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Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-npx-10.1177_1934578X231168481 for Volatile Components and Biological Activities of n-Hexane Extract From Rhizomes of Homalomena cochinchinensis by Linh Thuy Khanh Nguyen, Phu Quynh Dinh Nguyen, Nghia Ai Thi Doan, Chau Bao Hoai Nguyen, Tuan Quoc Doan, Linh Thuy Thi Tran, Hoai Thi Nguyen and Duc Viet Ho in Natural Product Communications

Additional file 1.

The present study provides the first information on the chemical composition and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of the essential oil (EO) from the leaves of Mitrephora poilanei Weeras. & R.M.K.Saunders from Vietnam. Gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the main components of the M. poilanei EO were β-caryophyllene (13.2%), α-humulene (10.5%), germacrene D (8.1%), β-elemene (5.2%) and bicyclogermacrene (5.1%). The anti-acetylcholinesterase assay showed that the EO displayed moderate activity with IC50 value of 31.16 ± 3.06 μg/mL. These findings proposed that the plant can be exploited for its anti-acetylcholinestrate potential.

Objectives: The lack of cognitive assessment tools suitable for people with minimal formal education is a barrier to identify cognitive impairment in Vietnam. Our aims were to (i) evaluate the feasibility of conducting the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-B) and Informant Questionnaire On Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) remotely on the Vietnamese older adults, (ii) examine the association between the two tests, (iii) identify demographic factors correlated with these tools. Methods: The MoCA-B was adapted from the original English version, and a remote testing procedure was conducted. One hundred seventy-three participants aged 60 and above living in the Vietnamese southern provinces were recruited via an online platform during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: IQCODE results showed that the proportions of rural participants classified as having mild cognitive impairment and dementia were substantially higher than those in urban areas. Levels of education and living areas were associated with IQCODE scores. Education attainment was also the main predictor of MoCA-B scores (30% of variance explained), with an average of 10.5 points difference between those with no formal education and those who attended university. Conclusions: It is feasible to administer the IQCODE and MoCA-B remotely in the Vietnamese older population. Education attainment played a stronger role in predicting MoCA-B scores than IQCODE, suggesting the influence of this factor on MoCA-B scores. Further study is needed to develop socio-culturally appropriate cognitive screening tests for the Vietnamese population.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-npx-10.1177_1934578X231175263 for Phytochemical Composition and Bioactivities of Essential Oils from Rhizomes of Homalomena pendula and Homalomena cochinchinensis by Linh Thuy Khanh Nguyen, Tuan Quoc Doan and Phu Quynh Dinh Nguyen, Chau Bao Hoai Nguyen, Linh Thuy Thi Tran, Thi Van Anh Tran, Hoai Thi Nguyen, Duc Viet Ho in Natural Product Communications

Additional file 2.

Illicit drug use causes over half a million deaths worldwide every year. Drugs of abuse are commonly smuggled through customs and border checkpoints and, increasingly, through parcel delivery services. Improved methods for detection of trace drug residues from surfaces are needed. Such methods should be robust, fieldable, sensitive, and capable of detecting a wide range of drugs. In this work, commercially produced paper with a pressure-sensitive adhesive coating was utilized for the collection and analysis of trace drug residues by paper spray mass spectrometry (MS). This modified substrate was used to combine sample collection of drug residues from surfaces with rapid detection using a single paper spray ticket. The all-in-one ticket was used to probe different surfaces commonly encountered in forensic work including clothing, cardboard, glass, concrete, asphalt, and aluminum. A total of 10 drugs (acetyl fentanyl, fentanyl, clonazolam, cocaine, heroin, ketamine, methamphetamine, methylone, U-47700, and XLR-11) were evaluated and found to be detectable in the picogram range using a benchtop mass spectrometer and in the low nanogram range using a portable ion trap MS. The novel approach demonstrates a simple yet effective sampling strategy, allowing for rapid identification from difficult surfaces via paper spray mass spectrometry.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disease that is often under-diagnosed and under-treated in all ages. This is due to differences in morphology, diversity in clinical phenotypes, and differences in diagnosis and treatment of OSA in children and adults, even among individuals of the same age. Therefore, a personalized medicine approach to diagnosis and treatment of OSA is necessary for physicians in clinical practice. In children and adults without serious underlying medical conditions, polysomnography at sleep labs may be an inappropriate and inconvenient testing modality compared to home sleep apnea testing. In addition, the apnea–hypopnea index should not be considered as a single parameter for making treatment decisions. Thus, the treatment of OSA should be personalized and based on individual tolerance to sleep-quality-related parameters measured by the microarousal index, harmful effects of OSA on the cardiovascular system related to severe hypoxia, and patients’ comorbidities. The current treatment options for OSA include lifestyle modification, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, oral appliance, surgery, and other alternative treatments. CPAP therapy has been recommended as a cornerstone treatment for moderate-to-severe OSA in adults. However, not all patients can afford or tolerate CPAP therapy. This narrative review seeks to describe the current concepts and relevant approaches towards personalized management of patients with OSA, according to pathophysiology, cluster analysis of clinical characteristics, adequate combined therapy, and the consideration of patients’ expectations.

