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Regev (2005) introduced the learning with errors (LWE) problem and showed a quantum reduction from a worst case lattice problem to LWE. Building on the work of Peikert (2009), a classical reduction from the gap shortest vector problem to LWE was obtained by Brakerski et al. (2013). A concrete security analysis of Regev's reduction by Chatterjee et al. (2016) identified a huge tightness gap. The present work performs a concrete analysis of the tightness gap in the classical reduction of Brakerski et al. It turns out that the tightness gap in the Brakerski et al. classical reduction is even larger than the tightness gap in the quantum reduction of Regev. This casts doubts on the implication of the reduction to security assurance of practical cryptosystems.

This report summarizes the present status of neutrino non-standard interactions (NSI). After a brief overview, several aspects of NSIs are discussed, including connection to neutrino mass models, model-building and phenomenology of large NSI with both light and heavy mediators, NSI phenomenology in both short- and long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments, neutrino cross-sections, complementarity of NSI with other low- and high-energy experiments, fits with neutrino oscillation and scattering data, DUNE sensitivity to NSI, effective field theory of NSI, as well as the relevance of NSI to dark matter and cosmology. We also discuss the open questions and interesting future directions that can be pursued by the community at large. This report is based on talks and discussions during the Neutrino Theory Network NSI workshop held at Washington University in St. Louis from May 29-31, 2019 (https://indico.cern.ch/event/812851/), 104 pages; minor revision

In this paper, we introduce some fixed point threorems (such as Chtterjee and extension of Chatterjee) in operators of Hilbert C*-modules, based on a definition of valued operator Hilbert C*-modules normed space. Also We give some examples to clear our definitions

Summary Chatterjee (2021) introduced a simple new rank correlation coefficient that has attracted much attention recently. The coefficient has the unusual appeal that it not only estimates a population quantity first proposed by Dette et al. (2013) that is zero if and only if the underlying pair of random variables is independent, but also is asymptotically normal under independence. This paper compares Chatterjee’s new correlation coefficient with three established rank correlations that also facilitate consistent tests of independence, namely Hoeffding’s $D$, Blum–Kiefer–Rosenblatt’s $R$, and Bergsma–Dassios–Yanagimoto’s $\tau^*$. We compare the computational efficiency of these rank correlation coefficients in light of recent advances, and investigate their power against local rotation and mixture alternatives. Our main results show that Chatterjee’s coefficient is unfortunately rate-suboptimal compared to $D$, $R$ and $\tau^*$. The situation is more subtle for a related earlier estimator of Dette et al. (2013). These results favour $D$, $R$ and $\tau^*$ over Chatterjee’s new correlation coefficient for the purpose of testing independence.

Indrani Chatterjee’s ground-breaking research has shown the centrality of obligation and provision to historical forms of slavery in South Asia, deepening our understanding of slave-using societies beyond the plantation systems that have dominated historiography, as well as historical memory. In this interview, Chatterjee explains why the crucial question in the context of South Asian slavery was: who do you serve and for what purpose? Enslavers were obliged to materially provide for their slaves, in return for the enslaved person’s service, labor and loyalty, creating varied relationships of dependence. By foregrounding the complex set of relationships and obligations in which slaves were enmeshed, Chatterjee seeks to “make people out of laborers.” This has led her to rethink the ways that resistance and agency have been conceptualized in slavery studies and Subaltern Studies, emphasizing the relationships within which a person became an agent. Her research has also deepened our understanding of colonialism and slavery. British colonizers generally ignored slaves’ entitlements to certain labor or taxation exemptions from the state, and colonial revenue-collection made the already-burdened doubly burdened. But in a hetero-temporal colonial context, older ways of identifying and forms of relationships endured. Chatterjee argues that this history of the provision of survival in contexts of enslavement is not “romanticizing,” but rather historicizes multiple forms of violence and shows a fuller, more varied picture of slavery.

The purpose of this paper is to present a potential generalizations of celebrated theorems due to Kannan, Reich, Bianchini and Chatterjee in the set-up of an A-metric space. We unify these well-kno...

Elizabeth Chatterjee and Matthew McCartney, eds. Class and Conflict: Revisiting Pranab Bardhan’s Political Economy of India. Delhi: Oxford University Press. 2019. 299 pages. ₹1,395

