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, R., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Sullivan, K. F., Sun, H., Sutton, A. J., Suzuki, T., Sweeney, C., Takahashi, T., Tjiputra, J., Tsurushima, N., Van Heuven, S. M. A. C., Vandemark, D., Vlahos, P., Wallace, D. W. R., Wanninkhof, R., Watson, A. J., Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Smith, K., Hankin, S., Olsen, A., Alin, S. R., Cosca, C., Harasawa, S., Kozyr, A., Nojiri, Y., O'Brien, K. M., Schuster, U., Telszewski, M., Tilbrook, B., Wada, C., Akl, J., Barbero, L., Bates, N. R., Boutin, J., Bozec, Y., Cai, W. -j., Castle, R. D., Chavez, F. P., Chen, L., Chierici, M., Currie, K., De Baar, H. J. W., Evans, W., Feely, R. A., Fransson, A., Gao, Z., Hales, B., Hardman-mountford, N. J., Hoppema, M., Huang, W. -j., Hunt, C. W., Huss, B., Ichikawa, T., Johannessen, T., Jones, E. M., Jones, S. D., Jutterstrom, S., Kitidis, V., Koertzinger, A., Landschuetzer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefevre, N., Manke, A. B., Mathis, J. T., Merlivat, L., Metzl, N., Murata, A., Newberger, T., Omar, A. M., Ono, T., Park, G. -h., Paterson, K., Pierrot, D., Rios, A. F., Sabine, C. L., Saito, S., Salisbury, J., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, R., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Sullivan, K. F., Sun, H., Sutton, A. J., Suzuki, T., Sweeney, C., Takahashi, T., Tjiputra, J., Tsurushima, N., Van Heuven, S. M. A. C., Vandemark, D., Vlahos, P., Wallace, D. W. R., Wanninkhof, R., and Watson, A. J.

Abstract

The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT), an activity of the international marine carbon research community, provides access to synthesis and gridded fCO(2) (fugacity of carbon dioxide) products for the surface oceans. Version 2 of SOCAT is an update of the previous release (version 1) with more data (increased from 6.3 million to 10.1 million surface water fCO(2) values) and extended data coverage (from 1968-2007 to 1968-2011). The quality control criteria, while identical in both versions, have been applied more strictly in version 2 than in version 1. The SOCAT website (http://www.socat.info/) has links to quality control comments, metadata, individual data set files, and synthesis and gridded data products. Interactive online tools allow visitors to explore the richness of the data. Applications of SOCAT include process studies, quantification of the ocean carbon sink and its spatial, seasonal, year-to-year and longer-term variation, as well as initialisation or validation of ocean carbon models and coupled climate-carbon models.

Published
2014
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27. The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) enables detection of changes in the ocean carbon sink

Author

Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Smith, K., Hankin, S., Olsen, A., Alin, S. R., Cosca, C., Harasawa, S., Kozyr, A., Nojiri, Y., O'Brien, K.M., Schuster, U., Telszewski, M., Tilbrook, B., Wada, C., Akl, J., Barbero, L., Bates, N. R., Boutin, J., Bozec, Y., Cai, W.-J., Castle, R. D., Chavez, F. P., Chen, L., Chierici, M., Currie, K., De Baar, H. J. W., Evans, W., Feely, R. A., Fransson, A., Gao, Z., Hales, B., Hardman-Mountford, N. J., Hoppema, Mario, Huang, W.-J., Hunt, C. W., Huss, B., Ichikawa, T., Johannessen, T., Jones, E. M., Jones, S. D., Jutterström, S., Kitidis, V., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Manke, A. B., Mathis, J.T., Merlivat, L., Metzl, N., Murata, A., Newberger, T., Omar, A. M., Ono, T., Park, G.-H., Paterson, K., Pierrot, D., Ríos, A. F., Sabine, C. L., Saito, S., Salisbury, J., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, Reiner, Sieger, Rainer, Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Sullivan, K. F., Sun, H., Sutton, A. J., Suzuki, T., Sweeney, C., Takahashi, T., Tjiputra, J., Tsurushima, N., Van Heuven, S. M. A. C., Vandemark, D., Vlahos, P., Wallace, D. W. R., Wanninkhof, R., Watson, A. J., Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Smith, K., Hankin, S., Olsen, A., Alin, S. R., Cosca, C., Harasawa, S., Kozyr, A., Nojiri, Y., O'Brien, K.M., Schuster, U., Telszewski, M., Tilbrook, B., Wada, C., Akl, J., Barbero, L., Bates, N. R., Boutin, J., Bozec, Y., Cai, W.-J., Castle, R. D., Chavez, F. P., Chen, L., Chierici, M., Currie, K., De Baar, H. J. W., Evans, W., Feely, R. A., Fransson, A., Gao, Z., Hales, B., Hardman-Mountford, N. J., Hoppema, Mario, Huang, W.-J., Hunt, C. W., Huss, B., Ichikawa, T., Johannessen, T., Jones, E. M., Jones, S. D., Jutterström, S., Kitidis, V., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Manke, A. B., Mathis, J.T., Merlivat, L., Metzl, N., Murata, A., Newberger, T., Omar, A. M., Ono, T., Park, G.-H., Paterson, K., Pierrot, D., Ríos, A. F., Sabine, C. L., Saito, S., Salisbury, J., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, Reiner, Sieger, Rainer, Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Sullivan, K. F., Sun, H., Sutton, A. J., Suzuki, T., Sweeney, C., Takahashi, T., Tjiputra, J., Tsurushima, N., Van Heuven, S. M. A. C., Vandemark, D., Vlahos, P., Wallace, D. W. R., Wanninkhof, R., and Watson, A. J.

