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Garlic (Allium sativum L) is the most nutritious bulbous spice and vegetable crop having highest sulphur content and possesses anti-cancerous properties. Keeping in view its utmost importance, morphological characterization was carried out at CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh during 2017-2018 in randomized complete block design, using 25 garlic accessions for different traits viz bulb skin colour, clove skin colour, foliage colour, leaf waxiness, bolting/non-bolting and plant growth habit by following IPGRI morphological descriptors for making them to arrange into different sub-categories. In this review, main focus was primarily aimed at bulb, clove and plant morphological traits because of their economic importance for culinary, medicinal and propagation purposes. The studied traits can act as a base for the formulation of a core group of Indian garlic gene pool which can subsequently be exploited for developing an ideotype in garlic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

У цьому дослідженні порівнюються характеристики газового зондування плівок ZnO та 5% легованих Fe ZnO (Fe-ZnO), синтезованих методом спінового покриття. Рентгенівський аналіз виявив полікристалічну природу спочатку підготовлених плівок, показавши зменшення розміру кристаліту з 25,69 ± 0,95 нм для ZnO до 19,49 ± 0,72 нм для Fe-ZnO. Крім того, введення Fe в ZnO збільшило заборонену зону, при цьому значення змістилися з 3,190 ± 0,105 еВ для ZnO до 3,244 ± 0,147 еВ для Fe-ZnO і зменшили розміри зерен. Зменшення розмірів зерен сприяло збільшенню газової реакції плівки ZnO. Експерименти з зондуванням парів етанолу, проведені в більш широкому діапазоні температур 100-300oC, показують, що найкраща газова реакція плівки Fe-ZnO при 260 oC становить 17,8 ± 0,4, що майже в 1,5 рази більше, ніж у плівки ZnO при тій же температурі. Крім того, варто зазначити, що тонка плівка FeZnO продемонструвала швидшу реакцію та відновлення порівняно з тонкою плівкою ZnO, з часом відгуку та відновлення 32 ± 2 та 162 ± 3 секунди, відповідно, для впливу етанолу 40 ppm. Ці висновки сприяють глибшому розумінню механізмів зондування газу як у тонких плівках ZnO, так і в Fe-ZnO, які є перспективними для майбутніх розробок у технології газових сенсорів. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bishnu Prasad Neupane, Dinesh Chaudhary, Sanjita Paudel, Sangita Timsina, Bipin Chapagain, Nirmala Jamarkattel, Bishnu Raj TiwariSchool of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, Kaski, NepalBackground: Himalayan honey, a natural product of wild honey bees found in the Himalayan mountains of Nepal, has been used in medicine for many years. The successful development of nanotechnology and beneficial effects of honey would bring a new opportunity to synthesize hybrid nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Thus, the purpose of this study was to load Himalayan honey onto iron oxide nanoparticles (IO-NPs) and study their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.Methods: Himalayan honey loaded iron oxide nanoparticles (HHLIO-NPs) were synthesized and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses were performed for characterization. UV-VIS spectra confirmed the loading of honey onto nanoparticles. The antioxidant activity of these nanoparticles was studied against 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical system. We also tested antimicrobial activity of HHLIO-NPs using well diffusion method towards both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains of Staphylococus aureus & Escherichia coli.Results: From XRD analysis, the average particle size was found to be 33–40 nm. The SEM images show needle shape porous structures of HHLIO-NPs compared to free IO-NPs indicating the surfactant-like behaviour of honey. In DPPH radical system, the scavenging activities of Himalayan honey (HH), free IO-NPs and HHLIO-NPs ranged 7.93-35.99%, 11.02-52.02% and 16.10-80.52% respectively, with corresponding IC50 values of 1.36 mg/mL, 1.09 mg/mL and 0.52 mg/mL. The antimicrobial property of all test samples showed a noteworthy inhibition on both bacterial strains. However, the HH and HHLIO-NPs exhibited strong antibacterial activity against E. coli.Conclusion: This work reveals that the biological activity of HH is enhanced significantly after loading into IO-NPs. Thus, the HHLIO-NPs would be a promising alternative for antioxidant and antimicrobial agents.Keywords: honey, biological activities, nanoparticles, cliff bee

The article discusses research which examined the effect of different weather parameters on leaf blast disease severity of pearl millet crop during Kharif seasons in North Gujarat, India in 2018 and 2019. The study recorded and analyzed the correlation of temperature changes, morning relative humidity, evening relative humidity, rainfall and rainy days with date of sowing and blast disease intensity.

Objective: Mucormycosis is a rapidly progressive and fulminant fungal infection mainly affecting the nose and paranasal sinuses and often requiring aggressive surgical debridement, which commonly includes inferior maxillectomy. Conventional inferior maxillectomy involves removal of the bony hard palate and its mucoperiosteum. This can lead to formation of an oroantral fistula and thereby increase the morbidity in these patients leading to prolonged rehabilitation. Subperiosteal inferior maxillectomy involves sparing of the uninvolved mucoperiosteum of the hard palate. This flap is used for closure of the oroantral fistula, which preserves the functional capabilities of the patient, such as speech, mastication and deglutination. Method: This case series describes the experience of using the technique of mucosa-preserving subperiosteal inferior maxillectomy in five patients with mucormycosis. Results: With the technique used in this study, complete oronasal separation was achieved in all six patients. The overall surgery time was also decreased when compared with free tissue transfer. Patients also did not have to bear the weight of prosthesis. Conclusion: Mucoperiosteal palatal flap-preserving subperiosteal inferior maxillectomy is an excellent approach for all patients with mucormycosis and healthy palatal mucosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]