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1. Early-pregnancy plasma per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) concentrations and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in the Project Viva cohort.

Author

Preston, Emma V, Hivert, Marie-France, Fleisch, Abby F, Calafat, Antonia M, Sagiv, Sharon K, Perng, Wei, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L, Chavarro, Jorge E, Oken, Emily, Zota, Ami R, and James-Todd, Tamarra

Subjects
Humans, Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced, Pre-Eclampsia, Alkanesulfonic Acids, Fluorocarbons, Environmental Pollutants, Bayes Theorem, Pregnancy, Child, Infant, Newborn, Female, Blood pressure, Gestational hypertension, Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, PFAS, Preeclampsia, Hypertension, Cardiovascular, Contraception/Reproduction, Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period, Pediatric, Reproductive health and childbirth, Good Health and Well Being, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

BackgroundHypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), defined here as hypertensive disorders with onset in pregnancy (i.e., gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension), affect up to 10% of pregnancies in the United States and are associated with substantial maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are associated with adverse cardiometabolic outcomes during pregnancy, but associations between PFAS and HDP are inconsistent and joint effects of PFAS mixtures have not been evaluated.MethodsWe studied 1,558 pregnant individuals from the Project Viva cohort, recruited during 1999-2002. We quantified concentrations of eight PFAS in plasma samples (median 9.7 weeks of gestation). Using clinical records, we calculated trimester-specific mean systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure and categorized HDP status [no HDP (normotensive & chronic hypertension), gestational hypertension, preeclampsia]. We estimated associations of individual PFAS with HDP using multinomial logistic regression and estimated associations with blood pressure using linear regression. We used Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and quantile g-computation to assess joint effects of the PFAS mixture on HDP and blood pressure measures.ResultsFour percent of participants developed preeclampsia and 7% developed gestational hypertension. We observed higher odds of gestational hypertension, but not preeclampsia, per doubling of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) [OR = 1.51 (95% confidence interval: 1.12, 2.03)], perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) [OR = 1.38 (1.04, 1.82)], and perfluorohexane sulfonate [OR = 1.28 (1.06, 1.54)] concentrations. We observed higher mean DBP per doubling of PFOA [2nd trimester (T2): 0.39 mmHg (-0.01, 0.78); 3rd trimester (T3): 0.56 mmHg (0.14, 0.98)] and PFOS [T2: 0.46 mmHg (0.11, 0.82); T3: 0.43 mmHg (0.05, 0.80)]. The PFAS mixture was positively associated with odds of gestational hypertension [75th vs. 50th percentile: OR = 1.14 (95% credible interval:1.03, 1.25), BKMR] and mean DBP [T2 = 0.17 mmHg (-0.06, 0.40); T3 = 0.22 mmHg (-0.03, 0.48), BKMR].ConclusionsThese findings suggest that exposure to certain PFAS may increase the odds of gestational hypertension during pregnancy, with potential implications for subsequent maternal and child health outcomes.

Published
2022

5. Prenatal exposure to pesticide residues in the diet in association with child autism‐related traits: Results from the EARLI study

Author

Joyce, Emily E, Chavarro, Jorge E, Rando, Juliette, Song, Ashley Y, Croen, Lisa A, Fallin, M Daniele, Hertz‐Picciotto, Irva, Schmidt, Rebecca J, Volk, Heather, Newschaffer, Craig J, and Lyall, Kristen

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Mental Health, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), Behavioral and Social Science, Brain Disorders, Prevention, Pediatric, Nutrition, Clinical Research, Autism, Aetiology, 2.3 Psychological, social and economic factors, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Autistic Disorder, Child, Child, Preschool, Diet, Female, Humans, Mothers, Pesticide Residues, Pesticides, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, autism spectrum disorder, autism-related traits, fruit, pesticide residues, prenatal diet, vegetables, Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Psychology, Developmental & Child Psychology, Applied and developmental psychology, Clinical and health psychology
Abstract

Prior work has suggested associations between prenatal exposure to several classes of pesticides and child autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We examined a previously developed pesticide residue burden score (PRBS) and intake of high pesticide residue foods in association with ASD-related traits. Participants were drawn from the Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation (EARLI) (n = 256), a cohort following mothers who previously had a child with ASD through a subsequent pregnancy and that child's development. ASD-related traits were captured according to total Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) scores at age 3 (mean raw total SRS score = 35.8). Dietary intake was assessed through a food frequency questionnaire collected during pregnancy. We also incorporated organic intake and fatty foods in modified versions of the PRBS. Associations between high-residue fruit and vegetable intake, the overall PRBS and modified versions of it, and SRS scores were assessed using multivariable linear regression. Overall, we did not observe associations between pesticide residues in foods and ASD-related outcomes, and modified versions of the PRBS yielded similar findings. However, reductions in ASD-related traits were observed with higher overall fruit and vegetable intake (adjusted estimates for Q4 vs. Q1: β -12.76, 95%CI -27.8, 2.3). Thus, findings from this high familial probability cohort did not suggest relationships between pesticide residues in the diet according to the PRBS and ASD-related traits. Beneficial effects of fruit and vegetable intake may influence these relationships. Future work should consider fruit and vegetable intake in association with ASD-related outcomes. LAY SUMMARY: Diet is the main source of exposure to most pesticides in use today. In this study, we examined the relationship between pesticide exposure from residues in the diet during pregnancy and child autism-related traits. We found that these pesticide residues from the diet were not related to child autism-related outcomes at age three. However, higher prenatal fruit and vegetable intake was associated with reductions in child autism-related traits.