Published
2014

29. An update to the Surface Ocean CO<sub>2</sub> Atlas (SOCAT version 2)

Author

Bakker, D. C. E., primary, Pfeil, B., additional, Smith, K., additional, Hankin, S., additional, Olsen, A., additional, Alin, S. R., additional, Cosca, C., additional, Harasawa, S., additional, Kozyr, A., additional, Nojiri, Y., additional, O'Brien, K. M., additional, Schuster, U., additional, Telszewski, M., additional, Tilbrook, B., additional, Wada, C., additional, Akl, J., additional, Barbero, L., additional, Bates, N. R., additional, Boutin, J., additional, Bozec, Y., additional, Cai, W.-J., additional, Castle, R. D., additional, Chavez, F. P., additional, Chen, L., additional, Chierici, M., additional, Currie, K., additional, de Baar, H. J. W., additional, Evans, W., additional, Feely, R. A., additional, Fransson, A., additional, Gao, Z., additional, Hales, B., additional, Hardman-Mountford, N. J., additional, Hoppema, M., additional, Huang, W.-J., additional, Hunt, C. W., additional, Huss, B., additional, Ichikawa, T., additional, Johannessen, T., additional, Jones, E. M., additional, Jones, S. D., additional, Jutterström, S., additional, Kitidis, V., additional, Körtzinger, A., additional, Landschützer, P., additional, Lauvset, S. K., additional, Lefèvre, N., additional, Manke, A. B., additional, Mathis, J. T., additional, Merlivat, L., additional, Metzl, N., additional, Murata, A., additional, Newberger, T., additional, Omar, A. M., additional, Ono, T., additional, Park, G.-H., additional, Paterson, K., additional, Pierrot, D., additional, Ríos, A. F., additional, Sabine, C. L., additional, Saito, S., additional, Salisbury, J., additional, Sarma, V. V. S. S., additional, Schlitzer, R., additional, Sieger, R., additional, Skjelvan, I., additional, Steinhoff, T., additional, Sullivan, K. F., additional, Sun, H., additional, Sutton, A. J., additional, Suzuki, T., additional, Sweeney, C., additional, Takahashi, T., additional, Tjiputra, J., additional, Tsurushima, N., additional, van Heuven, S. M. A. C., additional, Vandemark, D., additional, Vlahos, P., additional, Wallace, D. W. R., additional, Wanninkhof, R., additional, and Watson, A. J., additional

Published
2014
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30. The California Current system off Monterey, California: physical and biological coupling

Author

Collins, C. A., Pennington, J. T., Castro, C. G., Rago, T. A., Chavez, F. P., Naval Postgraduate School, and Oceanography

Abstract

The article of record as published may be located at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(03)00134-6 Repeated hydrobiological surveys over the period 1988-2002 perpendicular to the central California coast indicate strong coupling between physical circulation and biological production. An equatorward-flowing jet about 100-200 km from shore marked the inshore edge of the California Current. This "CC Jet" had its highest valocities during late winter and spring. The jet divided inshore, biologically productive waters from offshore, low-production waters. Mean flow in the inshore waters is poleward. However, this flow is interrupted in late spring and summer by a surface-enhanced, equatorward-flowing, coastal upwelling jet. The upwelling jet coincides with maxima of nutrients, chlorophyll-a and primary production. Annual variability in the inshore zone is related to (1) vertical pycnocline movements associated with geostrophic adjustments to accelerations of the California Current system, and (2) coastal upwelling. In offshore waters, the annual cycle accounted for a small fraction of the variability, indicating the dominance of eddies and meanders in this zone (J. Geophys. Res. 92 (1987) 12947). The offshore regime was mesotrophic to ogliotrophic, with a subsurface chlorophyll-a maximum above the nutricline. Considerable subduction may occur under the California Current jet and be an important process in the export of biogenic material to the deep sea.

Published
2003

31. Two models for absorption by coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM)

Author

Schwarz, J. N., Kowalczuk, P., Kaczmarek, S., Cota, G. F., B. Greg Mitchell, Kahru, M., Chavez, F. P., Cunningham, A., Mckee, D., Gege, P., Kishino, M., Phinney, D. A., and Raine, R.

Subjects
lcsh:Oceanography, Ocean colour, UV absorption, CDOM, lcsh:GC1-1581, Gelbstoff
Abstract

The standard exponential model for CDOM absorption has been applied to data from diverse waters. Absorption at 440 nm (ag440) ranged between close to zero and 10 m-1, and the slope of the semilogarithmic absorption spectrum over a minimum range of 400 to 440 nm (s440) ranged between < 0.01 and 0.04 nm-1. No relationship was found between ag440 or s440 and salinity. Except in the southern Baltic, s440 was found to have a broad distribution (0.0165 ± 0.0035), suggesting that it should be introduced as an additional variable in bio-optical models when ag440 is large. An alternative model for CDOM absorption was applied to available high quality UV-visible absorption spectra from the Wisla river (Poland). This model assumes that the CDOM absorption spectrum comprises distinct Gaussian absorption bands in the UV, similar to those of benzene. Five bands were fit to the data. The mean central energy of all bands was higher in early summer (E~7.2, 6.6, 6.4, 6.2 and 5.5 eV or 172, 188, 194, 200 and 226 nm) than in winter. The higher energy bands were found to decay in both height and width with increasing salinity, while lower energy bands broadened with increasing salinity. s440 was found to be correlated with shape parameters of the bands centred at 6.4 and 5.5 eV. While the exponential model is convenient for optical modelling and remote sensing applications, these results suggest that the Gaussian model offers a deeper understanding of chemical interactions affecting CDOM molecular structure.

