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An editorial focuses on the critical issue of stockouts of first-line anti-TB drugs within India's Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP). It highlights how these shortages are leading to significant treatment disruptions, increased drug resistance, and potential setbacks in TB control efforts. It calls for improved supply chain management and urgent action to prevent further negative impacts on TB treatment and elimination goals.

Background: The most typical pleural pathology manifestation is still pleural effusion. Despite routine biochemical and cytological examination of the pleural fluid, it can sometimes be challenging to distinguish between tubercular and malignant pleural effusion. Aims- This study aims to assess the value of pleural biopsy in identifying the cause of pleural effusion and correlating it with cytological and biochemical pleural fluid parameters. Methods: thirty consecutive patients of pleural effusion were selected from the out patient and indoor department of a tertiary hospital of central India. Biochemical, cytological and microbiological evaluation of pleural fluid was done in all cases. Those with exudative pleural effusions underwent pleural biopsy. Subsequently, the etiology of effusion was determined. Results: Malignancy was the most common etiology, followed by tuberculosis. Pleural biopsy was done in 30 patients. Malignancy was diagnosed in 13, tuberculosis in 10 and 7 cases were remain undiagnosed, on histopathological examination. Mean value of pleural fluid ADA in malignancy patients is 11.5, whereas in tuberculosis patients its 28.6. Conclusions: In our study, malignancy is more common than tuberculosis. pleural fluid cytology and pleural biopsy can give definite diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tuberculosis is a major public health issue worldwide. Tuberculous lymphadenopathy is the most common kind of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), accounting for 35% of all EPTB cases. Methods: This observational study was carried with the aim of the present study was to study the various clinical presentation of Tuberculous cervical Lymphadenopathy. A pre structured proforma was used to collect base line data, detailed history with clinical examination was done. Results: In our study, 67 patients with tuberculous cervical lymphadenopathy was recruited majority of the study participants belonged to the age group of 11-20 years. 53 patient were recovered while 14 were having residual Lymphadenopathy. Mantoux test was observed to be positive in a 85.1% of patients (n=57,) In 79.1% patients, the consistency of lymph nodes was firm. Nodular swelling was commonly present on the right side. Conclusion: Most extrapulmonary TB affects cervical lymph nodes. FNAC is the simplest lymph node tuberculosis test. Residual lymph nodes after 6 months of anti-TB medication may not indicate recurrence or treatment failure, but they must be distinguished from active TB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yantras are described for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Equipment's are used to extract the different type of foreign bodies causing pain in different parts of thebody. A nadi yantra is a tubular structure, it works as strotragatasalyoudarnartham, rogdarshnartham, aachushanartham and kriyasoukyartham. An endoscopy is a procedure where organs inside your body are looked at using an instrument called an endoscope. It is a long thin flexible tube that has a light and camera at one end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Altered gut flora is associated with the pathogenesis of both intestinal and extra-intestinal disorders. Aetiology of obesity is associated with mechanisms such as short chain fatty acid production, stimulation of hormones, chronic low-grade inflammation, lipoprotein and bile acid metabolism and increased endocannabinoid. Receptor system tone have been suggested to explain the role of gut microbiota of obesity. The Panchakarma (Ayurvedic purification methods) claims the management of metabolic disorders hence this work provides the target specific evidence for the clinical studies. The proposed project is aimed to explore the particular molecular mechanism and, to make this therapy more evidence based. Hence, it was hypothesized that Panchakarma-based intervention such as Virechana Karma (therapeutic purgation) may influence microbiota and help in the management of the obesity. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted to explore the effect of Virechana Karma over the gut flora; therefore, total of 19 patients with Madhyama Koshtha diagnosed with obesity were included and received the intervention. Before and after Virechana, a stool sample was collected and processed for the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus -polymerase chain reaction to find the changes over the facultative aerobic bacteria. Results: It was found that Virechana is effective in the management of the obesity as it helps to reduce colonization of aerobic bacteria. After Virechana and after follow-up also, it showed the correction of the gut flora dysbiosis, thus initiated the weight loss mechanism in the body, resulting in diminution in the signs and symptoms of obesity. Conclusion: Virechana is effective in the management of the obesity due to reduction in the Escherichia coli colonization and is effective over the gut flora dysbiosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a rare case of a 55-yr old patient of pilocytic astrocytoma of the cerebello-pontine angle mimicking a vestibular schwannoma. The tumor protruded into the porus acusticus causing enlargement of the internal auditory meatus, which is quite an unusual feature of glial tumours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]