Published
2022

7. Plasma metabolites of a healthy lifestyle in relation to mortality and longevity: Four prospective US cohort studies

Author

Tessier, Anne-Julie, Wang, Fenglei, Liang, Liming, Wittenbecher, Clemens, Haslam, Danielle E., Eliassen, A. Heather, Tobias, Deirdre K., Li, Jun, Zeleznik, Oana A., Ascherio, Alberto, Sun, Qi, Stampfer, Meir J., Grodstein, Francine, Rexrode, Kathryn M., Manson, JoAnn E., Balasubramanian, Raji, Clish, Clary B., Martínez-González, Miguel A., Chavarro, Jorge E., Hu, Frank B., and Guasch-Ferré, Marta

Published
2024
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8. Maternal Dietary Patterns during Pregnancy and Child Autism-Related Traits: Results from Two US Cohorts

Author

Vecchione, Rachel, Wang, Siwen, Rando, Juliette, Chavarro, Jorge E, Croen, Lisa A, Fallin, M Daniele, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Newschaffer, Craig J, Schmidt, Rebecca J, and Lyall, Kristen

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Autism, Pediatric, Nutrition, Brain Disorders, Prevention, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), Mental Health, Behavioral and Social Science, 2.3 Psychological, social and economic factors, Aetiology, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Autistic Disorder, Child, Diet, Mediterranean, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, United States, dietary patterns, autism spectrum disorders, social responsiveness scale, AHEI-2010, AHEI-P, EDIP, aMED, prudent, western, Food Sciences, Clinical sciences, Nutrition and dietetics, Public health
Abstract

We examined the relationship between maternal intake of established dietary patterns and child autism-related outcomes in two prospective cohorts in the United States. Participants were drawn from the Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation (EARLI, n = 154) and the Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII, n = 727). Dietary information was collected via food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) and used to calculate the empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP), Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), Western and Prudent dietary patterns, and the alternative Mediterranean Diet (aMED) score. Primary analyses examined associations with continuous autism-related traits as measured by the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), and secondary analyses with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis. We used crude and multivariable quantile regression fixed at the 50th percentile to examine associations between quartiles of dietary patterns and SRS scores, and logistic regression to examine associations with ASD diagnosis. There was suggestion of a positive association with the Western diet (Q4 vs. Q1, ß = 11.19, 95% CI: 3.30, 19.90) in EARLI, though the association was attenuated with adjustment for total energy intake, and no clear associations were observed with other dietary patterns and ASD diagnosis or SRS scores. Further work is needed to better understand the role of maternal dietary patterns in ASD and related outcomes.

Published
2022

9. Genome-wide analysis identifies genetic effects on reproductive success and ongoing natural selection at the FADS locus