Published
2002

32. A uniform, quality controlled Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

Author

Pfeil, B., Olsen, A., Bakker, D. C. E., Hankin, S., Koyuk, H., Kozyr, A., Malczyk, J., Manke, A., Metzl, N., Sabine, C. L., Akl, J., Alin, S. R., Bellerby, R. G. J., Borges, A., Boutin, J., Brown, P. J., Cai, W.-J., Chavez, F. P., Chen, A., Cosca, C., Fassbender, A. J., Feely, R. A., González-Dávila, M., Goyet, C., Hardman-Mountford, N., Heinze, C., Hood, M., Hoppema, M., Hunt, C. W., Hydes, D., Ishii, M., Johannessen, T., Jones, S. D., Key, R. M., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lourantou, A., Merlivat, L., Midorikawa, T., Mintrop, L., Miyazaki, C., Murata, A., Nakadate, A., Nakano, Y., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., Omar, A. M., Padin, X. A., Park, G.-H., Paterson, K., Perez, F. F., Pierrot, D., Poisson, A., Ríos, A. F., Santana-Casiano, J. M., Salisbury, J., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schuster, U., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, Tobias, Suzuki, T., Takahashi, T., Tedesco, K., Telszewski, M., Thomas, H., Tilbrook, B., Tjiputra, J., Vandemark, D., Veness, T., Wanninkhof, R., Watson, A. J., Weiss, R., Wong, C. S., Yoshikawa-Inoue, H., Pfeil, B., Olsen, A., Bakker, D. C. E., Hankin, S., Koyuk, H., Kozyr, A., Malczyk, J., Manke, A., Metzl, N., Sabine, C. L., Akl, J., Alin, S. R., Bellerby, R. G. J., Borges, A., Boutin, J., Brown, P. J., Cai, W.-J., Chavez, F. P., Chen, A., Cosca, C., Fassbender, A. J., Feely, R. A., González-Dávila, M., Goyet, C., Hardman-Mountford, N., Heinze, C., Hood, M., Hoppema, M., Hunt, C. W., Hydes, D., Ishii, M., Johannessen, T., Jones, S. D., Key, R. M., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lourantou, A., Merlivat, L., Midorikawa, T., Mintrop, L., Miyazaki, C., Murata, A., Nakadate, A., Nakano, Y., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., Omar, A. M., Padin, X. A., Park, G.-H., Paterson, K., Perez, F. F., Pierrot, D., Poisson, A., Ríos, A. F., Santana-Casiano, J. M., Salisbury, J., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schuster, U., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, Tobias, Suzuki, T., Takahashi, T., Tedesco, K., Telszewski, M., Thomas, H., Tilbrook, B., Tjiputra, J., Vandemark, D., Veness, T., Wanninkhof, R., Watson, A. J., Weiss, R., Wong, C. S., and Yoshikawa-Inoue, H.

Abstract

A well documented, publicly available, global data set of surface ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) parameters has been called for by international groups for nearly two decades. The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) project was initiated by the international marine carbon science community in 2007 with the aim of providing a comprehensive, publicly available, regularly updated, global data set of marine surface CO2, which had been subject to quality control (QC). Many additional CO2 data, not yet made public via the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC), were retrieved from data originators, public websites and other data centres. All data were put in a uniform format following a strict protocol. Quality control was carried out according to clearly defined criteria. Regional specialists performed the quality control, using state-of-the-art web-based tools, specially developed for accomplishing this global team effort. SOCAT version 1.5 was made public in September 2011 and holds 6.3 million quality controlled surface CO2 data points from the global oceans and coastal seas, spanning four decades (1968–2007). Three types of data products are available: individual cruise files, a merged complete data set and gridded products. With the rapid expansion of marine CO2 data collection and the importance of quantifying net global oceanic CO2 uptake and its changes, sustained data synthesis and data access are priorities

Published
2013

33. Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) Gridded Data Products

Author

Sabine, C. L., Hankin, S., Koyuk, H., Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Olsen, A., Metzl, N., Kozyr, A., Fassbender, A., Manke, A., Malczyk, J., Akl, J., Alin, S. R., Bellerby, R. G. J., Borges, A., Boutin, J., Brown, P. J., Cai, W. -j., Chavez, F. P., Chen, A., Cosca, C., Feely, R. A., Gonzalez-davila, M., Goyet, C., Hardman-mountford, N., Heinze, C., Hoppema, M., Hunt, C. W., Hydes, D., Ishii, M., Johannessen, T., Key, R. M., Koertzinger, A., Landschuetzer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefevre, N., Lenton, A., Lourantou, A., Merlivat, L., Midorikawa, T., Mintrop, L., Miyazaki, C., Murata, A., Nakadate, A., Nakano, Y., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., Omar, A. M., Padin, X. A., Park, G. -h., Paterson, K., Perez, F.f., Pierrot, D., Poisson, A., Rios, A. F., Salisbury, J., Santana-casiano, J. M., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schuster, U., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Suzuki, T., Takahashi, T., Tedesco, K., Telszewski, M., Thomas, H., Tilbrook, B., Vandemark, D., Veness, T., Watson, A. J., Weiss, R., Wong, C. S., Yoshikawa-inoue, H., Sabine, C. L., Hankin, S., Koyuk, H., Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Olsen, A., Metzl, N., Kozyr, A., Fassbender, A., Manke, A., Malczyk, J., Akl, J., Alin, S. R., Bellerby, R. G. J., Borges, A., Boutin, J., Brown, P. J., Cai, W. -j., Chavez, F. P., Chen, A., Cosca, C., Feely, R. A., Gonzalez-davila, M., Goyet, C., Hardman-mountford, N., Heinze, C., Hoppema, M., Hunt, C. W., Hydes, D., Ishii, M., Johannessen, T., Key, R. M., Koertzinger, A., Landschuetzer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefevre, N., Lenton, A., Lourantou, A., Merlivat, L., Midorikawa, T., Mintrop, L., Miyazaki, C., Murata, A., Nakadate, A., Nakano, Y., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., Omar, A. M., Padin, X. A., Park, G. -h., Paterson, K., Perez, F.f., Pierrot, D., Poisson, A., Rios, A. F., Salisbury, J., Santana-casiano, J. M., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schuster, U., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Suzuki, T., Takahashi, T., Tedesco, K., Telszewski, M., Thomas, H., Tilbrook, B., Vandemark, D., Veness, T., Watson, A. J., Weiss, R., Wong, C. S., and Yoshikawa-inoue, H.