Purpose This paper aims to analyze the development of global human resource development (HRD) articles published in journals indexed in the Scopus database since 1960s until present time. Design/methodology/approach A publication collection of 1,905 articles collected from the Scopus database was downloaded and analyzed by using bibliometric techniques available in the VOSviewer and Biblioshiny software. Findings Three different development stages of HRD research have been identified: a seeding stage between 1962 and 1989, a growth stage between 1990 and 2007 and a development stage from 2008 onward. The USA and the UK were the biggest contributors who participated to 30.02% and 12.55% of articles in the collection and received 43.82% and 19.54% of the total number of citations, respectively. Scholars with the most publications and citations are mostly from the USA and the UK, and nine over ten most cited articles having first author’s affiliation located there. Emerald Group is the most popular publishing house, as five over ten most popular journals belong to this publishing house. Originality/value After six decades of development, it is necessary to examine the evolution of HRD research, its characteristics and its intellectual framework as this type of analysis is not yet available in the literature. This study helps scholars better understand this research field, as well as better prepare for future work in HRD.

In this study, we investigated the chemical composition and potential biological properties of essential oils extracted from the rhizomes of two Homalomena species, H. pendula (Blume) Bakh.f. and H. cochinchinensis Engl. Using GC–MS analysis, we found that H. pendula essential oil contains 59 components while H. cochinchinensis essential oil contains 58. Both essential oils were rich in oxygenated monoterpenes, with linalool and terpinen-4-ol being the most prevalent compounds. Additionally, H. cochinchinensis essential oil exhibited moderate anti-inflammatory activity with an IC50 value of 170.81 ± 11.44 µg/mL, whereas H. pendula essential oil showed moderate activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with an IC50 value of 130.65 ± 1.27 µg/mL. This study is the first to report the chemical composition and biological effects of H. pendula essential oil, as well as the anti-inflammatory effects of H. cochinchinensis essential oil.

In this study, we analyzed the volatile constituents of the n-hexane extract from the rhizomes of Homalomena cochinchinensis Engl. by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We also investigated the anti-inflammatory, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory, and cytotoxic activities of this extract. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 25 compounds, of which linalool was the primary component (17.6%). The extract significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced production of nitric oxide in RAW264.7 cells (IC50 = 21.08 ± 1.80 µg/mL); displayed weak cytotoxic activity against SK-LU-1, HepG2, and MCF7 cancer cell lines (IC50 values ranged from 154.60 to 184.25 µg/mL); and exhibited a weak capacity for AChE inhibition (IC50 = 131.10 ± 9.76 µg/mL). This report is the first to examine the volatile components and biological activities of the n-hexane extract from rhizomes of Homalomena cochinchinensis.

