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This article examines whether bad upbringing (or what is sometimes called a “rotten social background”) affects just or deserved punishment. There are two possible rationales for this claim. First, it may be argued that an offender’s blameworthiness for his choice to offend is reduced if he had a bad upbringing; second, it may be argued that fairness requires us to impose a less severe punitive burden on an offender with a bad upbringing, even if he is no less blameworthy for his crime. The article rejects both of these rationales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The case of a 14-year-old female with ectopic atrial tachycardia who had been followed for a history of anxiety and depression is presented. The patient was admitted to the intensive care unit after she attempted suicide, at which point there was electrocardiographic evidence of the atrial arrhythmia. During subsequent invasive electrophysiology study, a focus near the tricuspid annulus was localized and targeted for ablation, followed by resolution of the psychiatric symptoms. The case highlights the overlap between psychiatric complaints and true cardiac arrhythmia. A review of the literature is presented, with a special emphasis on distinguishing these two entities as well as a synopsis of this uncommon arrhythmia in the pediatric population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Danon disease (DD) is an X‐linked dominant disorder caused by a mutation in the lysosomal‐associated membrane protein‐2 (LAMP‐2) gene coding for the LAMP‐2 protein. We report two cases of successful heart transplantation (HT) in adolescent brothers with DD, including one who was bridged to HT for 34 days with a HeartWare left ventricular assist device. In both patients, the post‐transplant course was complicated by profound skeletal muscle weakness that resolved with corticosteroid withdrawal. These cases highlight that both HT and ventricular assist device support are feasible in patients with DD. Corticosteroid use may exacerbate skeletal myopathy, and therefore, steroid minimization may be warranted whenever possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are heterogenous lymphoproliferative disorders that develop in immunosuppressed transplant recipients. We performed a retrospective review of PTLD occurring in pediatric heart transplant recipients and sought to determine the correlation of PTLD subtypes with different characteristics. Our single institution retrospective study found that compared to older children, infant heart transplant recipients were less likely to develop PTLD. Infant heart transplant recipients who developed PTLD were diagnosed later than older children and had a lower rate of more aggressive PTLD. The overall survival of patients with more aggressive PTLD was significantly lower than patients with low-grade PTLD. Proper classification of the type of PTLD is important, as the subtypes of PTLD showed a significant correlation with the outcome. Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are heterogenous lymphoproliferative disorders that develop as a consequence of immunosuppression in transplant recipients. We sought to determine if subtypes of PTLD correlated with different outcomes. We performed a retrospective review of PTLD occurring in pediatric heart transplant recipients. A total of 558 children and infants underwent cardiac transplantation at our institution between 1985 and 2019 and were followed until March 2021. Forty-nine of 558 patients developed PTLD (8.8%). As compared to older children (>one year of age), infant recipients (