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Background: Pregnancy is characterized by myriad of temporary alteration in endocrine, metabolic, and immunological factors. These alterations result in multiple mucocutaneous manifestations. The various skin changes may be either physiological or changes in preexisting skin diseases, or development of new pregnancy-specific dermatoses. Pregnancy-specific skin dermatoses include atopic eruption of pregnancy (AEP), polymorphic eruption of pregnancy, pemphigoid gestationalis, and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Aims: The aim of the study was to study the frequency and pattern of mucocutaneous manifestations in pregnant women attending the tertiary care hospital. Settings and Design: A descriptive observational study. Subjects and Methods: A total number of 170 pregnant women attending antenatal outpatient department from October 2017 to March 2019 were included in the study. Detailed history, clinical examination, and relevant investigations were done. Patients not willing to give informed consent were only excluded from the study. Results: In this study, 58.23% (99) were primigravida and 41.77% (71) were multigravida. Most of the cases presented during third trimester (73%). In this study among the 170 pregnant women, the incidence of skin changes observed was 790 physiological entities, nonspecific dermatoses of pregnancy were 95, and 42 cases of specific dermatoses of pregnancy. The most common physiological changes noted were pigmentary changes 46.96% out of all physiological changes. All pregnant women showed pigmentary changes. Most common pigmentary change was linea nigra and melasma. Other changes were striae distensae 14.55%, vascular changes 10.37%, mucous membrane changes 5.19%, pruritus 17%, hair changes 1.51%, and nail changes 1.13%. Tinea corporis was most common infection 48.6% out of all infections, followed by candidal vaginitis 10.8%. Acne vulgaris was most common inflammatory disorder seen in 12.35%, followed by urticaria and psoriasis, seen in 7.05% and 1.76%, respectively. Polymorphic eruption of pregnancy and AEP was seen in 14.70% and 10%, respectively. No cases of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and pemphigoid gestationalis were noted. Conclusions: This study brings into focus prevalence of various mucocutaneous changes during pregnancy. Thorough knowledge about pregnancy dermatoses is essential to arrive at a specific diagnosis which is a mandate for counseling and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The spectrum of dermatological manifestations during neonatal period varies from transient self-limiting conditions to serious dermatoses; the latter, fortunately few, are disproportionately stressful to the parents, who due to lack of specialized pediatric dermatology clinics frequently get tossed between a dermatologist and a pediatrician. Objectives: This study was formulated to record cutaneous changes over the fi rst fi ve postnatal days of life and to statistically correlate those changes occurring in ≥ 11 neonates with three (parity, associated illnesses, and mode of delivery) maternal and three (sex, birth weight, and gestational age) neonatal factors. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study at a tertiary care hospital entailed recording detailed dermatological examination of 300 neonates having some (physiological and/or pathological) cutaneous changes and their statistical evaluation using the Chi-square test and signifi cance (P < 0.05) as above. Results: Superfi cial cutaneous desquamation (SCD), Mongolian spots (MS), and erythema toxicum neonatorum (ETN) were the fi rst three common changes among a total of 15 conditions observed overall; these three, as also milia and icterus, revealed statistical signifi cance with both maternal as well as neonatal factors. Lanugo and napkin dermatitis (ND) were statistically signifi cant with respect to two neonatal factors and cradle cap (CC), a single maternal factor. Gestational age was of statistical signifi cance regarding fi ve cutaneous changes, associated maternal illness during pregnancy regarding four, birth weight as well as parity regarding three each, and sex of the neonate as well as mode of delivery regarding two each. Conclusion: Despite observing a statistically signifi cant correlation of eight cutaneous changes with three maternal and/or three neonatal factors, more extensive studies in neonatal dermatology are required for validation of these unique statistical correlations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dyshidrosiform pemphigoid is a rare variant of bullous pemphigoid localized to the hands and feet whose characteristic subepidermal blisters develop as a result of binding of the IgG autoantibodies to intracellular plaque and extracellular face of the hemidesmosome recognizing a 230-kDa plakin molecule (BP230, BPAg1or BPAg1e) and a 180-kDa transmembrane protein. Neurodegenerative processes (viz., stroke, dementia, Parkinsonism, epilepsy, etc) uncover BPAg1-n, an alternatively spliced form of BPAg1-e that stabilizes the cytoskeleton of sensory neurons, generating autoantibodies that may subsequently lead to BP by cross-reacting with BPAg1-e. We present a patient with Parkinsonism who later developed blisters, erosions and crusts localized to the palms and soles, confirmed histopathologically as bullous pemphigoid. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first case report from India wherein Parkinsonism-generated autoantibodies led to the development of dyshidrosiform pemphigoid due to their cross-reactivity with BPAg1-e. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 20-year-old male presented with multiple eruptions on his right leg since birth; these bled and were painful on trivial trauma. Examination revealed dark brown, hyperkeratotic, indurated, verrucous linear plaques with irregular borders. Histopathological evidence of hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, and extensive vascular proliferation in papillary dermis confirmed clinical suspicion of angiokeratoma circumscriptum (AKC). Excision and skin grafting yielded a cosmetically favorable outcome. Angiokeratomas, first described by Mibeli in 1889, are a group of vascular ectasias involving the papillary dermis. Angiokeratomas are more common in males; however, AKC-the rarest of its five variants-exhibits a female preponderance (F:M:3:1). AKC is an extremely rare nevoid disorder, only 100 of its cases having been reported in the world literature until 2006. Herein, we have reported a typical case of AKC in a young male that was previously misdiagnosed, and the patient wrongly counseled about the likelihood of its spontaneous regression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 59-year-ole male with history of concurrent asymptomatic swellings in the left lumbar region and on the right mandible characterized with protuberant mass. It notes that the abdominal swelling began 5 years ago and has progressed gradually in the preceding months after confinement. The patient was diagnosed to have multifocal dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP). Moreover, the case confirms its rare occurrence that is multicentric in origin.

A letter to the editor related to the treatment of large Basal Cell Carcinoma in a 66-year old patient is presented.

Reed's syndrome or familial myomatosis cutis et uteri, an autosomal dominant inherited condition with incomplete penetrance, is characterized by multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas.[1] Uterine leiomyomas usually commence earlier compared to that in the general population and cutaneous leiomyomas may precede, follow or occur concurrently. Few patients may have associated renal cell carcinoma. Herein we report a case of a 50-year-old female with multiple, painful cutaneous leiomyomas and who had undergone hysterectomy owing to large uterine fibroids. Her 18-year-old daughter also has uterine fibroids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A quiz about the case of a 30-year-old male who presented with multiple, non-pruritic hypopigmented papules on his chest is presented.

The article highlights a case involving a rare occurrence of multiple squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) over underlying lichen simplex chronicus in a 37-year-old female who presented with discharging ulcerative growth on her left leg since six months, along with raised itchy thickenings on her legs since four months. It explains that SCC is a tumor that is thought to be caused by chronic cutaneous inflammatory processes leading to the malignant transformation of keratinocytes in the epidermis.

The article examines the role of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA). It is noted that AGA is a hereditary and androgen-dependent progressive thinning of the scalp hair in a defined pattern. It mentions that the dermatological disorder affects more in men and occasionally in women. It states that PRP comes out to be a useful adjuvant in the treatment of AGA.

The article presents a case study of a seven-year-old with tuberous xanthomas.