Abstract

A well documented, publicly available, global data set for surface ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) parameters has been called for by international groups for nearly two decades. The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) project was initiated by the international marine carbon science community in 2007 with the aim of providing a comprehensive, publicly available, regularly updated, global data set of marine surface CO2, which had been subject to quality control (QC). SOCAT version 1.5 was made public in September 2011 and holds 6.3 million quality controlled surface CO2 data from the global oceans and coastal seas, spanning four decades (1968–2007). The SOCAT gridded data is the second data product to come from the SOCAT project. Recognizing that some groups may have trouble working with millions of measurements, the SOCAT gridded product was generated to provide a robust regularly spaced fCO2 product with minimal spatial and temporal interpolation which should be easier to work with for many applications. Gridded SOCAT is rich with information that has not been fully explored yet, but also contains biases and limitations that the user needs to recognize and address.

Published
2013
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34. An update to the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT version 2)

Author

Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Smith, K., Hankin, S., Olsen, A., Alin, S. R., Cosca, C., Harasawa, S., Kozyr, A., Nojiri, Y., O'Brien, K. M., Schuster, U., Telszewski, M., Tilbrook, B., Wada, C., Akl, J., Barbero, L., Bates, N., Boutin, J., Cai, W.-J., Castle, R. D., Chavez, F. P., Chen, L., Chierici, M., Currie, K., de Baar, H. J. W., Evans, W., Feely, R. A., Fransson, A., Gao, Z., Hales, B., Hardman-Mountford, N., Hoppema, Mario, Huang, W.-J., Hunt, C. W., Huss, B., Ichikawa, T., Johannessen, T., Jones, Elizabeth M., Jones, S. D., Jutterström, S., Kitidis, V., Körtzinger, A., Landschtzer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Manke, A. B., Mathis, J. T., Merlivat, L., Metzl, N., Murata, A., Newberger, T., Ono, T., Park, G.-H., Paterson, K., Pierrot, D., Ríos, A. F., Sabine, C. L., Saito, S., Salisbury, J., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, Reiner, Sieger, Rainer, Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Sullivan, K., Sun, H., Sutton, A. J., Suzuki, T., Sweeney, C., Takahashi, T., Tjiputra, J., Tsurushima, N., van Heuven, S. M. A. C., Vandemark, D., Vlahos, P., Wallace, D. W. R., Wanninkhof, R., Watson, A. J., Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Smith, K., Hankin, S., Olsen, A., Alin, S. R., Cosca, C., Harasawa, S., Kozyr, A., Nojiri, Y., O'Brien, K. M., Schuster, U., Telszewski, M., Tilbrook, B., Wada, C., Akl, J., Barbero, L., Bates, N., Boutin, J., Cai, W.-J., Castle, R. D., Chavez, F. P., Chen, L., Chierici, M., Currie, K., de Baar, H. J. W., Evans, W., Feely, R. A., Fransson, A., Gao, Z., Hales, B., Hardman-Mountford, N., Hoppema, Mario, Huang, W.-J., Hunt, C. W., Huss, B., Ichikawa, T., Johannessen, T., Jones, Elizabeth M., Jones, S. D., Jutterström, S., Kitidis, V., Körtzinger, A., Landschtzer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Manke, A. B., Mathis, J. T., Merlivat, L., Metzl, N., Murata, A., Newberger, T., Ono, T., Park, G.-H., Paterson, K., Pierrot, D., Ríos, A. F., Sabine, C. L., Saito, S., Salisbury, J., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, Reiner, Sieger, Rainer, Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Sullivan, K., Sun, H., Sutton, A. J., Suzuki, T., Sweeney, C., Takahashi, T., Tjiputra, J., Tsurushima, N., van Heuven, S. M. A. C., Vandemark, D., Vlahos, P., Wallace, D. W. R., Wanninkhof, R., and Watson, A. J.

Abstract

The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is an effort by the international marine carbon research community. It aims to improve access to carbon dioxide measurements in the surface oceans by regular releases of quality controlled and fully documented synthesis and gridded fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) products. SOCAT version 2 presented here extends the data set for the global oceans and coastal seas by four years and has 10.1 million surface water fCO2 values from 2660 cruises between 1968 and 2011. The procedures for creating version 2 have been comparable to those for version 1. The SOCAT website (http://www.socat.info/) provides access to the individual cruise data files, as well as to the synthesis and gridded data products. Interactive online tools allow visitors to explore the richness of the data. Scientific users can also retrieve the data as downloadable files or via Ocean Data View. Version 2 enables carbon specialists to expand their studies until 2011. Applications of SOCAT include process studies, quantification of the ocean carbon sink and its spatial, seasonal, year-to-year and longer-term variation, as well as initialisation or validation of ocean carbon models and coupled-climate carbon models.

Published
2013

35. Water Mass Bio-optical Properties in the Monterey Bay Region: Fluorescence-based Inference of Shifts in Phytoplankton Photophysiology

Author

NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS DETACHMENT STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV, Jolliff, J K, Gould Jr, R W, Penta, B, Teague, W J, DeRada, S, Chavez, F P, Arnone, R A, NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS DETACHMENT STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV, Jolliff, J K, Gould Jr, R W, Penta, B, Teague, W J, DeRada, S, Chavez, F P, and Arnone, R A

Abstract

A physical and bio-optical field survey of the Monterey Bay area was conducted during May -June 2008. The combined bio-optical and physical data may be summarized as a transition between two end-member states during the late spring to summer upwelling season: (1) the mesotrophic, nanoflagellate-dominated, low-salinity surface waters (chlorophyll-a 0.5 -2 mg m (exp -3); S 33.4) of the California Current and (2) the eutrophic, diatomaceous, higher salinity surface waters (chlorophyll-a 2 mg m(exp -3); S 33.8) of Monterey Bay and adjacent continental shelf areas. High-resolution and collocated spectrophotometric, fluorometric and CTD data obtained from a towed platform indicated low-salinity subarctic-origin surface waters intruded into Monterey Bay on 4 June. The dark in vivo fluorometry (IVF) phytoplankton response normalized to particle absorption at 676 nm (the apparent fluorescence efficiency, AFE) was nearly fourfold larger in this water mass type compared to higher salinity surface waters more typical of Monterey Bay. The collocated fluorescence and optical data were then used to estimate in situ irradiance values and determine apparent light saturation intensities (l'(sub k)) based on the remarkably consistent AFE water column inflection points. I'(sub k) values retrieved from the low-salinity surface waters were approximately half those obtained over the continental shelf. An analysis of concomitant HPLC data, in addition to historical data for the region, suggest these observed fluorescence trends may be indicative of taxon-specific variation in photophysiology., Pub. in Journal of Geophysical Research, v117, p1-16, 2012.