Expansion of JEV from its historical rural origin in the Oriental Realm has been evident. Apprehensions were raised by several investigators that the occurrence of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) in the urban areas is a possibility. Creating wetlands, rice farms, and piggeries close to the rural-urban periphery to support the increasing urban population facilitates the migration of mosquitoes, ardeid birds, and pigs in these areas. The presence of vectors (Culex vishnui complex), reservoirs (the ardeid birds), and the amplifying hosts (pigs) together in these urban and peri-urban areas creates highly conducive situations for the JE transmission thus, creating an urban ecotype for JE. Apart from the primary vectors, JEV has been isolated from several species of mosquitoes belonging to different genera. JE antibodies have also been detected in several birds and mammals other than the known reservoirs and amplifying hosts. Such mosquitoes, birds, and mammals might be acting as complementary or maintenance vectors and reservoirs, respectively, which likely can keep the virus circulating perennially in nature. The reported occurrence of JE in urban areas from different geographical locations is decidedly indicative of the reality of the urban JE. It is thus pertinent that an inclusive approach encompassing sustained epidemiological surveillance and monitoring be adopted to formulate season-wise and area-wise strategies to contain JE both in rural and urban areas. How to cite this article:Bhattacharya S, Sinha S, Bose C, Chatterjee P, Tilak R. Urban Japanese Encephalitis: Time for a Reality Check. J Commun Dis 2021; 53(1): 72-77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202112

Partha Chatterjee's distinction between civil society and 'political society' in post-colonial countries has provoked much debate and discussion. This has remained controversial in the current lite...

Partha Chatterjee et al. (Eds.), After the Revolution. New Delhi: Orient Blackswan, 2020, 314pp. (Paperback). ISBN: 978-93-90122-75-2.

Uday, Yanamandra, Revanth Boddu, Suman Pramanik, Kundan Mishra, Rajan Kapoor, Ankur Ahuja, Tathagata Chatterjee, and Satyaranjan Das. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of post-thrombotic syndrome in high-altitude-induced deep vein thrombosis: experience of a single tertiary care center from real-world settings.

Chhanda Chatterjee, The Sikh Minority and the Partition of the Punjab, 1920–1947. New Delhi: Manohar, 2019, 233 pp., ₹1095, ISBN: 9788193779477.

Wilson loop expectations at weak coupling are computed to first order, for four dimensional lattice gauge theories with finite gauge groups which satisfy some mild additional conditions. This continues recent work of Chatterjee, which considered the case of gauge group $\mathbb{Z}_2$. The main steps are (1) reducing the first order computation to a problem of Poisson approximation, and (2) using Stein's method to carry out the Poisson approximation., 72 pages. Added an index of notation. Minor revisions. To appear in Comm. Math. Phys

Upamanayu Chatterjee is born in 1959 at Patna, Bihar. He is one of the original brilliant Indian writers of the modern generation. He is a commanding emergent voice in Indian postcolonial creative writing. He has written a handful of short stories and fictions. His English, August: An Indian story was first published in 1988 and reprinted in 2006. This is one of the significant urban Indian coming-of-age novel. His other novels include The Last Burden (1994), The Mammaries of the Welfare State (2000)- a sequel to The English August, Weight Loss (2006) , and Way to Go (2010)-a sequel to The Last Burden. Keywords: Burden, middle class family, portrays, patriarchy, emotions

Jyotiprasad Chatterjee and Suprio Basu. Left Front and After: Understanding the Dynamics of Poriborton in West Bengal. New Delhi, India: Sage. 2020. 255 pages. ₹1,195. Suman Nath. People-Party-Policy Interplay in India: Micro-dynamics of Everyday Politics in West Bengal, c. 2008–2016. New Delhi, India: Routledge. 2020. 221 pages. ₹995.

Shibashis Chatterjee’s India’s Spatial Imagination of South Asia: Power, Commerce and Community addresses the question of how India imagines and approaches its neighbouring states. The book analyse...

This study is objected to discussing a literature review that challenges and trends of CEO narcissism measurement study in the field of business, management and accounting.The literatures were obtained from search results in the scopus and google scholar database. This research successfully identified and analyzing by using netha analysys of 212 articles during the period 2009-2019 and found 33 articles that discussed CEO’s narcissism in business, management and accounting study. This study found six narcissism measurements used in the fields of business, management and accounting study. Six narcissism measurements are narcissistic personality inventor (NPI), gough adjective check list (ACL), five indicators of narcissism Chatterjee & Hambrick (2007), fifteen indicators of narcissism Rijsenbilt (2011), LinkedIn Aabo & Eriksen (2018) measurement and CEO’s signature size.

The ability to recognize speech that is degraded spectrally is a critical skill for successfully using a cochlear implant (CI). Previous research has shown that toddlers with normal hearing can successfully recognize noise-vocoded words as long as the signal contains at least eight spectral channels [Newman and Chatterjee. (2013). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 133(1), 483–494; Newman, Chatterjee, Morini, and Remez. (2015). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 138(3), EL311–EL317], although they have difficulty with signals that only contain four channels of information. Young children with CIs not only need to match a degraded speech signal to a stored representation (word recognition), but they also need to create new representations (word learning), a task that is likely to be more cognitively demanding. Normal-hearing toddlers aged 34 months were tested on their ability to initially learn (fast-map) new words in noise-vocoded stimuli. While children were successful at fast-mapping new words from 16-channel noise-vocoded stimuli, they failed to do so from 8-channel noise-vocoded speech. The level of degradation imposed by 8-channel vocoding appears sufficient to disrupt fast-mapping in young children. Recent results indicate that only CI patients with high spectral resolution can benefit from more than eight active electrodes. This suggests that for many children with CIs, reduced spectral resolution may limit their acquisition of novel words.

