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2. Bacillus subtilis: a potential growth promoter in weaned pigs in comparison to carbadox.

Author

He, Yijie, Kim, Kwangwook, Kovanda, Lauren, Jinno, Cynthia, Song, Minho, Chase, Jennifer, Li, Xunde, Tan, Bie, and Liu, Yanhong

Subjects
Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences, Animal Production, Biological Sciences, Nutrition, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Rare Diseases, Digestive Diseases, Pediatric, Biotechnology, Complementary and Integrative Health, Infection, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacillus subtilis, Carbadox, Diarrhea, Diet, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli Infections, Feces, Female, Ileum, Intestinal Mucosa, Male, Probiotics, Random Allocation, Swine, Swine Diseases, Weaning, diarrhea, Escherichia coli, gut health, immunity, weaned pigs, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Dairy & Animal Science, Agricultural, veterinary and food sciences, Biological sciences
Abstract

The study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of a probiotic Bacillus subtilis strain on growth performance, diarrhea, systemic immunity, and intestinal health of weaned pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and to compare the efficacy of B. subtilis with that of carbadox. Weaned pigs (n = 48, 6.17 ± 0.36 kg body weight [BW]) were individually housed in disease containment rooms and randomly allotted to one of four dietary treatments: negative control (NC, control diet without E. coli challenge), positive control (PC, control diet with E. coli challenge), and supplementation of 50 mg/kg of carbadox (antibiotic growth promotor [AGP]) or 2.56 × 109 CFU/kg of B. subtilis probiotics (PRO). The experiment lasted for 28 d with 7 d before and 21 d after the first E. coli inoculation. Fecal and blood samples were collected on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 post inoculation (PI) to analyze β-hemolytic coliforms and complete blood cell count, respectively. Diarrhea score was recorded daily for each pig to calculate the frequency of diarrhea. All pigs were euthanized at day 21 PI to collect jejunal and ileal mucosa for gene expression analysis. Pigs in AGP had greater (P < 0.05) BW on days 7, 14, and 21 PI than pigs in PC and PRO groups. Supplementation of PRO enhanced pigs' BW on day 21 PI compared with the PC. Escherichia coli F18 challenge reduced (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency from day 0 to 21 PI, while supplementation of carbadox or PRO enhanced ADG and feed efficiency in E. coli F18-challenged pigs from day 0 to 21 PI. Pigs in AGP and PRO groups had reduced (P < 0.05) frequency of diarrhea throughout the experiment and fecal β-hemolytic coliforms on day 7 PI than pigs in the PC. Pigs in PRO had greater (P < 0.05) gene expression of CLDN1 in jejunal mucosa than pigs in the PC. Supplementation of carbadox or PRO reduced (P < 0.05) the gene expression of IL6 and PTGS2 in ileal mucosa of E. coli-infected pigs compared with pigs in the PC. Pigs in the PRO group had lower (P < 0.05) white blood cell number and neutrophil count, and serum haptoglobin concentration on day 7 PI, and less (P < 0.05) monocyte count on day 14 PI, compared with PC. In conclusion, supplementation of probiotic B. subtilis could enhance disease resistance and promote the growth performance of weaned pigs under disease challenge conditions. The potential mechanisms include but not limited to enhanced gut barrier integrity and local and systemic immune responses of weaned pigs.

Published
2020

3. An Insight Into Surface Topographical Parameters and Bacterial Adhesion: a Case Study of Listeria monocytogenes Scott a Attachment On 304 Stainless Steel

Author

DAS, Jayanti, Chase, Jennifer A, Partyka, Melissa L, Atwill, Edward R, and Linke, Barbara

Subjects
Microbiology, Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences, Biological Sciences, Food Sciences, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Infection, Bacterial Adhesion, Biofilms, Equipment Contamination, Food Contamination, Food Microbiology, Listeria monocytogenes, Stainless Steel, Temperature, Analysis of covariance, Bacterial attachment, Surface roughness, Surface topography, Type 304 stainless steel, Strategic, Defence & Security Studies
Abstract

AbstractBacterial attachment on surfaces is an important biological and industrial concern. Many parameters affect cell attachment behavior, including surface roughness and other topographical features. An understanding of these relationships is critical in the light of recent outbreaks caused by foodborne bacteria. Postharvest packing lines have been identified as a potential source of cross-contamination with pathogens, which can cause subsequent foodborne illness. The objective of this article is to evaluate the influence of surface topographical features on bacterial attachment at various processing temperatures to determine the extent of bacterial colonization. Type 304 stainless steel surfaces and pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes Scott A were used for a detailed investigation. Two commonly used surface types, extruded and ground, were evaluated to determine differences in bacterial attachment on the same type of material. Fifteen surface topography parameters at three processing temperatures were studied to evaluate possible correlations with microbial attachment on these surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and confocal microscopy were used for both qualitative and quantitative analyses of surfaces. An analysis of variance and multivariate regression analysis were used to predict the attachment behavior of L. monocytogenes Scott A on stainless steel surfaces. Surface isotropy, average surface roughness, surface spacing, and processing temperatures were strongly correlated with bacterial attachment on 304 stainless steel material.Highlights

Published
2020

4. Microbiological Contamination of Strawberries from U-Pick Farms in Guangzhou, China

Author

Wei, Xiaohong, Hou, Shuiping, Pan, Xinhong, Xu, Conghui, Li, Juntao, Yu, Hong, Chase, Jennifer, Atwill, Edward R, Li, Xunde, Chen, Kuncai, and Chen, Shouyi

Subjects
Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Pollution and Contamination, Foodborne Illness, Prevention, Digestive Diseases, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vaccine Related, Infectious Diseases, Agricultural Irrigation, Animals, Birds, China, Cryptosporidium, Enterobacteriaceae, Farms, Food Contamination, Food Safety, Fragaria, Giardia, Rodentia, Water Supply, strawberry, E, coli, total coliform, wildlife, water, U-Pick, E. coli, Toxicology
Abstract