Published
2012

36. A uniform, quality controlled Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

Author

Pfeil, B., Olsen, A., Bakker, D. C. E., Hankin, S., Koyuk, H., Kozyr, A., Malczyk, J., Manke, A., Metzl, N., Sabine, C. L., Akl, J., Alin, S. R., Bellerby, R. G. J., Borges, A., Boutin, J., Brown, P. J., Cai, W.-J., Chavez, F. P., Chen, A., Cosca, C., Fassbender, A. J., Feely, R. A., González-Dávila, M., Goyet, C., Hardman-Mountford, N., Heinze, C., Hood, M., Hoppema, M., Hunt, C. W., Hydes, D., Ishii, M., Johannessen, T., Jones, S. D., Key, R. M., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lourantou, A., Merlivat, L., Midorikawa, T., Mintrop, L., Miyazaki, C., Murata, A., Nakadate, A., Nakano, Y., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., Omar, A. M., Padin, X. A., Park, G.-H., Paterson, K., Perez, F. F., Pierrot, D., Poisson, A., Ríos, A. F., Santana-Casiano, J. M., Salisbury, J., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schuster, U., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Suzuki, T., Takahashi, T., Tedesco, K., Telszewski, M., Thomas, H., Tilbrook, B., Tjiputra, J., Vandemark, D., Veness, T., Wanninkhof, R., Watson, A. J., Weiss, R., Wong, C. S., Yoshikawa-Inoue, H., Pfeil, B., Olsen, A., Bakker, D. C. E., Hankin, S., Koyuk, H., Kozyr, A., Malczyk, J., Manke, A., Metzl, N., Sabine, C. L., Akl, J., Alin, S. R., Bellerby, R. G. J., Borges, A., Boutin, J., Brown, P. J., Cai, W.-J., Chavez, F. P., Chen, A., Cosca, C., Fassbender, A. J., Feely, R. A., González-Dávila, M., Goyet, C., Hardman-Mountford, N., Heinze, C., Hood, M., Hoppema, M., Hunt, C. W., Hydes, D., Ishii, M., Johannessen, T., Jones, S. D., Key, R. M., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lourantou, A., Merlivat, L., Midorikawa, T., Mintrop, L., Miyazaki, C., Murata, A., Nakadate, A., Nakano, Y., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., Omar, A. M., Padin, X. A., Park, G.-H., Paterson, K., Perez, F. F., Pierrot, D., Poisson, A., Ríos, A. F., Santana-Casiano, J. M., Salisbury, J., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schuster, U., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Suzuki, T., Takahashi, T., Tedesco, K., Telszewski, M., Thomas, H., Tilbrook, B., Tjiputra, J., Vandemark, D., Veness, T., Wanninkhof, R., Watson, A. J., Weiss, R., Wong, C. S., and Yoshikawa-Inoue, H.

Published
2012

37. Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) gridded data products

Author

Sabine, C. L., Hankin, S., Koyuk, H., Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Olsen, A., Metzl, N., Kozyr, A., Fassbender, A., Manke, A., Malczyk, J., Akl, J., Alin, S. R., Bellerby, R. G. J., Borges, A., Boutin, J., Brown, P. J., Cai, W.-J., Chavez, F. P., Chen, A., Cosca, C., Feely, R. A., González-Dávila, M., Goyet, C., Hardman-Mountford, N., Heinze, C., Hoppema, M., Hunt, C. W., Hydes, D., Ishii, M., Johannessen, T., Key, R. M., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lourantou, A., Merlivat, L., Midorikawa, T., Mintrop, L., Miyazaki, C., Murata, A., Nakadate, A., Nakano, Y., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., Omar, A. M., Padin, X. A., Park, G.-H., Paterson, K., Perez, F. F., Pierrot, D., Poisson, A., Ríos, A. F., Salisbury, J., Santana-Casiano, J. M., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schuster, U., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Suzuki, T., Takahashi, T., Tedesco, K., Telszewski, M., Thomas, H., Tilbrook, B., Vandemark, D., Veness, T., Watson, A. J., Weiss, R., Wong, C. S., Yoshikawa-Inoue, H., Sabine, C. L., Hankin, S., Koyuk, H., Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Olsen, A., Metzl, N., Kozyr, A., Fassbender, A., Manke, A., Malczyk, J., Akl, J., Alin, S. R., Bellerby, R. G. J., Borges, A., Boutin, J., Brown, P. J., Cai, W.-J., Chavez, F. P., Chen, A., Cosca, C., Feely, R. A., González-Dávila, M., Goyet, C., Hardman-Mountford, N., Heinze, C., Hoppema, M., Hunt, C. W., Hydes, D., Ishii, M., Johannessen, T., Key, R. M., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lourantou, A., Merlivat, L., Midorikawa, T., Mintrop, L., Miyazaki, C., Murata, A., Nakadate, A., Nakano, Y., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., Omar, A. M., Padin, X. A., Park, G.-H., Paterson, K., Perez, F. F., Pierrot, D., Poisson, A., Ríos, A. F., Salisbury, J., Santana-Casiano, J. M., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schuster, U., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Suzuki, T., Takahashi, T., Tedesco, K., Telszewski, M., Thomas, H., Tilbrook, B., Vandemark, D., Veness, T., Watson, A. J., Weiss, R., Wong, C. S., and Yoshikawa-Inoue, H.

Published
2012

38. Differential distributions of Synechococcus subgroups across the California current system

Author

Paerl, R. W., Johnson, K. S., Welsh, R. M., Worden, Alexandra Z., Chavez, F. P., Zehr, J. P., Paerl, R. W., Johnson, K. S., Welsh, R. M., Worden, Alexandra Z., Chavez, F. P., and Zehr, J. P.