Shibashis Chatterjee, India’s Spatial Imaginations of South Asia: Power, Commerce and Community. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019, pp. 268. ₹995 ISBN 0-19-948988-2

Background: Cardiac memory, also known as the Chatterjee phenomenon, is a poorly understood, under-recognized but important and benign cause of T-wave inversions. After a period of abnormal ventricular activation, such as ventricular pacing, intermittent left bundle branch block or pre-excitation, the heart 'remembers' and mirrors its repolarization in the direction of the previous QRS. It usually manifests as T-wave inversions that can linger up to weeks after the provocative event. Case summary: An 87-year-old man with extensive cardiovascular history and risk factors presented to the emergency department with shortness of breath and chest pain. An ECG taken on admission revealed deep widespread T wave inversions. Serial high sensitive cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) however remained negative (

The article presents a summary of figurative comparisons and eponyms that are used in modern cardiology and functional diagnostics. Links are given to the sources in which these names were first used.There are a lot of great scientists leaving their names in the name of the medical terms they discovered. The contribution of this scientists is reflected: Einthoven, Wilson, Pardee, Cabrera, Chapman, de Winter, Prinzmetal, Bazett and others. Syndromes of Wellens, Brugada, Romano-Ward, Wolff-Parkinson-White, Clerc-Levy-Critesco, Chatterjee and others, and figurative comparisons are briefly described: “cat back”, “death wing”, “bull terrier muzzle”, “torsades de pointes”, “epsilon-wave”, “Salvador Dali’s mustache”, “saw teeth”, “shield and sword”, etc. All the terms given in the article have not only scientific, but also, most important, applied meaning. The article will be useful not only for students of medical universities, residents and graduate students, but also to practical doctors, whom it will help test her knowledge.

Aims of this study Severe acute pancreatitis has been defined recently based on the persistence of organ failure at 48 hours of admission. The bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis (BISAP) score, a simplified scoring system to predict severity of acute pancreatitis, is proposed to be useful in early risk stratification of acute pancreatitis. Our aim was to prospectively compare BISAP score with the already established acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) and modified computed tomography severity index (CTSI) scores in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis. Materials and methods A total of 87 consecutive cases presenting with the first attack of acute pancreatitis were included in the study. Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II and BISAP scores were calculated from the worst parameters in the first 24 hours, and modified CTSI was reported at 48 hours of admission. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted, and predictive accuracy of each score was calculated from the area under the curve. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for each score. Results A total of 20 patients (23%) had severe acute pancreatitis with a total of 11 mortalities (12.64%), 10 of them in the severe acute pancreatitis group. Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II, modified CTSI, and BISAP score all correlated well with each other. Modified CTSI and BISAP score also correlated with duration of hospital stay. Areas under the curve for APACHE II (≥8), modified CTSI (≥8), and BISAP score (≥2) were 0.826, 0.806, and 0.811, respectively, suggesting similar predictive accuracy. Conclusion The BISAP score was similar to APACHE II and modified CTSI in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and NPV. It is much easier to calculate and a useful risk stratification tool. It should be used for early triage and referral to a high dependency unit. How to cite this article Chatterjee R, Parab N, Sajjan B, Nagar VS. Comparison of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, Modified Computed Tomography Severity Index, and Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis Score in Predicting the Severity of Acute Pancreatitis. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(2):99-103.

Using an unobtrusive archival narcissism measure (Chatterjee and Hambrick in Adm Sci Q 52:351–386, 2007; Adm Sci Q 56:202–237, 2011), CEO narcissism has been linked to important strategic issues: overpayment for acquisitions, risk taking, fraud, etc., but measurement unreliability raises important questions about this research. Six studies (N = 791, comprising 5.3% of CEOs in this review) reported Cronbach’s alphas that met minimum standards (.71 ≤ α ≤ .75) along with other reliability results that were often mixed (e.g. poor test–retest reliability and factor analysis results). However, 37 studies (N = 14,165, 94.7% of CEOs) had unacceptable reliability or failed to report any evidence of reliability at all. Out of 43 studies (total N = 14,956 CEOs), 10 studies (N = 3582) obtained unreported (calculated) Cronbach’s α ≤ .58, 10 studies reported no evidence of reliability or indicator correlations, despite using multiple indicators, and 10 studies justified a measure of narcissism by citing Chatterjee and Hambrick’s (2007) work, but actually relied on only a single archival indicator. Recent studies using the unobtrusive archival approach for CEO narcissism have failed to find acceptable reliability, failed to report low reliability, and have engaged in questionable data transformations. In an operational replication study, data collection procedures were carefully followed, but acceptable results were not obtained in three CEO samples. This article concludes by considering implications for CEO narcissism research and recommendations for future research involving unobtrusive measures.

