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Nano minerals are widely employed in a variety of industries, including agriculture, animal husbandry, and food production. In addition to the potential benefits of employing nano-minerals in livestock nutrition, nanotechnology has the potential to have negative effects on human and animal health. Their numerous applications prompt the development of nanomaterials in the laboratory, which can be accomplished by physical, chemical, or biological approaches. Every method has its own set of advantages and disadvantages. However, chemical procedures are more advantageous since consistent nano-sized particles may be created, but the use of corrosive chemicals is one of the main drawbacks. Nano-minerals in livestock nutrition have shown promise in improving animal performance, nutrient bioavailability, and immune status, as well as improving the quality and composition of animal products while minimizing environmental dangers. In addition to animal feeds, they also change the rumen fermentation pattern. Aside from that, nano-minerals have been shown to improve animal and poultry reproduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immuno-contraceptive vaccinations have emerged as the most promising means of producing long-term infertility in animals. The benefits include being compassionate and being able to reduce overabundant animal populations in a humane manner, as well as having a lower chance of undesirable side effects from overdose than certain hormonal or chemical contraceptive methods. For reproductive control in wild, zoo, farm and domestic animal populations, PZP and GnRH contraceptive vaccines have been widely studied. Single-shot vaccinations that can be given remotely will make significant progress in the field of immune-contraception for animals with possible human applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]