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Traditional cancer treatments use nonspecific drugs and monoclonal antibodies to target tumor cells. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, however, leverages the immune system's T-cells to recognize and attack tumor cells. T-cells are isolated from patients and modified to target tumor-associated antigens. CAR-T therapy has achieved FDA approval for treating blood cancers like B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, large B-cell lymphoma, and multiple myeloma by targeting CD-19 and B-cell maturation antigens. Bi-specific chimeric antigen receptors may contribute to mitigating tumor antigen escape, but their efficacy could be limited in cases where certain tumor cells do not express the targeted antigens. Despite success in blood cancers, CAR-T technology faces challenges in solid tumors, including lack of reliable tumor-associated antigens, hypoxic cores, immunosuppressive tumor environments, enhanced reactive oxygen species, and decreased T-cell infiltration. To overcome these challenges, current research aims to identify reliable tumor-associated antigens and develop cost-effective, tumor microenvironment-specific CAR-T cells. This review covers the evolution of CAR-T therapy against various tumors, including hematological and solid tumors, highlights challenges faced by CAR-T cell therapy, and suggests strategies to overcome these obstacles, such as utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing and artificial intelligence to optimize clinical-grade CAR-T cells.

This exploration of paper presents an investigation of the Forest Region Inclusion Dataset that gives data on the backwoods inclusion of different nations overall from 1990 to 2020. The dataset contains country-wise information on population, population density, population development rate, total population rate, and forest region inclusion. We examined this dataset to decide the patterns in woodland region inclusion across various nations and mainlands, as well as the connection among populace and backwoods region inclusion. Our discoveries show that while certain nations have essentially expanded their forest region inclusion, others have encountered a decline. Besides, we found that population density and development rate are adversely related with forest area coverage. Authors have implemented four machine learning algorithms that are Linear Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest and Support Vector Machine on the dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer has emerged as an immedicable and fatal disease all around the world. It ranks as the second most common cause of death worldwide. Cancer is estimated by the WHO to be the cause of 1 in 6 deaths. Many modern cancer treatment methods like chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, catalytic therapy and radiotherapy have been developed, albeit these are restricted, noncurative and generate certain side effects. Therefore, naturopathic medicines are used along with standard treatment procedures as an adjunct to treat cancerous cells without producing any deleterious effects. Due to several bioactive components, Crocus sativus L. (saffron) has been utilized in traditional herbal therapy since ancient times. Anticancer activities of saffron and its ingredients-crocin, crocetin, and safranal are established by several workers in various animal models. This review article has focused on the cancer-preventive and curative properties of saffron and its ingredients in different types of cancers, along with pharmaceutical importance and toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the epidemiology and clinical profile of glaucoma patients in a population-based sample. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 111 participants from a population-based sample. Demographic data, chief complaints, comorbidities, refractive errors, and intraocular pressure were recorded. Types of glaucoma were classified as primary or secondary and open angle or angle closure. Results: The mean age of participants was 59.6 years (SD 10.7), with the majority belonging to the 55-64 years age group (40.5%). Diminished vision was the most common chief complaint (91.8%), with myopia being the most common refractive error (39.6%). Hypertension (41.4%) was the most prevalent comorbidity, and primary open-angle glaucoma (63.1%) was the most common type of glaucoma. Myopia was significantly more prevalent in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma than in those with primary angle closure glaucoma (p<0.05). Conclusion: Glaucoma patients in the study population were predominantly middle-aged with diminished vision as the most common complaint. Hypertension was the most prevalent comorbidity, and primary open-angle glaucoma was the most common type of glaucoma. Myopia was significantly associated with primary open-angle glaucoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Senile cataract has been documented to be the most significant cause of bilateral blindness in India. Cataract Extraction constitutes the largest workload in ophthalmic units in India. Cataract is responsible for 62.4% of blindness in India and the prevalence of blindness due to cataract is 5.3% [1]. Such a high prevalence of cataract is due to absence of effective eye health care delivery system, COVID outbreaks resulting in cessation of non-emergency surgeries and relatively poor surgical care. METHODOLOGY: Detailed history including demographics, ocular disease, past medical and surgical history, drug history and personal history and examination was done for all the study participants. An informed written consent was taken from all the patients. The need for the investigations and the procedure to be done was explained to all in detail. The patients have given wilful consent to be a part of the study. RESULTS: The comparison between both groups postoperatively, showed statistically insignificant alteration in cell density of endothelial cells in cornea post operatively. (p value 0.4). The comparison between both groups postoperatively, showed statistically insignificant alteration in Central Corneal Thickness of cornea post operatively. (p value 0.39). CONCLUSION: The results in our study show that manual SICS is as safe for the corneal endothelium as phacoemulsification, is almost as effective, and is much more economical. These factors indicate that SICS can be an alternative to phacoemulsification in areas in which surgeons proficient in phacoemulsification and phaco machines are not available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Ankit. Gupta, Manjul. Tripathi, Alok. Umredkar, Ravi. Chauhan, Vivek. Gupta, Sunil. Gupta Background: Development of cerebral infarcts following clipping of ruptured intracranial aneurysm is one of the major determinants [...]

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the outcomes of pterygium excision with conjunctival autograft using sutures versus a sutureless technique. Methods: This was a prospective, interventional, hospital-based study conducted at a tertiary care center from November 2020 to November 2022. The sample size was 74 participants, divided into two groups by simple random sampling. Group 1 underwent conjunctival autografting with sutures, while group 2 underwent sutureless conjunctival autografting with autologous blood. Data was collected through case record forms and analyzed using statistical methods. Results: The majority of participants (52.7%) had a history of UV light exposure, and most of the pterygiums were grade 2 (86.5%). At week two post-operatively, all patients in the suture group (100%) and 5 patients (13.5%) in the non-suture group experienced foreign body sensation. Severe foreign body sensation was observed in 7 patients in the suture group and none in the non-suture group. The recurrence rate was 5.4% in the suture group and 8.1% in the non-suture group, which was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The sutureless technique for conjunctival autografting in pterygium excision results in less post-operative discomfort and fewer complications compared to the sutured technique. However, there was no significant difference in recurrence rates between the two techniques. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are needed to confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]