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Background: Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) is the spontaneous rupture of the fetal membranes before the completion of 37 weeks of pregnancy. PPROM is one of the most common complications of pregnancy. It is an important cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. PPROM occurs in 3% of pregnancies. Aims and objectives: The present study was done to identify risk factors associated with PPROM and feto-maternal outcome in PPROM. Methods: The present study was single centered prospective comparative study. A total of 100 patients in each group that is GROUP A - 28 to less than 34 weeks of gestation and GROUP B-34 to 37 weeks of gestation were selected for the study. Study was conducted from April 2019 to March 2020 in the Department of obstetrics and Gynecology, Nil Ratan Sircar medical college and hospitals, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Statistical data were analysed by using Microsoft Excel and SPSS V.20 software. Results: PPROM is mainly seen is in primigravida patients compared to multigravida. My study had 60% primigravida in Group A and 52% in Group B. There were no risk factors found in 74% patient in 28 to less than 34 weeks of gestation and 76% in 34-37 weeks of gestation. Most common risk factors in both groups was history of PPROM in previous pregnancy followed by malpresentation like Breech. Perinatal mortality includes stillbirth and early neonatal death which was 12% in Group A and 2% in Group B. Maternal morbidity was less in both groups. There was no maternal mortality. Chorioamnionitis was seen in 3 patients in Group A. Conclusion: Perinatal morbidity was mainly due to respiratory distress syndrome and prematurity in less than 34 weeks of gestation. Maternal morbidity was also increased mainly in lower gestational age group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate a new surgical method for managing nonhealing neurotrophic ulcers using a novel technique of tucking-in Bowman's membrane lenticule in the ulcer defect., Methods: A total of 22 eyes of 22 patients with neurotrophic ulcers of various etiologies and stages were included and underwent a surgical process where a donor Bowman's membrane lenticule was harvested and fashioned according to the lesion and tucked inside the ulcer after making a recess in anterior one-third of stroma all around 360 degrees. The primary outcomes measured were healing (stable epithelialization at 12 months) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improvement., Results: Twenty-two eyes of 22 patients with neurotrophic ulcers underwent Bowman's membrane lenticule tuck-in procedure. Complete re-epithelialization was achieved in 21 eyes (95.45%). The average healing time was 2.77 ± 0.79 weeks. The mean corneal thickness improved from 267.36 ± 94.56 mm preoperatively to 435.9 ± 47.71 mm at six months postoperatively. The mean BCVA also improved from 0.05 ± 0.07 preoperatively to 0.24 ± 0.24 postoperatively one year. One patient (4.54%) showed recurrence after one month, and the epithelial defect persisted till the end of the study., Conclusion: Donor Bowman's membrane lenticule tuck-in for neurotrophic ulcers is a safe and highly effective treatment and requires minimal instruments and expertise., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology.)

Background: Hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD), also termed as sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), is a lethal complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Various factors put patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT at an increased risk for VOD. Thrombomodulin (TM) is an important factor which has a wide range of effects, including anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, angiogenic, and protective effect, on endothelial cells. It plays a role in preventing excessive coagulation and thrombosis by binding with thrombin and inhibiting the coagulation cascade. There are a limited number of options for the prevention of this fatal complication. Recombinant thrombomodulin (rTM), an endothelial anticoagulant co-factor, as prophylactic therapy might be able to prevent veno-occlusive complications after stem cell transplantation., Methods: A literature search was performed on PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. We used the following Mesh terms and Emtree terms, "Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Diseases" OR "Sinusoidal Obstruction" OR "Stem Cell Transplantations " AND "Thrombomodulin" from the inception of data up to April 1, 2021. The PICO (Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcomes) framework was used for the literature search., Results: For the VOD incidence after HSCTstem cell transplantation, the result was in favor of rTM with a risk ratio (RR) of 0.53 (I 2 = 0%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.32-0.89). The incidence of transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) after HSCT was reduced in rTM group. The RR for incidence of TA-TMA was 0.48 (I 2 = 62%, 95% CI = 0.20-1.17) favoring rTM. The RR for incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) was also lower in rTM group, 0.48 (I 2 = 64%, 95% CI = 0.32-0.72)., Conclusion: In our meta-analysis, we evaluate the efficacy and safety of rTM in the prevention of SOS after HSCT. According to our results, rTM use led to a significant reduction in SOS episodes, TA-TMA, and GvHD after HSCT.