Abstract

Synechococcus is an abundant marine cyanobacterial genus composed of different populations that vary physiologically. Synechococcus narB gene sequences (encoding for nitrate reductase in cyanobacteria) obtained previously from isolates and the environment (e.g., North Pacific Gyre Station ALOHA, Hawaii or Monterey Bay, CA, USA) were used to develop quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays. These qPCR assays were used to quantify populations from specific narB phylogenetic clades across the California Current System (CCS), a region composed of dynamic zones between a coastal-upwelling zone and the oligotrophic Pacific Ocean. Targeted populations (narB subgroups) had different biogeographic patterns across the CCS, which appear to be driven by environmental conditions. Subgroups CC1, DC1, and DC2 were abundant in coastal-upwelling to coastal-transition zone waters with relatively high to intermediate ammonium, nitrate, and chl. a concentrations. Subgroups AC1 and FC1 were most abundant in coastal-transition zone waters with intermediate nutrient concentrations. EO1 and GO1 were most abundant at different depths of oligotrophic open-ocean waters (either in the upper mixed layer or just below). EO1, AC1, and FC1 distributions differed from other narB subgroups and likely possess unique ecologies enabling them to be most abundant in waters between coastal and open-ocean waters. Different CCS zones possessed distinct Synechococcus communities. Core California current water possessed low numbers of narB subgroups relative to counted Synechococcus cells, and coastal-transition waters contained high abundances of Synechococcus cells and total number of narB subgroups. The presented biogeographic data provides insight on the distributions and ecologies of Synechococcus present in an eastern boundary current system. © 2011 Paerl, Johnson, Welsh, Worden, Chavez and Zehr.

Published
2011
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39. Targeted metagenomics and ecology of globally important uncultured eukaryotic phytoplankton

Author

Cuvelier, M. L., Allen, A. E., Monier, A., McCrow, J. P., Messié, M., Tringe, S. G., Woyke, T., Welsh, R. M., Ishoey, T., Lee, J.-H., Binder, B. J., DuPont, C. L., Latasa, M., Guigand, C., Buck, K. R., Hilton, J., Thiagarajan, M., Caler, E., Read, B., Lasken, R. S., Chavez, F. P., Worden, Alexandra Z., Cuvelier, M. L., Allen, A. E., Monier, A., McCrow, J. P., Messié, M., Tringe, S. G., Woyke, T., Welsh, R. M., Ishoey, T., Lee, J.-H., Binder, B. J., DuPont, C. L., Latasa, M., Guigand, C., Buck, K. R., Hilton, J., Thiagarajan, M., Caler, E., Read, B., Lasken, R. S., Chavez, F. P., and Worden, Alexandra Z.

Abstract

Among eukaryotes, four major phytoplankton lineages are responsible for marine photosynthesis; prymnesiophytes, alveolates, stramenopiles, and prasinophytes. Contributions by individual taxa, however, are not well known, and genomes have been analyzed fromonly the latter two lineages. Tiny "picoplanktonic" members of the prymnesiophyte lineage have long been inferred to be ecologically important but remain poorly characterized. Here, we examine pico-prymnesiophyte evolutionary history and ecology using cultivation-independent methods. 18S rRNA gene analysis showed picoprymnesiophytes belonged to broadly distributed uncultivated taxa. Therefore, we used targeted metagenomics to analyze uncultured pico-prymnesiophytes sorted by flow cytometry from subtropical North Atlantic waters. The data reveal a composite nuclear-encoded gene repertoire with strong green-lineage affiliations, which contrasts with the evolutionary history indicated by the plastid genome. Measured pico-prymnesiophyte growth rates were rapid in this region, resulting in primary production contributions similar to the cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus. On average, pico-prymnesiophytes formed 25 of global picophytoplankton biomass, with differing contributions in five biogeographical provinces spanning tropical to subpolar systems. Elements likely contributing to success include high gene density and genes potentially involved in defense and nutrient uptake. Our findings have implications reaching beyond pico-prymnesiophytes, to the prasinophytes and stramenopiles. For example, prevalence of putative Ni-containing superoxide dismutases (SODs), instead of Fe-containing SODs, seems to be a common adaptation among eukaryotic phytoplankton for reducing Fe quotas in low-Fe modern oceans. Moreover, highly mosaic gene repertoires, although compositionally distinct for each major eukaryotic lineage, now seem to be an underlying facet of successful marine phytoplankton.

Published
2010
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40. An update to the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT version 2)

Author

Bakker, D. C. E., primary, Pfeil, B., additional, Smith, K., additional, Hankin, S., additional, Olsen, A., additional, Alin, S. R., additional, Cosca, C., additional, Harasawa, S., additional, Kozyr, A., additional, Nojiri, Y., additional, O'Brien, K. M., additional, Schuster, U., additional, Telszewski, M., additional, Tilbrook, B., additional, Wada, C., additional, Akl, J., additional, Barbero, L., additional, Bates, N., additional, Boutin, J., additional, Cai, W.-J., additional, Castle, R. D., additional, Chavez, F. P., additional, Chen, L., additional, Chierici, M., additional, Currie, K., additional, de Baar, H. J. W., additional, Evans, W., additional, Feely, R. A., additional, Fransson, A., additional, Gao, Z., additional, Hales, B., additional, Hardman-Mountford, N., additional, Hoppema, M., additional, Huang, W.-J., additional, Hunt, C. W., additional, Huss, B., additional, Ichikawa, T., additional, Johannessen, T., additional, Jones, E. M., additional, Jones, S. D., additional, Jutterström, S., additional, Kitidis, V., additional, Körtzinger, A., additional, Landschtzer, P., additional, Lauvset, S. K., additional, Lefèvre, N., additional, Manke, A. B., additional, Mathis, J. T., additional, Merlivat, L., additional, Metzl, N., additional, Murata, A., additional, Newberger, T., additional, Ono, T., additional, Park, G.-H., additional, Paterson, K., additional, Pierrot, D., additional, Ríos, A. F., additional, Sabine, C. L., additional, Saito, S., additional, Salisbury, J., additional, Sarma, V. V. S. S., additional, Schlitzer, R., additional, Sieger, R., additional, Skjelvan, I., additional, Steinhoff, T., additional, Sullivan, K., additional, Sun, H., additional, Sutton, A. J., additional, Suzuki, T., additional, Sweeney, C., additional, Takahashi, T., additional, Tjiputra, J., additional, Tsurushima, N., additional, van Heuven, S. M. A. C., additional, Vandemark, D., additional, Vlahos, P., additional, Wallace, D. W. R., additional, Wanninkhof, R., additional, and Watson, A. J., additional

