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We present an unusual case of ruptured sinus of Valsalva (RSOV) in the right atrium, progressive exertional dyspnea, occasional epigastric heaviness, and palpitations. The examination revealed high-pitch continuous murmur. On transthoracic echocardiography, there was a ~5–6 mm size RSOV of non-coronary sinus into right atrium, continuous turbulent flow, and unusual presentation of severe central aortic regurgitation jet with holodiastolic flow reversal seen in the descending aorta. The sinus of Valsalva aneurysm is a rare pathology, which is generally asymptomatic. In this case it manifested through a rupture into the right atrium and needed to be closed to relieve the symptoms. Transcathter closure of RSOV was done by using Amplatzer duct occluding device, there was no residual shunt, and aortic regurgitation completely disappeared. This is a unique case in which ruptured sinus of Valsalva flow and holodiastolic flow reversal were confused with severe aortic regurgitation. Careful and detailed transthoracic echocardiography played a key role in correct diagnosis and proper management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the regular survey of local brinjal growing field of Tikamgarh, it was observed that brirjal plants have been severely affected from a foot-rot disease caused by Sclerosant rolfsii sacc. It was also observed that the incidence of disease was much more in those areas where dead decaying plant debris and other organic matter accumulated near the plants. When disease plants uprooted and examined closely, it was seen that the basal portion of stem at foot region was infected and became dark brown in colour with superficial rotting. In some cases at collar region of stem on rotting tissues, superficial frosty growth of pathogen was observed which the characteristic symptoms of the pathogen are. In the experimental study the effect of four types of inoculum viz., sand oatmeal inoculum, infested wheat grains inoculum, seclerotia inoculum and mycelial suspension inoculum have been tested and investigated on the development of foot rot disease in sterilized and un-sterilized soil conditions. Sand oatmeal inoculum and infested wheat grains inoculum were proved to be the best as they cause 100% disease development and all the ten inoculated plants were collapsed in sterilized as well as in un-sterilized soil condition. In host range study of Sclerotium rolfsii, seedlings of ten different host species were tested in culture tubes against Sclerotium rolfsii by artificial inoculation method. Out of ten plant species, only five species namely chilli (capsicum annum). Fenugreek (Trigonella foenwn-graeatm). Gram (Cicer arietinam). Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and Wheat (Triticum vuigare) were found to be most susceptible, as degree of highly infection have been recorded in them and these plant species were completely collapsed within 10 days. Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea). Lady's finger (Abehioschus esculentus), Linseed (Linum usitatissimum) and Sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea) were found to be moderately susceptible. Ben (Dolichos lablab) was found to be resistant to some extent against Sclerotium rolfsii as a degree of a poor infection has recorded. It reveals that Sclerotium rolfsii has got a wide host range and the degree of infection differs from host to host. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the regular survey of local Tomato growing field of Tikamgarh, it was observed that most of the Tomato fruits have been suffered by fruit rot disease caused by Alternaria solani. The maximum incidence of fruit rot disease has been observed in ill drained and low lodging fields, where water lodging was common and soil moisture found to be high. It was also noticed that tomato fruits which developed near ground level and came in contact with soil, almost suffered from the disease. In the present study the development of fruit rot disease has been studied on three different types of fruits of various age, i.e., Green, Semi ripe and Ripe Tomato fruits. Among the three types of fruits, the green fruits found to be very less susceptible and have shown some resistant against pathogen Alternaria solani. The semi ripe" fruits have been found to be most susceptive for the pathogen, where as maximum rotting has been recorded in semi ripe fruits. The ripe fruits has been found to be moderately susceptible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) is a common cardiovascular condition whose incidence and prevalence are increasing. Being a common reason for urgent hospital admission, it is a major cause of morbidity and mortality for the patients. In the developed countries coronary artery disease remains the leading cause of HF, whereas, in the underdeveloped countries, rheumatic heart disease leading to valvular lesion still remains the commonest causes of HF admission. The current study was designed to evaluate the clinical proile and medications prescribed reflecting the extent to which evidence based medicine is being practiced at our community. Methods: Clinical profile and prescribed medications of patients with diagnosis of HF who were admitted in the cardiology department of College of Medical Sciences & Teaching Hospital (CMS-TH), Bharatpur, Nepal, April 2010 to May 2012, were analyzed. A total of 255 patients presented with HF during the studied period were included. Results: Coronary artery disease, rheumatic heart disease, dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertensive heart failure, cor-pulmonale, and congenital heart disease leading to HF were found in 93 (36.5%), 65 (25.5%), 37 (14.5%), 22 (8.6%), 31 (12.2%),and 7 (2.7%) patients respectively. The commonest presenting symptom was shortness of breath (81%) and the commonest sign was bilateral basal crepitations (68%). From all patients, 89%, 64%, 51%, 16%, 48%, and 32% received loop diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, digoxin, angiotensin receptor blocker, spironolactone, and beta-blocking agents respectively. Conclusion: Coronary artery disease leading to HF was the commonest cause of HF admission in our centre. Despite current guidelines suggesting the use of beta-blocking agent in patients with HF, only 32% of our patients received this class of medications. Thus, many patients were not being managed fully in accordance with the evidence-based guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronary embolisation, spontaneous coronary artery dissection, and myocardial bridges are rare causes of Myocardial Infarction (MI) in the youth. Here, we report a young male who developed myocardial infarction at the age of 19. Investigations revealed that he had mitral stenosis, myocardial bridge, and angiographic features of healed coronary dissection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]