Author(s): Abdallah, MS; Adam, J; Adamczyk, L; Adams, JR; Adkins, JK; Agakishiev, G; Aggarwal, I; Aggarwal, MM; Ahammed, Z; Alekseev, I; Anderson, DM; Aparin, A; Aschenauer, EC; Ashraf, MU; Atetalla, FG; Attri, A; Averichev, GS; Bairathi, V; Baker, W; Ball Cap, JG; Barish, K; Behera, A; Bellwied, R; Bhagat, P; Bhasin, A; Bielcik, J; Bielcikova, J; Bordyuzhin, IG; Brandenburg, JD; Brandin, AV; Bunzarov, I; Butterworth, J; Cai, XZ; Caines, H; De La Barca Sanchez, MC; Cebra, D; Chakaberia, I; Chaloupka, P; Chan, BK; Chang, FH; Chang, Z; Chankova-Bunzarova, N; Chatterjee, A; Chattopadhyay, S; Chen, D; Chen, J; Chen, JH; Chen, X; Chen, Z; Cheng, J; Chevalier, M; Choudhury, S; Christie, W; Chu, X; Crawford, HJ; Csanad, M; Daugherity, M; Dedovich, TG; Deppner, IM; Derevschikov, AA; Dhamija, A; Di Carlo, L; Didenko, L; Dong, X; Drachenberg, JL; Dunlop, JC; Elsey, N; Engelage, J; Eppley, G; Esumi, S; Evdokimov, O; Ewigleben, A; Eyser, O; Fatemi, R; Fawzi, FM; Fazio, S; Federic, P; Fedorisin, J; Feng, CJ; Feng, Y; Filip, P; Finch, E; Fisyak, Y; Francisco, A; Fu, C | Abstract: We present the first inclusive measurements of the invariant and softdrop jet mass in proton-proton collisions at s=200 GeV at STAR. The measurements are fully corrected for detector effects, and reported differentially in both the jet transverse momentum and jet radius parameter. We compare the measurements to established leading-order Monte Carlo event generators and find that STAR-tuned pythia-6 reproduces the data, while LHC tunes of pythia-8 and herwig-7 do not agree with the data, providing further constraints on parameter tuning. Finally, we observe that softdrop grooming, for which the contribution of wide-angle nonperturbative radiation is suppressed, shifts the jet mass distributions into closer agreement with the partonic jet mass as determined by both pythia-8 and a next-to-leading-logarithmic accuracy perturbative QCD calculation. These measurements complement recent LHC measurements in a different kinematic region, as well as establish a baseline for future jet mass measurements in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC.

This study examines the spiritual and ethical fall of man in English, August: An Indian Story, The Last Burden, and Weight Loss of Upamanyu Chatterjee. It aims at the modern man’s shallow mindedness, his meagre understanding of life, vague expression of achievement and success. The protagonists of the novels, Agastya or August, Jamun and Bhola’s plight and turbulence as modern men in terms of lack of spirituality and morals and principles is the focus of the novels. They are the definition of success for the society or for the people around them in today’s rat race. They are the main focus of the novel. August’s weakness about addiction to life killing drugs, women and wavering about having a family and spiritual strength, Jamun’s commitment phobia and Bhola’s perversion are portrayed brilliantly by Chatterjee. Chatterjee’s heroes represent the Indian youth who are alienated from their own culture and roots. The psychological, cultural, political impact on the young generation and the dilemma of the people who were unable to come out of colonial rule mentally, are the major expressions of this novel. They are half Indian and half western, rootless and frustrated.

In “Public Opinion on Cognitive Enhancement Varies Across Different Situations,” authors Dinh, Humphries, and Chatterjee (2020) use a research design that relies on an overwhelming majority of Whit...

The paper analyzes the results of the main studies that investigated the emancipatory potential found in the political experience of Mahila Aghadi - the women's section of Shiv Sena, an organization of the far-right Hindu nationalist - in the urban area of Mumbai. The context of the Shiv Sena experience and the links between the feminine question and Hindutva (§ 3) are described within the historical and epistemological framework of the Indian postcolonial reality, with particular reference to the category of political society, as it has been presented in the main works of Partha Chatterjee. Secondly, the main works dedicated to Mahila Aghadi are examined, which attempted to express her emancipatory character. Finally, the theoretical limits of its emancipatory potential are pointed out.