Published
2013
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41. Surface Ocean CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Atlas (SOCAT) gridded data products

Author

Sabine, C. L., primary, Hankin, S., additional, Koyuk, H., additional, Bakker, D. C. E., additional, Pfeil, B., additional, Olsen, A., additional, Metzl, N., additional, Kozyr, A., additional, Fassbender, A., additional, Manke, A., additional, Malczyk, J., additional, Akl, J., additional, Alin, S. R., additional, Bellerby, R. G. J., additional, Borges, A., additional, Boutin, J., additional, Brown, P. J., additional, Cai, W.-J., additional, Chavez, F. P., additional, Chen, A., additional, Cosca, C., additional, Feely, R. A., additional, González-Dávila, M., additional, Goyet, C., additional, Hardman-Mountford, N., additional, Heinze, C., additional, Hoppema, M., additional, Hunt, C. W., additional, Hydes, D., additional, Ishii, M., additional, Johannessen, T., additional, Key, R. M., additional, Körtzinger, A., additional, Landschützer, P., additional, Lauvset, S. K., additional, Lefèvre, N., additional, Lenton, A., additional, Lourantou, A., additional, Merlivat, L., additional, Midorikawa, T., additional, Mintrop, L., additional, Miyazaki, C., additional, Murata, A., additional, Nakadate, A., additional, Nakano, Y., additional, Nakaoka, S., additional, Nojiri, Y., additional, Omar, A. M., additional, Padin, X. A., additional, Park, G.-H., additional, Paterson, K., additional, Perez, F. F., additional, Pierrot, D., additional, Poisson, A., additional, Ríos, A. F., additional, Salisbury, J., additional, Santana-Casiano, J. M., additional, Sarma, V. V. S. S., additional, Schlitzer, R., additional, Schneider, B., additional, Schuster, U., additional, Sieger, R., additional, Skjelvan, I., additional, Steinhoff, T., additional, Suzuki, T., additional, Takahashi, T., additional, Tedesco, K., additional, Telszewski, M., additional, Thomas, H., additional, Tilbrook, B., additional, Vandemark, D., additional, Veness, T., additional, Watson, A. J., additional, Weiss, R., additional, Wong, C. S., additional, and Yoshikawa-Inoue, H., additional

Published
2013
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42. A uniform, quality controlled Surface Ocean CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Atlas (SOCAT)

Author

Pfeil, B., primary, Olsen, A., additional, Bakker, D. C. E., additional, Hankin, S., additional, Koyuk, H., additional, Kozyr, A., additional, Malczyk, J., additional, Manke, A., additional, Metzl, N., additional, Sabine, C. L., additional, Akl, J., additional, Alin, S. R., additional, Bates, N., additional, Bellerby, R. G. J., additional, Borges, A., additional, Boutin, J., additional, Brown, P. J., additional, Cai, W.-J., additional, Chavez, F. P., additional, Chen, A., additional, Cosca, C., additional, Fassbender, A. J., additional, Feely, R. A., additional, González-Dávila, M., additional, Goyet, C., additional, Hales, B., additional, Hardman-Mountford, N., additional, Heinze, C., additional, Hood, M., additional, Hoppema, M., additional, Hunt, C. W., additional, Hydes, D., additional, Ishii, M., additional, Johannessen, T., additional, Jones, S. D., additional, Key, R. M., additional, Körtzinger, A., additional, Landschützer, P., additional, Lauvset, S. K., additional, Lefèvre, N., additional, Lenton, A., additional, Lourantou, A., additional, Merlivat, L., additional, Midorikawa, T., additional, Mintrop, L., additional, Miyazaki, C., additional, Murata, A., additional, Nakadate, A., additional, Nakano, Y., additional, Nakaoka, S., additional, Nojiri, Y., additional, Omar, A. M., additional, Padin, X. A., additional, Park, G.-H., additional, Paterson, K., additional, Perez, F. F., additional, Pierrot, D., additional, Poisson, A., additional, Ríos, A. F., additional, Santana-Casiano, J. M., additional, Salisbury, J., additional, Sarma, V. V. S. S., additional, Schlitzer, R., additional, Schneider, B., additional, Schuster, U., additional, Sieger, R., additional, Skjelvan, I., additional, Steinhoff, T., additional, Suzuki, T., additional, Takahashi, T., additional, Tedesco, K., additional, Telszewski, M., additional, Thomas, H., additional, Tilbrook, B., additional, Tjiputra, J., additional, Vandemark, D., additional, Veness, T., additional, Wanninkhof, R., additional, Watson, A. J., additional, Weiss, R., additional, Wong, C. S., additional, and Yoshikawa-Inoue, H., additional

Published
2013
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44. A uniform, quality controlled Surface Ocean CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Atlas (SOCAT)