Background: It remains controversial if intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) prior to mechanical thrombectomy (MTE) is superior to MTE alone in patients with acute ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion. We aim to compare functional outcomes, mortality, reperfusion, and intracranial hemorrhage rates in bridging therapy (IVT prior thrombectomy) and MTE alone groups within 6 h from symptom onset. Materials and Methods: Consecutive hospitalized patients (September 2017 and July 2018) with acute large artery occlusion within the anterior cerebral circulation eligible for MTE with or without prior IVT were included. A modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2 was considered as good functional outcome at 90 days. Successful reperfusion was defined as a Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction scale of 2b to 3. Results: Of the 124 patients included, 56 (45.2%) received bridging therapy and 68 (54.8%) received MTE alone. Patients receiving bridging therapy were younger (median, 56 vs 63, P = .045) and had shorter onset-to-groin time (median, 270 vs 370 min, P < .001) than those receiving MTE alone. Successful reperfusion rate was significantly greater in the bridging therapy group (87.5% vs 72.1%, P = 0.03). There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in functional independence (bridging 58.9% vs 75.0%, P = 0.07), mortality at 90 days (bridging 14.3% vs 7.4%, P = 0.22), parenchymal hematoma type 2 (bridging 3.6% vs 2.9%, P > .99), and any hemorrhage (bridging 42.3% vs 26.5%, P = 0.07). Conclusion: Compared to MTE alone, bridging therapy with IVT improved the reperfusion rate but not other outcomes. Further clinical trials are needed to confirm our findings.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Paper spray - mass spectrometry (PS-MS) has been developed as a rapid and direct ionization method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of complex samples at trace levels. In this work, different sampling devices for PS-MS were investigated to improve the assay’s simplicity and sensitivity over traditional approaches. In particular, chapter two characterizes an alternate paper substrate to enhance drug detection on surfaces like asphalt, cloth, concrete, aluminum, and glass. Analysis occurs on a single spray ticket coated with pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA), also known as Post-it notes to detect and quantify drug residues. A PS-MS method utilizing PSA paper was developed to detect a mixture of ten drugs off of various surfaces to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative capabilities of the aforementioned substrate. After the method development on a conventional linear ion trap mass spectrometer, the assay was translated for use on a portable mass spectrometer to evaluate the suitability of the pressure-sensitive adhesive paper substrate in the field in chapter three. Chapter four introduces a sampling device combined with a snap-in solid-phase extraction (SPE) column. The new cartridge design not only inherits the functions from the first iteration SPE cartridge, including extraction and preconcentration from complex samples, but also exhibits greater flexibility in volume control and ease of use for on-site sample collection.

These days, ethanol fuel has been widely consumed worldwide to replace gasoline due to its possible environmental and long-term economic advantages. In detail, the ethanol fuel (purity ≥ 99.5 wt%) has been produced by traditional separation processes such as azeotropic distillation or molecular sieve adsorption, which excessively employs energy and capital cost. The pervaporation has already been considered as an effective alternative to conventional methods because of its high separation efficiency and low power consumption. Pervaporation separation of ethanol/water solution using hydrophilic membranes has been extensively studied owing to their superior perm-selectivity. In this present work, the polyvinyl alcohol thin-film composite membrane is prepared by casting a thin crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film on the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) porous substrate. The effect of PVA concentration on the pervaporation performance of the fabricated membrane is studied. The physicochemical properties of the prepared membrane are characterized using FTIR, SEM images, and contact angle measurements. The separation performance in terms of permeation flux and selectivity is simultaneously evaluated through a pervaporation dehydration of ethanol/water mixture of 80/20 wt.% at 60°C. The results show that the increase in PVA concentration leads to the decline in the hydrophilicity and the growth of the thickness and swelling degree of the membrane. Therefore, the selectivity of the membrane is found to improve significantly, while the permeation flux decreased with the PVA concentration ranging from 2.5 to 15 wt.%. Based on the results, the PVA membrane prepared from the 10 wt.% concentration is likely to provide high separation performance.

Instructions are what English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers use in order to draw students’ attention to a task, engage them in the task, run classroom activities, and prompt them to provide a product for the purposes of assessment. The focus of this descriptive, naturalistic, and observational study is to explore how the teachers use written instructions and their subsequent spoken instructions given by the same EFL teachers for the same tasks. The data were gathered from two classroom teaching episodes of two EFL teachers to see how verbal instructions compliment written instructions. An analysis of the features of the EFL teachers’ written instructions and their subsequent spoken instructions reveals that there are many different spoken instruction features used to enhance written instructions. These features result ultimately in the students understanding the task requirements. The findings can be useful for lesson preparation and for raising teachers’ awareness that spoken instructions provide features which enhance students’ understanding of the written instructions for a task.