This short account is an invited contribution to the Zootaxa special volume ‘Twenty years of Zootaxa.’ Zootaxa was first published on 28 May 2001. Between this date and December 2020, 116 papers were published in Zootaxa that mention Bryozoa, comprising mostly descriptions of new species and higher taxa, but also including molecular sequencing (e.g. Fehlauer-Ale et al. 2011; Taylor et al. 2011; Franjevic et al. 2015), invasive-species research (e.g. Ryland et al. 2014; Vieira et al. 2014), checklists (e.g. Vieira et al. 2008), classification (e.g. Bock & Gordon 2013), bryozoans as associates of other organisms (e.g. Rudman 2007; Chatterjee & Dovgal 2020; Chatterjee et al. 2020), metazoan phylogeny (e.g. Giribet et al. 2013), biographies of historical figures who worked on bryozoans (e.g. Calder & Brinkmann-Voss 2011; Calder 2015) and a catalogue of the fossil invertebrate taxa described by William Gabb (including 67 bryozoan species) (Groves & Squires 2018). Of the 116 papers, 15 (13%) were open-access.

Author(s): Abdallah, MS; Adam, J; Adamczyk, L; Adams, JR; Adkins, JK; Agakishiev, G; Aggarwal, I; Aggarwal, MM; Ahammed, Z; Alekseev, I; Anderson, DM; Aparin, A; Aschenauer, EC; Ashraf, MU; Atetalla, FG; Attri, A; Averichev, GS; Bairathi, V; Baker, W; Ball Cap, JG; Barish, K; Behera, A; Bellwied, R; Bhagat, P; Bhasin, A; Bielcik, J; Bielcikova, J; Bordyuzhin, IG; Brandenburg, JD; Brandin, AV; Bunzarov, I; Butterworth, J; Cai, XZ; Caines, H; Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, M; Cebra, D; Chakaberia, I; Chaloupka, P; Chan, BK; Chang, FH; Chang, Z; Chankova-Bunzarova, N; Chatterjee, A; Chattopadhyay, S; Chen, D; Chen, J; Chen, JH; Chen, X; Chen, Z; Cheng, J; Chevalier, M; Choudhury, S; Christie, W; Chu, X; Crawford, HJ; Csanad, M; Daugherity, M; Dedovich, TG; Deppner, IM; Derevschikov, AA; Dhamija, A; Di Carlo, L; Didenko, L; Dong, X; Drachenberg, JL; Dunlop, JC; Elsey, N; Engelage, J; Eppley, G; Esumi, S; Evdokimov, O; Ewigleben, A; Eyser, O; Fatemi, R; Fawzi, FM; Fazio, S; Federic, P; Fedorisin, J; Feng, CJ; Feng, Y; Filip, P; Finch, E; Fisyak, Y; Francisco, A; Fu, C | Abstract: We report high-precision measurements of the longitudinal double-spin asymmetry, ALL, for midrapidity inclusive jet and dijet production in polarized pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of s=200 GeV. The new inclusive jet data are sensitive to the gluon helicity distribution, Δg(x,Q2), for gluon momentum fractions in the range from x≃0.05 to x≃0.5, while the new dijet data provide further constraints on the x dependence of Δg(x,Q2). The results are in good agreement with previous measurements at s=200 GeV and with recent theoretical evaluations of prior world data. Our new results have better precision and thus strengthen the evidence that Δg(x,Q2) is positive for xg0.05.