Author

Pfeil, B., primary, Olsen, A., additional, Bakker, D. C. E., additional, Hankin, S., additional, Koyuk, H., additional, Kozyr, A., additional, Malczyk, J., additional, Manke, A., additional, Metzl, N., additional, Sabine, C. L., additional, Akl, J., additional, Alin, S. R., additional, Bellerby, R. G. J., additional, Borges, A., additional, Boutin, J., additional, Brown, P. J., additional, Cai, W.-J., additional, Chavez, F. P., additional, Chen, A., additional, Cosca, C., additional, Fassbender, A. J., additional, Feely, R. A., additional, González-Dávila, M., additional, Goyet, C., additional, Hardman-Mountford, N., additional, Heinze, C., additional, Hood, M., additional, Hoppema, M., additional, Hunt, C. W., additional, Hydes, D., additional, Ishii, M., additional, Johannessen, T., additional, Jones, S. D., additional, Key, R. M., additional, Körtzinger, A., additional, Landschützer, P., additional, Lauvset, S. K., additional, Lefèvre, N., additional, Lenton, A., additional, Lourantou, A., additional, Merlivat, L., additional, Midorikawa, T., additional, Mintrop, L., additional, Miyazaki, C., additional, Murata, A., additional, Nakadate, A., additional, Nakano, Y., additional, Nakaoka, S., additional, Nojiri, Y., additional, Omar, A. M., additional, Padin, X. A., additional, Park, G.-H., additional, Paterson, K., additional, Perez, F. F., additional, Pierrot, D., additional, Poisson, A., additional, Ríos, A. F., additional, Santana-Casiano, J. M., additional, Salisbury, J., additional, Sarma, V. V. S. S., additional, Schlitzer, R., additional, Schneider, B., additional, Schuster, U., additional, Sieger, R., additional, Skjelvan, I., additional, Steinhoff, T., additional, Suzuki, T., additional, Takahashi, T., additional, Tedesco, K., additional, Telszewski, M., additional, Thomas, H., additional, Tilbrook, B., additional, Tjiputra, J., additional, Vandemark, D., additional, Veness, T., additional, Wanninkhof, R., additional, Watson, A. J., additional, Weiss, R., additional, Wong, C. S., additional, and Yoshikawa-Inoue, H., additional

Published
2012
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45. Surface Ocean CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Atlas (SOCAT) gridded data products

Author

Sabine, C. L., primary, Hankin, S., additional, Koyuk, H., additional, Bakker, D. C. E., additional, Pfeil, B., additional, Olsen, A., additional, Metzl, N., additional, Kozyr, A., additional, Fassbender, A., additional, Manke, A., additional, Malczyk, J., additional, Akl, J., additional, Alin, S. R., additional, Bellerby, R. G. J., additional, Borges, A., additional, Boutin, J., additional, Brown, P. J., additional, Cai, W.-J., additional, Chavez, F. P., additional, Chen, A., additional, Cosca, C., additional, Feely, R. A., additional, González-Dávila, M., additional, Goyet, C., additional, Hardman-Mountford, N., additional, Heinze, C., additional, Hoppema, M., additional, Hunt, C. W., additional, Hydes, D., additional, Ishii, M., additional, Johannessen, T., additional, Key, R. M., additional, Körtzinger, A., additional, Landschützer, P., additional, Lauvset, S. K., additional, Lefèvre, N., additional, Lenton, A., additional, Lourantou, A., additional, Merlivat, L., additional, Midorikawa, T., additional, Mintrop, L., additional, Miyazaki, C., additional, Murata, A., additional, Nakadate, A., additional, Nakano, Y., additional, Nakaoka, S., additional, Nojiri, Y., additional, Omar, A. M., additional, Padin, X. A., additional, Park, G.-H., additional, Paterson, K., additional, Perez, F. F., additional, Pierrot, D., additional, Poisson, A., additional, Ríos, A. F., additional, Salisbury, J., additional, Santana-Casiano, J. M., additional, Sarma, V. V. S. S., additional, Schlitzer, R., additional, Schneider, B., additional, Schuster, U., additional, Sieger, R., additional, Skjelvan, I., additional, Steinhoff, T., additional, Suzuki, T., additional, Takahashi, T., additional, Tedesco, K., additional, Telszewski, M., additional, Thomas, H., additional, Tilbrook, B., additional, Vandemark, D., additional, Veness, T., additional, Watson, A. J., additional, Weiss, R., additional, Wong, C. S., additional, and Yoshikawa-Inoue, H., additional

Published
2012
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48. Two models for absorption by coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM)

Author

Schwarz, Jill Nicola, Kowalczuk, P., Kaczmarek, S., Cota, G. F., Mitchell, B. G., Kahru, M., Chavez, F. P., Cunningham, A., McKee, D., Gege, P., Kishino, M., Phinney, D., Raine, R., Schwarz, Jill Nicola, Kowalczuk, P., Kaczmarek, S., Cota, G. F., Mitchell, B. G., Kahru, M., Chavez, F. P., Cunningham, A., McKee, D., Gege, P., Kishino, M., Phinney, D., and Raine, R.

Published
2002

50. Seawater sampling by an autonomous underwater vehicle: 'Gulper' sample validation for nitrate, chlorophyll, phytoplankton, and primary production.

Author

Pennington, J. T., Blum, M., and Chavez, F. P.

Subjects
SEA water analysis, AUTONOMOUS underwater vehicles, NITRATE analysis, CHLOROPHYLL analysis, PHYTOPLANKTON, PRIMARY productivity (Biology)
Abstract

The effort and expense associated with sample and data collections for long oceanographic time series are, in part, driving the development of autonomous platforms, sensors and sample collectors. Here we validate basic oceanographic samples collected by an autonomous underwater vehicle with water sampler (AUV with 'Gulper') by comparison with samples collected by a standard collection device, the conductivity-temperature-depth rosette with Niskin bottles. After elimination of a toxic material, 'on-deck' and field comparisons show that Gulpers and Niskin bottles collect comparable nitrate, chlorophyll, phytoplankton species and 14C-based primary production (PP) samples and data. Gulper materials and lubricants, Gulper firing, field presence of the possibly toxic submarine, and the pressure and temperature cycling associated with the submarine's depth undulations all appear unimportant. However, 24 h sample hold periods for live samples within the Gulpers, as is necessary during many AUV deployments, appears to depress nitrate, chlorophyll and PP values somewhat (4-16%). While challenges remain, demonstration that the AUV and sampler can collect fundamental oceanographic samples is a critical step toward the broader use of such autonomous platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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