Author

Mathieson, Iain, Day, Felix R., Barban, Nicola, Tropf, Felix C., Brazel, David M., Vaez, Ahmad, van Zuydam, Natalie, Bitarello, Bárbara D., Gardner, Eugene J., Akimova, Evelina T., Azad, Ajuna, Bergmann, Sven, Bielak, Lawrence F., Boomsma, Dorret I., Bosak, Kristina, Brumat, Marco, Buring, Julie E., Cesarini, David, Chasman, Daniel I., Chavarro, Jorge E., Cocca, Massimiliano, Concas, Maria Pina, Davey Smith, George, Davies, Gail, Deary, Ian J., Esko, Tõnu, Faul, Jessica D., Franco, Oscar, Ganna, Andrea, Gaskins, Audrey J., Gelemanovic, Andrea, de Geus, Eco J. C., Gieger, Christian, Girotto, Giorgia, Gopinath, Bamini, Grabe, Hans Jörgen, Gunderson, Erica P., Hayward, Caroline, He, Chunyan, van Heemst, Diana, Hill, W. David, Hoffmann, Eva R., Homuth, Georg, Hottenga, Jouke Jan, Huang, Hongyang, Hyppӧnen, Elina, Ikram, M. Arfan, Jansen, Rick, Johannesson, Magnus, Kamali, Zoha, Kardia, Sharon L. R., Kavousi, Maryam, Kifley, Annette, Kiiskinen, Tuomo, Kraft, Peter, Kühnel, Brigitte, Langenberg, Claudia, Liew, Gerald, Lind, Penelope A., Luan, Jian’an, Mägi, Reedik, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Mahajan, Anubha, Martin, Nicholas G., Mbarek, Hamdi, McCarthy, Mark I., McMahon, George, Medland, Sarah E., Meitinger, Thomas, Metspalu, Andres, Mihailov, Evelin, Milani, Lili, Missmer, Stacey A., Mitchell, Paul, Møllegaard, Stine, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O., Morgan, Anna, van der Most, Peter J., de Mutsert, Renée, Nauck, Matthias, Nolte, Ilja M., Noordam, Raymond, Penninx, Brenda W. J. H., Peters, Annette, Peyser, Patricia A., Polašek, Ozren, Power, Chris, Pribisalic, Ajka, Redmond, Paul, Rich-Edwards, Janet W., Ridker, Paul M., Rietveld, Cornelius A., Ring, Susan M., Rose, Lynda M., Rueedi, Rico, Shukla, Vallari, Smith, Jennifer A., Stankovic, Stasa, Stefánsson, Kári, Stöckl, Doris, Strauch, Konstantin, Swertz, Morris A., Teumer, Alexander, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Thurik, A. Roy, Timpson, Nicholas J., Turman, Constance, Uitterlinden, André G., Waldenberger, Melanie, Wareham, Nicholas J., Weir, David R., Willemsen, Gonneke, Zhao, Jing Hau, Zhao, Wei, Zhao, Yajie, Snieder, Harold, den Hoed, Marcel, Ong, Ken K., Mills, Melinda C., and Perry, John R. B.

Published
2023
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12. Food, nutrition, and fertility: from soil to fork

Author

Maitin-Shepard, Melissa, Werner, Erika F, Feig, Larry A, Chavarro, Jorge E, Mumford, Sunni L, Wylie, Blair, Rando, Oliver J, Gaskins, Audrey J, Sakkas, Denny, Arora, Manish, Kudesia, Rashmi, Lujan, Marla E, Braun, Joseph, and Mozaffarian, Dariush

Published
2024
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15. Dietary patterns and PFAS plasma concentrations in childhood: Project Viva, USA

Author

Seshasayee, Shravanthi M, Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L, Chavarro, Jorge E, Carwile, Jenny L, Lin, Pi-I D, Calafat, Antonia M, Sagiv, Sharon K, Oken, Emily, and Fleisch, Abby F

Subjects
Public Health, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Health Sciences, Nutrition, Clinical Research, Prevention, Pediatric, Aetiology, 2.3 Psychological, social and economic factors, Cancer, Metabolic and endocrine, Adult, Alkanesulfonic Acids, Animals, Boston, Child, Child, Preschool, Diet, Environmental Pollutants, Fluorocarbons, Humans, Plasma, Perfluoroalkyl substances, Dietary pattern, Reduced rank regression, Childhood, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

BackgroundDiet is thought to account for most adult human exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Children are particularly vulnerable to adverse health effects of PFAS and may have different eating habits than adults. However, studies of dietary patterns and PFAS in children are limited.MethodsWe studied 548 Boston-area children with food frequency questionnaire data (89 food items) in early childhood (median age 3.3 years) and plasma concentrations of 6 PFAS quantified in mid-childhood (median age 7.7 years). We used univariate linear regression to examine associations between each food item and PFAS, accounting for multiple comparisons. We next used reduced rank regression (RRR) to estimate overall percent variation in PFAS explained by diet and identify dietary patterns most correlated with PFAS. All models were adjusted for race/ethnicity, maternal education, and household income.ResultsIn univariate analyses, 2-(N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamide) acetate (MeFOSAA) plasma concentrations were 17.8% (95% CI: 7.2, 29.5) and 17.0% (95% CI: 6.4, 28.7) higher per SD increment in intake of ice cream and soda, respectively. RRR identified 6 dietary patterns that together explained 18% variation in the plasma concentrations of the 6 PFAS, of which 50% was explained by a dietary pattern consisting of primarily packaged foods (including ice cream and soda) and fish. Children with higher intake of the packaged foods and fish dietary pattern had higher plasma concentrations of all PFAS, particularly MeFOSAA and PFOS.ConclusionsOur analysis examined food intake in association with several PFAS in children and identified dietary determinants that may be sources of PFAS exposure or reflect correlated lifestyle or toxicokinetic factors. Further investigation may help inform measures to modify childhood PFAS exposure.