Full list of authors: Kocherlakota, Prashant; Rezzolla, Luciano; Falcke, Heino; Fromm, Christian M.; Kramer, Michael; Mizuno, Yosuke; Nathanail, Antonios; Olivares, Héctor; Younsi, Ziri; Akiyama, Kazunori; Alberdi, Antxon; Alef, Walter; Algaba, Juan Carlos; Anantua, Richard; Asada, Keiichi; Azulay, Rebecca; Baczko, Anne-Kathrin; Ball, David; Baloković, Mislav; Barrett, John; Benson, Bradford A.; Bintley, Dan; Blackburn, Lindy; Blundell, Raymond; Boland, Wilfred; Bouman, Katherine L.; Bower, Geoffrey C.; Boyce, Hope; Bremer, Michael; Brinkerink, Christiaan D.; Brissenden, Roger; Britzen, Silke; Broderick, Avery E.; Broguiere, Dominique; Bronzwaer, Thomas; Byun, Do-Young; Carlstrom, John E.; Chael, Andrew; Chan, Chi-kwan; Chatterjee, Shami; Chatterjee, Koushik; Chen, Ming-Tang; Chen, Yongjun; Chesler, Paul M.; Cho, Ilje; Christian, Pierre; Conway, John E.; Cordes, James M.; Crawford, Thomas M.; Crew, Geoffrey B.; Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro; Cui, Yuzhu; Davelaar, Jordy; De Laurentis, Mariafelicia; Deane, Roger; Dempsey, Jessica; Desvignes, Gregory; Doeleman, Sheperd S.; Eatough, Ralph P.; Farah, Joseph; Fish, Vincent L.; Fomalont, Ed; Fraga-Encinas, Raquel; Friberg, Per; Ford, H. Alyson; Fuentes, Antonio; Galison, Peter; Gammie, Charles F.; García, Roberto; Gentaz, Olivier; Georgiev, Boris; Goddi, Ciriaco; Gold, Roman; Gómez, José L.; Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I.; Gu, Minfeng; Gurwell, Mark; Hada, Kazuhiro; Haggard, Daryl; Hecht, Michael H.; Hesper, Ronald; Ho, Luis C.; Ho, Paul; Honma, Mareki; Huang, Chih-Wei L.; Huang, Lei; Hughes, David H.; Ikeda, Shiro; Inoue, Makoto; Issaoun, Sara; James, David J.; Jannuzi, Buell T.; Janssen, Michael; Jeter, Britton; Jiang, Wu; Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra; Johnson, Michael D.; Jorstad, Svetlana; Jung, Taehyun; Karami, Mansour; Karuppusamy, Ramesh; Kawashima, Tomohisa; Keating, Garrett K.; Kettenis, Mark; Kim, Dong-Jin; Kim, Jae-Young; Kim, Jongsoo; Kim, Junhan; Kino, Motoki; Koay, Jun Yi; Kofuji, Yutaro; Koch, Patrick M.; Koyama, Shoko; Kramer, Carsten; Krichbaum, Thomas P.; Kuo, Cheng-Yu; Lauer, Tod R.; Lee, Sang-Sung; Levis, Aviad; Li, Yan-Rong; Li, Zhiyuan; Lindqvist, Michael; Lico, Rocco; Lindahl, Greg; Liu, Jun; Liu, Kuo; Liuzzo, Elisabetta; Lo, Wen-Ping; Lobanov, Andrei P.; Loinard, Laurent; Lonsdale, Colin; Lu, Ru-Sen; MacDonald, Nicholas R.; Mao, Jirong; Marchili, Nicola; Markoff, Sera; Marrone, Daniel P.; Marscher, Alan P.; Martí-Vidal, Iván; Matsushita, Satoki; Matthews, Lynn D.; Medeiros, Lia; Menten, Karl M.; Mizuno, Izumi; Moran, James M.; Moriyama, Kotaro; Moscibrodzka, Monika; Müller, Cornelia; Musoke, Gibwa; Mejías, Alejandro Mus; Nagai, Hiroshi; Nagar, Neil M.; Nakamura, Masanori; Narayan, Ramesh; Narayanan, Gopal; Natarajan, Iniyan; Neilsen, Joseph; Neri, Roberto; Ni, Chunchong; Noutsos, Aristeidis; Nowak, Michael A.; Okino, Hiroki; Ortiz-León, Gisela N.; Oyama, Tomoaki; Özel, Feryal; Palumbo, Daniel C. M.; Park, Jongho; Patel, Nimesh; Pen, Ue-Li; Pesce, Dominic W.; Piétu, Vincent; Plambeck, Richard; PopStefanija, Aleksandar; Porth, Oliver; Pötzl, Felix M.; Prather, Ben; Preciado-López, Jorge A.; Psaltis, Dimitrios; Pu, Hung-Yi; Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh; Rao, Ramprasad; Rawlings, Mark G.; Raymond, Alexander W.; Ricarte, Angelo; Ripperda, Bart; Roelofs, Freek; Rogers, Alan; Ros, Eduardo; Rose, Mel; Roshanineshat, Arash; Rottmann, Helge; Roy, Alan L.; Ruszczyk, Chet; Rygl, Kazi L. J.; Sánchez, Salvador; Sánchez-Arguelles, David; Sasada, Mahito; Savolainen, Tuomas; Schloerb, F. Peter; Schuster, Karl-Friedrich; Shao, Lijing; Shen, Zhiqiang; Small, Des; Sohn, Bong Won; SooHoo, Jason; Sun, He; Tazaki, Fumie; Tetarenko, Alexandra J.; Tiede, Paul; Tilanus, Remo P. J.; Titus, Michael; Toma, Kenji; Torne, Pablo; Trent, Tyler; Traianou, Efthalia; Trippe, Sascha; van Bemmel, Ilse; van Langevelde, Huib Jan; van Rossum, Daniel R.; Wagner, Jan; Ward-Thompson, Derek; Wardle, John; Weintroub, Jonathan; Wex, Norbert; Wharton, Robert; Wielgus, Maciek; Wong, George N.; Wu, Qingwen; Yoon, Doosoo; Young, André; Young, Ken; Yuan, Feng; Yuan, Ye-Fei; Zensus, J. Anton; Zhao, Guang-Yao; Zhao, Shan-Shan; EHT Collaboration.-- This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited., Our understanding of strong gravity near supermassive compact objects has recently improved thanks to the measurements made by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). We use here the M87* shadow size to infer constraints on the physical charges of a large variety of nonrotating or rotating black holes. For example, we show that the quality of the measurements is already sufficient to rule out that M87* is a highly charged dilaton black hole. Similarly, when considering black holes with two physical and independent charges, we are able to exclude considerable regions of the space of parameters for the doubly-charged dilaton and the Sen black holes. © 2021 authors., Support comes the ERC Synergy Grant "BlackHoleCam: Imaging the Event Horizon of Black Holes" (Grant No. 610058). During the completion of this work we have become aware of a related work by S. Volkel et al. [98], which deals with topics that partly overlap with those of this manuscript (i.e., EHT tests of the strong-field regime of GR). The authors of the present paper thank the following organizations and programs: the Academy of Finland (projects No. 274477, No. 284495, No. 312496, No. 315721); the Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung; Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (ANID), Chile