This study quantified the association of rodent fruit damage and the microbiological quality of irrigation water on the risk of microbiological contamination of strawberries collected from 18 U-pick farms across five different districts in the Guangzhou metropolitan region of southern China. Fifty-four composite strawberries samples, with or without evidence of rodent or avian foraging damage (i.e., bitten), along with 16 irrigation water samples, were collected during the spring of 2014 and winter of 2015 from our cohort of 18 farms. Composite strawberry samples and irrigation water were analyzed for total coliforms, E. coli, Salmonella, E. coli O157, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium. Total coliforms and E. coli were detected in 100% and ~90% of irrigation water samples, respectively. In contrast, Cryptosporidium was detected in only two water samples, while Salmonella, E. coli O157, and Giardia were not detected in any water samples. Strawberries with signs of being bitten by wildlife had significantly higher concentrations of total coliforms and E. coli, compared to strawberries with no physical evidence of rodent damage (p < 0.001). Similarly, Cryptosporidium was detected in 7/18 (39%) of bitten, 4/18 (22%) of edge, and 5/18 (28%) of central strawberry samples, respectively. Concentration of E. coli on strawberries (p < 0.001), air temperature (p = 0.025), and presence of Cryptosporidium in irrigation water (p < 0.001) were all associated with the risk of Cryptosporidium contamination on strawberries. Salmonella and Giardia were detected in

Published
2019

5. Experimental In-Field Transfer and Survival of Escherichia coli from Animal Feces to Romaine Lettuce in Salinas Valley, California.

Author

Jeamsripong, Saharuetai, Chase, Jennifer A, Jay-Russell, Michele T, Buchanan, Robert L, and Atwill, Edward R

Subjects
E. coli, EHEC, Romaine lettuce, agriculture, food safety, irrigation, microbial contamination, produce
Abstract

This randomized controlled trial characterized the transfer of E. coli from animal feces and/or furrow water onto adjacent heads of lettuce during foliar irrigation, and the subsequent survival of bacteria on the adaxial surface of lettuce leaves. Two experiments were conducted in Salinas Valley, California: (1) to quantify the transfer of indicator E. coli from chicken and rabbit fecal deposits placed in furrows to surrounding lettuce heads on raised beds, and (2) to quantify the survival of inoculated E. coli on Romaine lettuce over 10 days. E. coli was recovered from 97% (174/180) of lettuce heads to a maximal distance of 162.56 cm (5.33 ft) from feces. Distance from sprinklers to feces, cumulative foliar irrigation, and lettuce being located downwind of the fecal deposit were positively associated, while distance from fecal deposit to lettuce was negatively associated with E. coli transference. E. coli exhibited decimal reduction times of 2.2 and 2.5 days when applied on the adaxial surface of leaves within a chicken or rabbit fecal slurry, respectively. Foliar irrigation can transfer E. coli from feces located in a furrow onto adjacent heads of lettuce, likely due to the kinetic energy of irrigation droplets impacting the fecal surface and/or impacting furrow water contaminated with feces, with the magnitude of E. coli enumerated per head of lettuce influenced by the distance between lettuce and the fecal deposit, cumulative application of foliar irrigation, wind aspect of lettuce relative to feces, and time since final irrigation. Extending the time period between foliar irrigation and harvest, along with a 152.4 cm (5 ft) no-harvest buffer zone when animal fecal material is present, may substantially reduce the level of bacterial contamination on harvested lettuce.

Published
2019

6. Microbiological safety of popular recreation swimming sites in Central California

Author

Li, Xunde, Chase, Jennifer A, Bond, Ronald F, Lor, Panachon, Fernandez, Kristine, Nguyen, Trân H, Partyka, Melissa L, Thiptara, Anyarat, and Atwill, Edward R

Subjects
Veterinary Sciences, Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Digestive Diseases, Foodborne Illness, Prevention, Animals, California, Cryptosporidium, Environmental Monitoring, Escherichia coli O157, Giardia, Oocysts, Parks, Recreational, Salmonella, Seasons, Swimming, Water, Water Microbiology, Water Quality, Weather, Swim, Water quality, E, coli, coli O157, E. coli, E. coli O157, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

The objective of the study was to assess the microbiological safety of popular recreational swimming sites in Central California. Water samples were collected from eleven monitoring sites across the lower reaches of two watersheds for two consecutive swimming seasons (2012-2013), and levels of indicator and pathogenic microorganisms were determined. Data on ambient weather and water chemistry were collected for analyzing their associations with microorganisms in water. All water samples were positive for indicator E. coli with mean concentrations per site ranging from 3.07 to 216.11 MPN/100 ml in 2012 and 13.4 to 226.97 MPN/100 ml in 2013. Mean E. coli concentrations in 27% and 36% samplings sites exceeded the EPA 2012 Recreational Water Quality Criteria recommended mean concentration of ≤ 126 CFU/100 ml of E. coli, in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were detected in all water samples from all sampling sites, with an overall prevalence of 50% and mean concentrations of 0.08 oocysts/l in 2012 and 0.19 oocysts/l in 2013. Giardia spp. cysts were detected at eight sites, with an overall prevalence of 28.8% and mean concentration of 0.2 cysts/l in both years. The majority of the detected Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts and Giardia spp. cysts appeared damaged under microscopy. E. coli O157:H7 was detected in 9% of water samples, with positive samples limited to three sites. Salmonella spp. were detected in all but one site across the two years, with mean concentrations of 0.94 MPN/l in 2012 and 1.85 MPN/l in 2013. Cryptosporidium spp. oocyst concentrations were negatively associated with 30-day mean wind speed and cumulative precipitation and dissolved oxygen in water. Giardia spp. cyst concentrations were positively associated with turbidity and pH of water and negatively associated with E. coli concentrations and 24-h mean air temperature. Salmonella spp. concentrations were positively associated with 30-day mean air temperature. The occurrence of E. coli O157:H7 was positively associated with previous 30-day cumulative precipitation.

Published
2019

7. Algae-derived β-glucan enhanced gut health and immune responses of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic E. coli

Author

Kim, Kwangwook, Ehrlich, Amy, Perng, Vivian, Chase, Jennifer A, Raybould, Helen, Li, Xunde, Atwill, Edward R, Whelan, Rose, Sokale, Adebayo, and Liu, Yanhong

Subjects
Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences, Animal Production, Nutrition, Infectious Diseases, Complementary and Integrative Health, Digestive Diseases, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Aetiology, Infection, Algae-derived beta-glucan, Gut barrier function, Gut immunity, Pathogenic E. coli, Weaned pigs, Dairy & Animal Science, Animal production
Abstract

Most of the commercially available β-glucans are derived from yeast, while there are limited research on algae-derived β-glucan in pigs. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to investigate the influence of dietary supplementation of algae-derived β-glucan on diarrhea, gut permeability, and immune responses of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli). Thirty-six weaned pigs (7.69 ± 0.77 kg BW) were individually housed in disease containment rooms and randomly allotted to one of three dietary treatments (n = 12): control diet and 2 additional diets containing either 54 or 108 mg/kg of β-glucan. The experiment lasted 17 d [5 d before and 12 d post inoculation (PI)]. The inoculum used in this experiment was F18 E. coli, containing heat-labile toxin, heat-stable toxin b, and shiga-lie toxin 2. The inoculation doses were 10 10 cfu/3 mL oral dose daily for 3 days. Diarrhea score (1, normal, to 5, watery diarrhea) was recorded for each pig daily to calculate frequency of diarrhea. Blood samples were collected on d 0 before E. coli challenge, and on d 2, 5, 8, and 12 PI to measure total and differential blood cell count in whole blood and several inflammatory markers in serum. Fresh jejunal tissues were collected from 4 pigs in the control group and high dose β-glucan group to analyze gut permeability on d 5 and d 12 PI with Ussing Chamber. Jejunal and ileal mucosa were also collected to measure the mRNA expression of several genes related to gut barrier function and immune responses. Results of this experiment revealed that inclusion of high dose β-glucan reduced (P < 0.05) frequency of diarrhea (29.01% vs. 17.28%) for the entire experimental period. This was likely due to the reduced (P < 0.05) gut permeability and increased (P < 0.05) mRNA expression of gut barrier function genes (Claudin, Occludin, and MUC2) in jejunal mucosa of E. coli challenged pigs as β-glucan supplemented. Supplementation of β-glucan also reduced (P < 0.05) white blood cells, neutrophils, serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α cortisol, and haptoglobin, and down-regulated (P < 0.05) the mRNA expression of several immune genes (IL1B, IL6, and TNFA) in ileal mucosa of E. coli challenged pigs, compared with the control diet. In conclusion, in feed supplementation of algae-derived β-glucan alleviated diarrhea of F18 E. coli infected pigs by enhancing gut integrity. Feeding β-glucan also boosted host immune response against E. coli infection.

Published
2019

8. Environmental inactivation and irrigation-mediated regrowth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on romaine lettuce when inoculated in a fecal slurry matrix

Author

Chase, Jennifer A, Partyka, Melissa L, Bond, Ronald F, and Atwill, Edward R

Subjects
Microbiology, Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences, Biological Sciences, Infection, E. coli O157:H7, Produce, Survival, Romaine lettuce, Slurry, Field trial, Fecal contamination, Food safety, Enumeration, Foliar irrigation, Medical and Health Sciences
Abstract

Field trials were conducted in July-August and October 2012 to quantify the inactivation rate of Escherichia coli O157:H7 when mixed with fecal slurry and applied to romaine lettuce leaves. Lettuce was grown under commercial conditions in Salinas Valley, California. One-half milliliter of rabbit, chicken, or pig fecal slurry, containing an average of 4.05 × 107 CFU E. coli O157:H7 (C0), was inoculated onto the upper (adaxial) surface of a lower leaf on 288 heads of lettuce per trial immediately following a 2.5 h irrigation event. To estimate the bacterial inactivation rate as a function of time, fecal matrix, irrigation and seasonal climate effects, sets of lettuce heads (n = 28) were sampled each day over 10 days and the concentration of E. coli O157:H7 (Ct) determined. E. coli O157:H7 was detected on 100% of heads during the 10-day duration, with concentrations ranging from ≤340 MPN/head (∼5-log reduction) to >3.45 × 1012 MPN/head (∼5-log growth). Relative to C0, on day 10 (Ct = 12) we observed an overall 2.6-log and 3.2-log mean reduction of E. coli O157:H7 in July and October, respectively. However, we observed relative maximum concentrations due to bacterial growth on day 6 (maximum Ct = 8) apparently stimulated by foliar irrigation on day 5. From this maximum there was a mean 5.3-log and 5.1-log reduction by day 10 (Ct = 12) for the July and October trials, respectively. This study provides insight into the inactivation and growth kinetics of E. coli O157:H7 on romaine lettuce leaves under natural field conditions. This study provides evidence that harvesting within 24 h post irrigation has the potential to increase the concentration of E. coli O157:H7 contamination, if present on heads of romaine lettuce; foliar irrigation can temporarily stimulate substantial regrowth of E. coli O157:H7.

Published
2019

9. Association between herd management practices and antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella spp. from cull dairy cattle in Central California.

Author

Pereira, Richard, Williams, Deniece R, Rossitto, Paul, Adaska, John, Okello, Emmanuel, Champagne, John, Lehenbauer, Terry W, Li, Xunde, Chase, Jennifer, Nguyen, Tran, Pires, Alda FA, Atwill, Edward R, and Aly, Sharif S

Subjects
Antimicrobial resistance, Cull cows, Dairy cattle, Salmonella, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Vaccine Related, Prevention, Biodefense, Infectious Diseases, Foodborne Illness, Infection, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences
Abstract

BackgroundIn this study cull dairy cows from six California dairy herds were sampled seasonally over the course of a year. The objectives were to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) Salmonella spp. shed in cull cow feces, and the factors associated with fecal shedding of AMR and multidrug resistant (MDR) Salmonella.MethodsSix dairy farms located in the San Joaquin Valley of California were identified and enrolled as a convenience sample. On each dairy, and once during each of the four seasons, 10 cull cows were randomly selected for fecal sampling on the day of their removal from the herd. In addition, study personnel completed a survey based on responses of the herd manager to questions related to the previous 4 month's herd management and the specific cattle sampled. Fecal samples were submitted to the California Animal Health and Food Safety laboratory for Salmonella isolation. Antimicrobial resistance was evaluated using broth microdilution method and a gram-negative assay plate following Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines and breakpoint references. All statistical models were survey adjusted for number of animals on sampling day.ResultsA total of 62 Salmonella were isolated from 60 of the 239 fecal samples collected. For 12% (95% confidence interval (CI) [3-20]) of fecal samples a multidrug resistant Salmonella was isolated. The survey-weighted results for the two most common drug classes for which isolates were resistant were tetracycline (39%; 95% CI [27-51]) and ampicillin (18%; 95% CI [9-27]). An important finding was the identification of cephalosporin as the third most common drug class for which isolates were resistant, with ceftriaxone (10%; 95% CI [2-17]) being the most common drug associated with resistance in that class. At the cow-level, reason for culling, prior treatment with antimicrobial drugs as the reason for culling was associated with higher odds of isolating an AMR Salmonella isolate. At the herd-level, percent of animals monthly culled on the farm as well as number of milking cows in the herd were associated with isolation of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella in cull cows.DiscussionSalmonella isolated from fecal samples from cull cows were resistant to important antimicrobials, such as ceftriaxone. The most common drug classes for which isolates were resistant were tetracyclines and beta-lactams, with ampicillin, ceftriaxone and ceftiofur being the three most common drugs within the latter. Cow and herd level factors were associated with isolating antimicrobial resistant Salmonella that should be further investigated for their potential role in promoting occurrence of AMR Salmonella. Our results also highlight the importance of monitoring dairy cattle sent to slaughter for shedding of Salmonella resistant to medically important antimicrobial drugs.

Published
2019

10. Spatiotemporal Variability in Microbial Quality of Western US Agricultural Water Supplies: A Multistate Study

Author

Partyka, Melissa L, Bond, Ronald F, Chase, Jennifer A, and Atwill, Edward R

Subjects
Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Infectious Diseases, Infection, Zero Hunger, Agriculture, California, Feces, Food Microbiology, Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli, Water Quality, Water Supply, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Agronomy & Agriculture, Biological sciences, Earth sciences, Environmental sciences
Abstract

In 2011, the US Congress passed the Food Safety Modernization Act, which tasks the US Food and Drug Administration to establish microbiological standards for agricultural water. However, little data are available for the microbiological quality of surface water irrigation supplies. During the 2015 irrigation season, we conducted a baseline study on the microbial water quality of large irrigation districts in California ( = 2) and Washington ( 4). Monthly samples ( 517) were analyzed for bacterial indicators (fecal coliforms, enterococci, and ) and pathogens ( spp., O157, and non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing [STEC]). Although there was a high degree of variability (μ ± SD = 59.13 ± 106.0), only 11% of samples (56/517) exceeded 126 colony-forming units (CFU) 100 mL, and only six samples exceeded 410 CFU 100 mL. Two volumes of water were collected for pathogen analysis (1 L and 10 L); prevalence of in 10-L samples (68149) was nearly double of that found in 1-L samples (132/517). We found STEC during ∼9% of sampling events (58/517); serotypes O26 and O45 were the most common at 31 and 26%, respectively. Pathogens were not associated with exceedance of the regulatory threshold, yet the odds of detecting increased approximately threefold (odds ration [O.R.] = 3.14, 0.0001) for every log increase in turbidity. Microbiological outcomes were highly district-specific, suggesting drivers of water quality vary across spatiotemporal scales. The true risk of contamination of produce from irrigation water supplies remains unknown, along with the optimal monitoring strategy to improve food safety.

Published
2018

11. Spatial and temporal variability of bacterial indicators and pathogens in six California reservoirs during extreme drought

Author

Partyka, Melissa L, Bond, Ronald F, Chase, Jennifer A, and Atwill, Edward R

Subjects
Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Earth Sciences, Digestive Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Foodborne Illness, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Aetiology, Infection, Agricultural Irrigation, Agriculture, California, Droughts, Escherichia coli O157, Feces, Salmonella, Water Microbiology, Water Quality, Water Supply, Water quality, Bacteria, Irrigation water, Food safety, Thermal stratification, Reservoir, Environmental Engineering
Abstract

California has one of the largest systems of surface water reservoirs in the world, providing irrigation water to California's agriculturally productive Central Valley. Irrigation water is recognized as a vehicle for the microbial contamination of raw produce and must be monitored according to new federal regulation. The purpose of this study was to further understanding of the variability of fecal indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli and fecal coliforms) and pathogens (E. coli O157:H7 (O157), non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) and Salmonella) along both horizontal and vertical profiles within California reservoirs. Monthly sampling was conducted in six reservoirs located in the foothills of the Western Sierra Nevada during the summer irrigation season and extreme drought conditions of 2014 (n = 257). Concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria were highly variable between reservoirs (p  0.05) or any one particular depth strata (p

Published
2018

12. Phenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of E. coli and Enterococcus from Dairy Cattle in Different Management Units on a Central California Dairy

Author

Li, Xunde, Aly, Sharif S, Su, Zhengchang, Pereira, Richard V, Williams, Deniece R, Rossitto, Paul, Champagne, John D, Chase, Jennifer, Nguyen, Tran, and Atwill, Edward R

Subjects
Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences, Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Medical Microbiology, Animal Production, Antimicrobial Resistance, Infection
Published
2018

13. Prevalence and Genomic Characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Cow-Calf Herds throughout California

Author

Worley, Jay N, Flores, Kristopher A, Yang, Xun, Chase, Jennifer A, Cao, Guojie, Tang, Shuai, Meng, Jianghong, and Atwill, Edward R

Subjects
Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Foodborne Illness, Biotechnology, Digestive Diseases, Vaccine Related, Prevention, Infectious Diseases, Biodefense, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Aetiology, Infection, Animals, California, Cattle, Cattle Diseases, Escherichia coli Infections, Escherichia coli O157, Feces, Genomics, Phylogeny, Escherichia coli, O157:H7, STEC, cattle, food-borne pathogens, genomics, Medical microbiology
Abstract

Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 is a zoonotic food- and waterborne bacterial pathogen that causes a high hospitalization rate and can cause life-threatening complications. Increasingly, E. coli O157:H7 infections appear to originate from fresh produce. Ruminants, such as cattle, are a prominent reservoir of E. coli O157:H7 in the United States. California is one of the most agriculturally productive regions in the world for fresh produce, beef, and milk. The close proximity of fresh produce and cattle presents food safety challenges on a uniquely large scale. We performed a survey of E. coli O157:H7 on 20 farms in California to observe the regional diversity and prevalence of E. coli O157:H7. Isolates were obtained from enrichment cultures of cow feces. Some farms were sampled on two dates. Genomes from isolates were sequenced to determine their relatedness and pathogenic potential. E. coli O157:H7 was isolated from approximately half of the farms. The point prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 on farms was highly variable, ranging from zero to nearly 90%. Within farms, generally one or a few lineages were found, even when the rate of isolation was high. On farms with high isolation rates, a single clonal lineage accounted for most of the isolates. Farms that were visited months after the first visit might have had the same lineages of E. coli O157:H7. Strains of E. coli O157:H7 may be persistent for months on farms.IMPORTANCE This survey of 20 cow-calf operations from different regions of California provides an in depth look at resident Escherichia coli O157:H7 populations at the molecular level. E. coli O157:H7 is found to have a highly variable prevalence, and with whole-genome sequencing, high prevalences in herds were found to be due to a single lineage shed from multiple cows. Few repeat lineages were found between farms in this area; therefore, we predict that E. coli O157:H7 has significant diversity in this area beyond what is detected in this survey. All isolates from this study were found to have pathogenic potential based on the presence of key virulence gene sequences. This represents a novel insight into pathogen diversity within a single subtype and will inform future attempts to survey regional pathogen populations.

Published
2017

14. Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Romaine Lettuce When Inoculated in a Fecal Slurry Matrix

Author

Chase, Jennifer A, Atwill, Edward R, Partyka, Melissa L, Bond, Ronald F, and Oryang, David

Subjects
Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Prevention, Vaccine Related, Biodefense, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Fecal contamination, Field trial, Produce, Slurry, Survival, Strategic, Defence & Security Studies
Abstract

A field trial was conducted in July 2011 to quantify the inactivation rate of Escherichia coli O157:H7 when mixed with fecal slurry and applied to romaine lettuce leaves. Lettuce was grown under commercial conditions in Salinas Valley, CA. One-half milliliter of rabbit fecal slurry, containing 6.3 × 107 CFU of E. coli O157:H7, was inoculated onto the upper (adaxial) surface of a lower leaf on 240 heads of lettuce within 30 min after a 2.5-h irrigation event. Forty-eight romaine lettuce heads were collected per event at 2.5 h (day 0.1), 19.75 h (day 0.8), 43.25 h (day 1.8), 67.25 h (day 2.8), and 91.75 h (day 3.8) postinoculation and were analyzed for the concentration of E. coli O157:H7 (Ct). E. coli O157:H7 was detected on 100% of collected heads in concentrations ranging from 340 to 3.40 × 1010 most probable number (MPN) per head. Enumeration data indicate substantial growth of E. coli O157:H7 postinoculation (2.5 h), leading to elevated concentrations, 1 to 3 log above the starting inoculum concentration (Co). By the end of the 92-h trial, we observed a net 0.8-log mean reduction of E. coli O157:H7 compared with Co; however, after accounting for the substantial bacterial growth, there was an overall 2.3-log reduction by the final sampling event (92 h). On the basis of two different regression models that used either the raw data for Ct or log-transformed values of Ct/Co during the period 2.5 to 91.75 h postinoculation, there was an estimated 76 to 80% reduction per day in bacterial counts; however, more accurate predictions of MPN per head of lettuce were generated by using non-log-transformed values of Ct. This study provides insight into the survival of E. coli O157:H7 transferred via splash from a contaminated fecal source onto produce during irrigation. Moreover, these findings can help generate inactivation times following a potential contamination incident.

Published
2017

15. Quantitative Shedding of Multiple Genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia by Deer Mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) in a Major Agricultural Region on the California Central Coast

Author

Kilonzo, Christopher, Li, Xunde, Vodoz, Tamara, Xiao, Chengling, Chase, Jennifer A, Jay-Russell, Michele T, Vivas, Eduardo J, and Atwill, Edward R

Subjects
Veterinary Sciences, Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences, Biodefense, Prevention, Infectious Diseases, Genetics, Vaccine Related, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cryptosporidium, Deer mice, Giardia, Quantitative shedding, Strategic, Defence & Security Studies
Abstract

Deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) are abundant and widely distributed rodents in North America that occupy diverse habitats, including agricultural landscapes. Giardia and Cryptosporidium are common parasites in wildlife including deer mice, which may play a role in on-farm contamination of produce. An important step in assessing the risk of produce contamination by Cryptosporidium and Giardia shed by deer mice is to determine the prevalence, levels, and genotypes of (oo)cysts in mouse feces. A total of 63 (30.3%) and 53 (25.5%) of 208 deer mice trapped on 12 farms on the California Central Coast were positive for Cryptosporidium and Giardia, respectively. Of these mice, 41 (19.7%) contained both parasites. The odds of Cryptosporidium shedding were 2.5 to 5 times higher for mice trapped in autumn than for mice trapped in summer or spring. Female mice had a higher prevalence and two- to threefold higher levels of Cryptosporidium and Giardia compared with male mice. Female adults and female juveniles had the highest rates of contamination of the environment with Cryptosporidium and Giardia, respectively. We estimated that 20 infected deer mice inhabiting 1 ha of a typical leafy green produce farm in the study region could shed approximately 5.3 × 108 Cryptosporidium and 10.5 × 108 Giardia, respectively, per day into the environment. The small-subunit rRNA gene loci from a subset of protozoan isolates were sequenced and compared with existing sequences in GenBank. Multiple genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia were found, and BLAST analyses suggest that Giardia and the majority of Cryptosporidium genotypes in deer mice circulate within various rodent populations, but some Cryptosporidium isolates possess zoonotic potential.

Published
2017

16. Monitoring bacterial indicators of water quality in a tidally influenced delta: A Sisyphean pursuit

Author

Partyka, Melissa L, Bond, Ronald F, Chase, Jennifer A, and Atwill, Edward R

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Ecology, Life on Land, Bacteria, Environmental Monitoring, Feces, Models, Statistical, San Francisco, Water Microbiology, Water Quality, Water quality monitoring, Fecal indicator bacteria, Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, Multiple linear regression, Spatio-temporal scale, Non-point source
Abstract

The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Estuary (Delta) is the confluence of two major watersheds draining the Western Sierra Nevada mountains into the Central Valley of California, ultimately terminating into San Francisco Bay. We sampled 88 sites once a month for two years (2006-2008) over 87 separate sampling events for a total of 1740 samples. Water samples were analyzed for fecal indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli, enterococci and fecal coliforms), and 53 other physiochemical, land use, and environmental characteristics. The purpose of the study was to create a baseline of microbial water quality in the Delta and to identify various factors (climatic, land use, tidal, etc.) that were associated with elevated concentrations of indicator bacteria. Fecal indicator bacteria generally had weak to modest relationships to environmental conditions; the strength and direction of which varied for each microbial indicator, drainage region, and across seasons. Measured and unmeasured, site-specific effects accounted for large portions of variance in model predictions (ρ=0.086 to 0.255), indicating that spatial autocorrelation was a major component of water quality outcomes. The effects of tidal cycling and lack of connectivity between waterways and surrounding landscapes likely contributed to the lack of association between local land uses and microbial outcomes, though weak associations may also be indicative of mismatched spatiotemporal scales. The complex nature of this system necessitates continued monitoring and regular updates to statistical models designed to predict microbial water quality.

Published
2017

17. Multistate Evaluation of Microbial Water and Sediment Quality from Agricultural Recovery Basins

Author

Partyka, Melissa L, Bond, Ronald F, Chase, Jennifer A, Kiger, Luana, and Atwill, Edward R

Subjects
Environmental Sciences, Zero Hunger, Agriculture, Groundwater, Ponds, Water, Water Microbiology, Earth Sciences, Biological Sciences, Agronomy & Agriculture, Biological sciences, Earth sciences, Environmental sciences
Abstract

Agricultural recovery basins are an important conservation practice designed to provide temporary storage of sediment and water on farms before low-volume discharge. However, food safety concerns have been raised regarding redistribution of captured sediment and water to fields used for human food production. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential microbiological risk that recovery basins may contribute to nearby produce fields and to evaluate characteristics that may influence or mitigate those risks. Water and sediment samples were collected from participating farms in three states and evaluated for bacterial indicators and pathogens over several months. Overall, 45% ( = 48) of water samples and less than 15% ( = 13) of sediment samples were positive for spp. In water samples, the occurrence of was positively associated with the use of surface water as a source of irrigation compared with groundwater as well as log-scale increases in concentration. In sediment samples, was associated with basin location (region) and basin fill levels. Sediment exposed to drying during dewatering had lower concentrations of indicator and a lower proportion of positives than submerged sediment from the same pond. Surrounding landscape characteristics, including vegetative coverage, proximity to livestock operations, and evidence of wildlife, were not correlated with pathogen occurrence in either sediment or water samples, suggesting that although habitat surrounding ponds may be an attractant to wildlife, those features may not contribute to increased pathogen occurrence in agricultural recovery basins.

Published
2016

19. Discovery of first-in-class inhibitors of ASH1L histone methyltransferase with anti-leukemic activity

Author

Rogawski, David S., Deng, Jing, Li, Hao, Miao, Hongzhi, Borkin, Dmitry, Purohit, Trupta, Song, Jiho, Chase, Jennifer, Li, Shuangjiang, Ndoj, Juliano, Klossowski, Szymon, Kim, EunGi, Mao, Fengbiao, Zhou, Bo, Ropa, James, Krotoska, Marta Z., Jin, Zhuang, Ernst, Patricia, Feng, Xiaomin, Huang, Gang, Nishioka, Kenichi, Kelly, Samantha, He, Miao, Wen, Bo, Sun, Duxin, Muntean, Andrew, Dou, Yali, Maillard, Ivan, Cierpicki, Tomasz, and Grembecka, Jolanta

Published
2021
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20. Fecal Indicator and Pathogenic Bacteria and Their Antibiotic Resistance in Alluvial Groundwater of an Irrigated Agricultural Region with Dairies

Author

Li, Xunde, Atwill, Edward R, Antaki, Elizabeth, Applegate, Olin, Bergamaschi, Brian, Bond, Ronald F, Chase, Jennifer, Ransom, Katherine M, Samuels, William, Watanabe, Naoko, and Harter, Thomas

Subjects
Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Infectious Diseases, Infection, Life on Land, Earth Sciences, Agronomy & Agriculture, Biological sciences, Earth sciences, Environmental sciences
Abstract

Surveys of microbiological groundwater quality were conducted in a region with intensive animal agriculture in California, USA. The survey included monitoring and domestic wells in eight concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) and 200 small (domestic and community supply district) supply wells across the region. was not detected in groundwater, whereas O157:H7 and were each detected in 2 of 190 CAFO monitoring well samples. Nonpathogenic generic and spp. were detected in 24.2% (46/190) and 97.4% (185/190) groundwater samples from CAFO monitoring wells and in 4.2% (1/24) and 87.5% (21/24) of CAFO domestic wells, respectively. Concentrations of both generic and spp. were significantly associated with well depth, season, and the type of adjacent land use in the CAFO. No pathogenic bacteria were detected in groundwater from 200 small supply wells in the extended survey. However, 4.5 to 10.3% groundwater samples were positive for generic and . Concentrations of generic were not significantly associated with any factors, but concentrations of were significantly associated with proximity to CAFOs, seasons, and concentrations of potassium in water. Among a subset of and isolates from both surveys, the majority of (63.6%) and (86.1%) isolates exhibited resistance to multiple (≥3) antibiotics. Findings confirm significant microbial and antibiotic resistance loading to CAFO groundwater. Results also demonstrate significant attenuative capacity of the unconfined alluvial aquifer system with respect to microbial transport.

Published
2015

21. Transfer of Escherichia coliO157:H7 from Simulated Wildlife Scat onto Romaine Lettuce during Foliar Irrigation

Author

Atwill, Edward R, Chase, Jennifer A, Oryang, David, Bond, Ronald F, Koike, Steven T, Cahn, Michael D, Anderson, Maren, Mokhtari, Amirhossein, and Dennis, Sherri

Subjects
Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Prevention, Infectious Diseases, Infection, Animals, Animals, Wild, California, Colony Count, Microbial, Consumer Product Safety, Escherichia coli O157, Feces, Food Contamination, Food Microbiology, Food Safety, Lactuca, Plant Leaves, Strategic, Defence & Security Studies
Abstract

A field trial in Salinas Valley, California, was conducted during July 2011 to quantify the microbial load that transfers from wildlife feces onto nearby lettuce during foliar irrigation. Romaine lettuce was grown using standard commercial practices and irrigated using an impact sprinkler design. Five grams of rabbit feces was spiked with 1.29 × 10(8) CFU of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and placed - 3, - 2, and - 1 days and immediately before a 2-h irrigation event. Immediately after irrigation, 168 heads of lettuce ranging from ca. 23 to 69 cm (from 9 to 27 in.) from the fecal deposits were collected, and the concentration of E. coli O157:H7 was determined. Thirty-eight percent of the collected lettuce heads had detectable E. coli O157:H7, ranging from 1 MPN to 2.30 × 10(5) MPN per head and a mean concentration of 7.37 × 10(3) MPN per head. Based on this weighted arithmetic mean concentration of 7.37 × 10(3) MPN of bacteria per positive head, only 0.00573% of the original 5 g of scat with its mean load of 1.29 × 10(8) CFU was transferred to the positive heads of lettuce. Bacterial contamination was limited to the outer leaves of lettuce. In addition, factors associated with the transfer of E. coli O157:H7 from scat to lettuce were distance between the scat and lettuce, age of scat before irrigation, and mean distance between scat and the irrigation sprinkler heads. This study quantified the transfer coefficient between scat and adjacent heads of lettuce as a function of irrigation. The data can be used to populate a quantitative produce risk assessment model for E. coli O157:H7 in romaine lettuce to inform risk management and food safety policies.

Published
2015

27. Genomic Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 Sequence Variants at Universities in Southwest Idaho.

Author

Chase, Jennifer R., Bond, Laura, Vail, Daniel J., Sengthep, Milan, Rodriguez, Adriana, Christianson, Joe, Hudon, Stephanie F., and Oxford, Julia Thom

Subjects
*SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant, *NUCLEOTIDE sequence, *UNIVERSITIES & colleges, *METROPOLITAN areas
Abstract

Although the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on major metropolitan areas is broadly reported and readily available, regions with lower populations and more remote areas in the United States are understudied. The objective of this study is to determine the progression of SARS-CoV-2 sequence variants in a frontier and remote intermountain west state among university-associated communities. This study was conducted at two intermountain west universities from 2020 to 2022. Positive SARS-CoV-2 samples were confirmed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and variants were identified by the next-generation sequencing of viral genomes. Positive results were obtained for 5355 samples, representing a positivity rate of 3.5% overall. The median age was 22 years. Viral genomic sequence data were analyzed for 1717 samples and phylogeny was presented. Associations between viral variants, age, sex, and reported symptoms among 1522 samples indicated a significant association between age and the Delta variant (B 1.167.2), consistent with the findings for other regions. An outbreak event of AY122 was detected August–October 2021. A 2-month delay was observed with respect to the timing of the first documented viral infection within this region compared to major metropolitan regions of the US. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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28. Loss of mTORCI signaling alters pancreatic [alpha] cell mass and impairs glucagon secretion

Author

Bozadjieva, Nadejda, Blandino-Rosano, Manuel, Chase, Jennifer, Dai, Xiao-Qing, Cummings, Kelsey, Gimeno, Jennifer, Dean, Danielle, Powers, Alvin C., Gittes, George K., Ruegg, Markus A., Hall, Michael N., MacDonald, Patrick E., and Bernal-Mizrachi, Ernesto

Subjects
Glucagon -- Research, Homeostasis -- Research, Hyperglycemia -- Development and progression, Health care industry
Abstract

Glucagon plays a major role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis during fed and fasting states. However, the mechanisms responsible for the regulation of pancreatic [alpha] cell mass and function are not completely understood. In the current study, we identified mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) as a major regulator of [alpha] cell mass and glucagon secretion. Using mice with tissuespecific deletion of the mTORC1 regulator Raptor in [alpha] cells ([[alpha]Raptor.sup.KO]), we showed that mTORC1 signaling is dispensable for [alpha] cell development, but essential for [alpha] cell maturation during the transition from a milk-based diet to a chow-based diet after weaning. Moreover, inhibition of mTORC1 signaling in [[alpha]Raptor.sup.KO] mice and in WT animals exposed to chronic rapamycin administration decreased glucagon content and glucagon secretion. In [[alpha]Raptor.sup.KO] mice, impaired glucagon secretion occurred in response to different secretagogues and was mediated by alterations in [K.sub.ATP] channel subunit expression and activity. Additionally, our data identify the mTORC1/FoxA2 axis as a link between mTORC1 and transcriptional regulation of key genes responsible for [alpha] cell function. Thus, our results reveal a potential function of mTORC1 in nutrient-dependent regulation of glucagon secretion and identify a role for mTORC1 in controlling [alpha] cell-mass maintenance., Introduction Type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are characterized by uncontrolled hyperglycemia associated with the progressive decrease in insulin. Glucagon, insulin's counterregulatory hormone, plays a major role in [...]

Published
2017
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32. Zinc–Acetate–Amine Complexes as Precursors to ZnO and the Effect of the Amine on Nanoparticle Morphology, Size, and Photocatalytic Activity

Author

Harris, Jerry D., primary, Wade, Emily A., additional, Ellison, Emmaline G., additional, Pena, Cecelia C., additional, Bryant, Stephen C., additional, McKibben, Nicholas L., additional, Christy, Allison J., additional, Laughlin, Kevin O., additional, Harris, Ashley E., additional, Goettsche, Kenrik V., additional, Larson, Chad E., additional, Hubbard, Seth M., additional, Cowen, Jonathan E., additional, Eixenberger, Josh, additional, Estrada, David, additional, and Chase, Jennifer R., additional

Published
2022
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35. Ash1l controls quiescence and self-renewal potential in hematopoietic stem cells

Author

Jones, Morgan, Chase, Jennifer, Brinkmeier, Michelle, Xu, Jing, Weinberg, Daniel N., Schira, Julien, Friedman, Ann, Malek, Sami, Grembecka, Jolanta, Cierpicki, Tomasz, Dou, Yali, Camper, Sally A., and Maillard, Ivan

Subjects
Genes -- Physiological aspects -- Research, Hematopoietic stem cells -- Physiological aspects -- Research -- Genetic aspects, Health care industry
Abstract

Rapidly cycling fetal and neonatal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) generate a pool of quiescent adult HSCs after establishing hematopoiesis in the bone marrow. We report an essential role for the trithorax group gene absent, small, or homeotic 1-like (Ash1l) at this developmental transition. Emergence and expansion of Ash1l-deficient fetal/neonatal HSCs were preserved; however, in young adult animals, HSCs were profoundly depleted. Ash1l-deficient adult HSCs had markedly decreased quiescence and reduced cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1b/c (Cdkn1b/1c) expression and failed to establish long-term trilineage bone marrow hematopoiesis after transplantation to irradiated recipients. Wild-type HSCs could efficiently engraft when transferred to unirradiated, Ash1l-deficient recipients, indicating increased availability of functional HSC niches in these mice. Ashl| deficiency also decreased expression of multiple Hox genes in hematopoietic progenitors. Ash1l cooperated functionally with mixed-lineage leukemia 1 (Mll1), as combined loss of Ash1l and Mll1, but not isolated Ashl| or Mll| deficiency, induced overt hematopoietic failure. Our results uncover a trithorax group gene network that controls quiescence, niche occupancy, and self-renewal potential in adult HSCs., Introduction Fetal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) proliferate rapidly and contribute to massive expansion of the HSC pool (1, 2). In contrast, adult HSCs divide rarely in steady-state conditions, as a [...]

Published
2015
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36. Icosapent Ethyl Reduces Ischemic Events in Patients With a History of Previous Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: REDUCE-IT CABG

Author

Verma, Subodh, primary, Bhatt, Deepak L., additional, Steg, Ph. Gabriel, additional, Miller, Michael, additional, Brinton, Eliot A., additional, Jacobson, Terry A., additional, Dhingra, Nitish K., additional, Ketchum, Steven B., additional, Juliano, Rebecca A., additional, Jiao, Lixia, additional, Doyle, Ralph T., additional, Granowitz, Craig, additional, Gibson, C. Michael, additional, Pinto, Duane, additional, Giugliano, Robert P., additional, Budoff, Matthew J., additional, Mason, R. Preston, additional, Tardif, Jean-Claude, additional, Ballantyne, Christie M., additional, Martens, Fabrice M.A.C., additional, Schut, Astrid, additional, Olshansky, Brian, additional, Chung, Mina, additional, Hallstrom, Al, additional, Pearce, Lesly, additional, Mehta, Cyrus, additional, Mukherjee, Rajat, additional, Chakrabarti, Anjan K., additional, Gelfand, Eli V., additional, Leary, Megan Carroll, additional, Pinto, Duane S., additional, Pride, Yuri B., additional, Ketchum, Steven, additional, Bhavanthula, Ramakrishna, additional, Chester, