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Cultures globally are man-made survival strategy based on responding to various environmental, ecological, demographical, topographical, geographical, political, social, psychological and economic factors for diversity. The point raised here is if the nature accepts the diversity due to which the living styles, languages, dressing, and other related aspects of aesthetics then why don't human accept socio-cultural diversity. The paper focuses its discussion on medical anthropology. Anthropologists have long been involved in studying the health systems of various societies that they choose for research. The understandings of various cultures and its medical practices helped anthropologists to understand why people prefer to have a unique and indigenous thought patterns as regards health notions and practices. Pakistan being a member of third world brethren still holds its position among the conventional medicalization. National life is divided into various strands of medical belief system and thus practices regarding diagnosis, curing, treatments, rehabilitation. Health bureaucracy blindly follows the Western medical approaches upon which there are intellectual debates internationally to accept the cultural notions in order to improve the global indicators while accepting the local cultures and their interpretations on such vital aspects of man's civilized life. There is a need to reiterate the health policy as well as the brain set of medical care systems to give the cultural perceptions and thus medical anthropology a due role in deciphering the dream into a reality. This paper attempts to educate the readers about the importance of cultural factors in understanding the disease, illness and healing in cultural settings and also to discuss the role of ethno-medicine that has been acknowledged throughout the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pakistan got independence from British Empire in 1947. The idea of liberating from both Hindu-English usurpation was to see the dream of self-governance and self-reliance getting fulfilled. The Muslims after the downfall of Mughal-India were disbanded on behalf of British and Hindus. Muslims of United India were also in a state of entire shock to believe that they are no more the owners of their own fate and destiny. The failure in joint political moves of Hindu-Muslim unity resulted in a separate independence movement for winning liberation. The state of affairs led to struggle for a piece of land to practice the principles of Islam to realize the self-governed development for the citizens of separate state for Muslims of India. Development Vision of Pakistan as perceived by Mr. Jinnah was to bring Pakistan among the global brethren of world to stand firm and to shun the western vision of development. The idea of development of Pakistan was through the Islamic principles based in Islamic notion of `welfare'. The colonial heritage after independence was carried by the bureaucratic and military set up that held the nation to see the actualization of true participatory development in Pakistan. The paper is intended to highlight the initial failures of Development planning and implementation due to over reliance over non-local and alienated development models and policies. The Authors of the paper are striving to advocate the nethssity of revitalizing once traditionally practiced, indigenously conceived, self planned and administered development model for Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper is an attempt to build a case for the revitalization of Indigenous Knowledge System which is intellectual property of a native community that resides in a particular environment and enjoying a friendly ecological interaction with ecological niche. The commercialization of development theory with mere economic terms and statistics has hijacked the integrity of indigenous knowledge and resources. The local populations are under continuous mental stress to produce more and more to earn their living and monetary resources. This paper has a long term vision of refreshing the local knowledge as it discusses the gradual shift in development theory towards giving space for locally based knowledge system as a viable option for launching sustainable development. In fact, all considerable countries of the world are struggling to devise an alternative but sustainable strategy for their livelihoods. In such a case that most of the world's brethren is reviewing their local knowledge systems then why Pakistan lags behind the same. For Pakistan, sustainable development would simply mean non-reliance upon any foreign developmental model. The development that is sprung out of native and local resources both human and natural would call for development not only for the current generation but for the ones to come. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]