via NCN19\_058 (TITANs), and Fondecyt 3190878; an Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship; Allegro, the European ALMA Regional Centre node in the Netherlands, the NL astronomy research network NOVA and the astronomy institutes of the University of Amsterdam, Leiden University and Radboud University; the Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University, through a grant (60477) from the John Templeton Foundation; the China Scholarship Council; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT, Mexico, projects No. U0004246083, No. U0004-259839, No. F0003-272050, No. M0037-279006, No. F0003-281692, No. 104497, No. 275201, No. 263356); the Delaney Family via the Delaney Family John A.Wheeler Chair at Perimeter Institute; Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Académico-Universidad Nacional Autonomade México (DGAPA-UNAM, projects No. IN112417 and No. IN112820); the EACOA Fellowship of the East Asia Core Observatories Association; the European Research Council Synergy Grant "BlackHoleCam: Imaging the Event Horizon of Black Holes" (Grant No. 610058); the Generalitat Valenciana postdoctoral grant APOSTD/2018/177 and GenT Program (project No. CIDEGENT/2018/021); MICINN Research Project No. PID2019-108995GB-C22; the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Grants No. GBMF-3561, No. GBMF-5278); the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) sezione di Napoli, iniziative specifiche TEONGRAV; the International Max Planck Research School for Astronomy and Astrophysics at the Universities of Bonn and Cologne; Joint Princeton/Flatiron and Joint Columbia/Flatiron Postdoctoral Fellowships, research at the Flatiron Institute is supported by the Simons Foundation; the Japanese Government (Monbukagakusho: MEXT) Scholarship; the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Grant-inAid for JSPS Research Fellowship (JP17J08829); the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS, grants No. QYZDJ-SSW-SLH057, No. QYZDJSSW-SYS008, No. ZDBS-LY-SLH011); the Lever-hulme Trust Early Career Research Fellowship; the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG); the Max Planck Partner Group of the MPG and the CAS; the MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI (Grants No. 18KK0090, No. JP18K13594, No. JP18K03656, No. JP18H03721, No. 18K03709, No. 18H01245, No. 25120007); the Malaysian Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) FRGS/1/2019/STG02/UM/02/6; the MIT International Science and Technology Initiatives (MISTI) Funds; the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan (105-2112M-001-025-MY3, 106-2112-M-001-011, 106-2119-M001-027, 107-2119-M-001-017, 107-2119-M-001-020, 107-2119-M-110-005,108-2112-M-001-048, and 1092124-M-001-005); the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, Fermi Guest Investigator grant 80NSSC20K1567 and 80NSSC20K1567, NASA Astrophysics Theory Program Grant No. 80NSSC20K0527, NASA NuSTAR Award No. 80NSSC20K0645, NASA Grant No. NNX17AL82G, and Hubble Fellowship Grant No. HST-HF2-51431.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS5-26555); the National Institute of Natural Sciences (NINS) of Japan; the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grants No. 2016YFA0400704, No. 2016YFA0400702); the National Science Foundation (NSF, Grants No. AST0096454, No. AST-0352953, No. AST-0521233, No. AST-0705062, No. AST-0905844, No. AST0922984, No. AST-1126433, No. AST-1140030, No. DGE-1144085, No. AST-1207704, No. AST1207730, No. AST-1207752, No. MRI-1228509, No. OPP-1248097, No. AST-1310896, No. AST1337663, No. AST-1440254, No. AST-1555365, No. AST-1615796, No. AST-1715061, No. AST1716327, No. AST-1716536, No. OISE-1743747, No. AST-1816420, No. AST-1903847, No. AST1935980, No. AST-2034306); the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 11573051, No. 11633006, No. 11650110427, No. 10625314, No. 11721303, No. 11725312, No. 11933007, No. 11991052, No. 11991053); a fellowship of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2020M671266); the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC, including a Discovery Grant and the NSERC Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarships-Doctoral Program); the National Research Foundation of Korea (the Global PhD Fellowship Grant: grants No. 2014H1A2A1018695, No. NRF2015H1A2A1033752, No. 2015-R1D1A1A01056807, the Korea Research Fellowship Program: NRF2015H1D3A1066561, Basic Research Support Grant No. 2019R1F1A1059721); the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) VICI award (Grant No. 639.043.513) and Spinoza Prize SPI 78-409; the New Scientific Frontiers with Precision Radio Interferometry Fellowship awarded by the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO), which is a facility of the National Research Foundation (NRF), an agency of the Department of Science and Innovation (DSI) of South Africa; the South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Innovation and National Research Foundation; the Onsala Space Observatory (OSO) national infrastructure, for the provisioning of its facilities/observational support (OSO receives funding through the Swedish Research Council under Grant No. 2017-00648) the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics (research at Perimeter Institute is supported by the Government of Canada through the Department of Innovation, Science and Economic Development and by the Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science); the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (grants No. PGC2018-098915-B-C21, No. AYA2016-80889-P; No. PID2019-108995GB-C21, No. PGC2018-098915-BC21); the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the "Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa" award for the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-20170709); the Toray Science Foundation; the Consejeria de Economia, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad, Junta de Andalucia (Grant No. P18-FR-1769), the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (Grant No. 2019AEP112); the U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE) through the Los Alamos National Laboratory (operated by Triad National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the USDOE (Contract No. 89233218CNA000001); the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No.730562 RadioNet; ALMA North America Development Fund; the Academia Sinica; Chandra TM617006X; Chandra award DD7-18089X. This work used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), supported by NSF grant ACI-1548562, and CyVerse, supported by NSF Grants No. DBI-0735191, No. DBI-1265383, and No. DBI-1743442. XSEDE Stampede2 resource at TACC was allocated through TG-AST170024 and TG-AST080026N. XSEDE Jet-Stream resource at PTI and TACC was allocated through AST170028. The simulations were performed in part on the SuperMUC cluster at the LRZ in Garching, on the LOEWE cluster in CSC in Frankfurt, and on the HazelHen cluster at the HLRS inStuttgart. This research was enabled in part by support provided by Compute Ontario [99], Calcul Quebec [100] and Compute Canada [101]. We thank the staff at the participating observatories, correlation centers, and institutions for their enthusiastic support. This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA\#2016.1.01154.V. ALMA is a partnership of the European Southern Observatory (ESO; Europe, representing its member states), NSF, and National Institutes of Natural Sciences of Japan, together with National Research Council (Canada), Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST; Taiwan), Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astro-physics(ASIAA; Taiwan), and Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI; Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, Associated Universities, Inc. (AUI)/NRAO, and the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ). The NRAO is a facility of the NSF operated under cooperative agreement by AUI. This paper has made use of the following APEX data: Project ID T-091.F-00062013. APEX is a collaboration between the Max-PlanckInstitut fur Radioastronomie (Germany), ESO, and the Onsala Space Observatory (Sweden). The SMA is a joint project between the SAO and ASIAA and is funded by the Smithsonian Institution and the Academia Sinica. The JCMT is operated by the East Asian Observatory on behalf of the NAOJ, ASIAA, and KASI, as well as the Ministry of Finance of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the National Key R&D Program (No. 2017YFA0402700) of China. Additional funding support for the JCMT is provided by the Science and Technologies Facility Council (UK) and participating universities in the UK and Canada. The LMT is a project operated by the Instituto Nacional de Astrofisica, Optica y Electronica (Mexico) and the University of Massachusetts at Amherst (USA), with financial support from the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia and the National Science Foundation. The IRAM 30-m telescope on Pico Veleta, Spain is operated by IRAM and supported by CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France), MPG (Max PlanckGesellschaft, Germany) and IGN (Instituto Geografico Nacional, Spain). The SMT is operated by the Arizona Radio Observatory, a part of the Steward Observatory of the University of Arizona, with financial support of operations from the State of Arizona and financial support for instrumentation development from the NSF. The SPT is supported by the National Science Foundation through Grant No. PLR-1248097. Partial support is also provided by the NSF Physics Frontier Center Grant No. PHY1125897 to the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Kavli Foundation and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation grant GBMF 947. The SPT hydrogen maser was provided on loan from the GLT, courtesy of ASIAA. The EHTC has received generous donations of FPGA chips from Xilinx Inc., under the Xilinx University Program. The EHTC has benefited from technology shared under open-source license by the Collaboration for Astronomy Signal Processing and Electronics Research (CASPER). The EHT project is grateful to T4Science and Microsemi for their assistance with Hydrogen Masers. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System. We gratefully acknowledge the support provided by the extended staff of the ALMA, both from the inception of the ALMA Phasing Project through the observational campaigns of 2017 and 2018. We would like to thank A. Deller and W. Brisken for EHT-specific support with the use of DiFX. We acknowledge the significance that Maunakea, where the SMA and JCMT EHT stations are located, has for the indigenous Hawaiian people. Facilities: EHT, ALMA, APEX, IRAM:30 m, JCMT, LMT, SMA, ARO:SMT, SPT. Software: AIPS [102], ParselTongue [103], GNU Parallel [104], eht-imaging [105], Difmap [106], Numpy [107], Scipy [108], Pandas [109], Astropy [110,111], Jupyter [112], Matplotlib [113], THEMIS [114], DMC [115], polsolve [116], GPCAL [117].

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