Published
2021

16. Exposure to obesogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals and obesity among youth of Latino or Hispanic origin in the United States and Latin America: A lifecourse perspective

Author

Perng, Wei, Cantoral, Alejandra, Soria‐Contreras, Diana C, Betanzos‐Robledo, Larissa, Kordas, Katarzyna, Liu, Yun, Mora, Ana M, Corvalan, Camila, Pereira, Anita, Cardoso, Marly Augusto, Chavarro, Jorge E, Breton, Carrie V, Meeker, John D, Harley, Kim G, Eskenazi, Brenda, Peterson, Karen E, and Tellez‐Rojo, Martha Maria

Subjects
Public Health, Health Sciences, Pediatric, Behavioral and Social Science, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Prevention, Obesity, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Child, Endocrine Disruptors, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Latin America, Pediatric Obesity, United States, child health, lifecourse epidemiology, obesity, obesogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences, Psychology
Abstract

Following a 2019 workshop led by the Center for Global Health Studies at the Fogarty International Center on the topic of childhood obesity prevention and research synergies transpiring from cross-border collaborations, we convened a group of experts in the United States and Latin America to conduct a narrative review of the epidemiological literature on the role of obesogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the etiology of childhood obesity among Latino youth in the United States and Latin America. In addition to summarizing and synthesizing results from research on this topic published within the last decade, we place the findings within a lifecourse biobehavioral framework to aid in identification of unique exposure-outcome relationships driven by both biological and behavioral research, identify inconsistencies and deficiencies in current literature, and discuss the role of policy regulations, all with the goal of identifying viable avenues for prevention of early life obesity in Latino/Hispanic populations.

Published
2021

26. The COronavirus Pandemic Epidemiology (COPE) Consortium: A Call to Action

Author

Chan, Andrew T, Drew, David A, Nguyen, Long H, Joshi, Amit D, Ma, Wenjie, Guo, Chuan-Guo, Lo, Chun-Han, Mehta, Raaj S, Kwon, Sohee, Sikavi, Daniel R, Magicheva-Gupta, Marina V, Fatehi, Zahra S, Flynn, Jacqueline J, Leonardo, Brianna M, Albert, Christine M, Andreotti, Gabriella, Beane-Freeman, Laura E, Balasubramanian, Bijal A, Brownstein, John S, Bruinsma, Fiona, Cowan, Annie N, Deka, Anusila, Ernst, Michael E, Figueiredo, Jane C, Franks, Paul W, Gardner, Christopher D, Ghobrial, Irene M, Haiman, Christopher A, Hall, Janet E, Deming-Halverson, Sandra L, Kirpach, Brenda, Lacey, James V, Le Marchand, Loïc, Marinac, Catherine R, Martinez, Maria Elena, Milne, Roger L, Murray, Anne M, Nash, Denis, Palmer, Julie R, Patel, Alpa V, Rosenberg, Lynn, Sandler, Dale P, Sharma, Shreela V, Schurman, Shepherd H, Wilkens, Lynne R, Chavarro, Jorge E, Eliassen, A Heather, Hart, Jaime E, Kang, Jae Hee, Koenen, Karestan C, Kubzansky, Laura D, Mucci, Lorelei A, Ourselin, Sebastien, Rich-Edwards, Janet W, Song, Mingyang, Stampfer, Meir J, Steves, Claire J, Willett, Walter C, Wolf, Jonathan, and Spector, Tim

Subjects
Pneumonia & Influenza, Nutrition, Clinical Research, Cancer, Infectious Diseases, Prevention, 2.4 Surveillance and distribution, Aetiology, Good Health and Well Being, Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, Coronavirus Infections, Data Collection, Humans, Models, Biological, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral, Public Health, SARS-CoV-2, Smartphone, Software, United Kingdom, United States, COPE Consortium, Medical and Health Sciences, Epidemiology
Abstract

The rapid pace of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19) pandemic presents challenges to the real-time collection of population-scale data to inform near-term public health needs as well as future investigations. We established the COronavirus Pandemic Epidemiology (COPE) consortium to address this unprecedented crisis on behalf of the epidemiology research community. As a central component of this initiative, we have developed a COVID Symptom Study (previously known as the COVID Symptom Tracker) mobile application as a common data collection tool for epidemiologic cohort studies with active study participants. This mobile application collects information on risk factors, daily symptoms, and outcomes through a user-friendly interface that minimizes participant burden. Combined with our efforts within the general population, data collected from nearly 3 million participants in the United States and United Kingdom are being used to address critical needs in the emergency response, including identifying potential hot spots of disease and clinically actionable risk factors. The linkage of symptom data collected in the app with information and biospecimens already collected in epidemiology cohorts will position us to address key questions related to diet, lifestyle, environmental, and socioeconomic factors on susceptibility to COVID-19, clinical outcomes related to infection, and long-term physical, mental health, and financial sequalae. We call upon additional epidemiology cohorts to join this collective effort to strengthen our impact on the current health crisis and generate a new model for a collaborative and nimble research infrastructure that will lead to more rapid translation of our work for the betterment of public health.

Published
2020

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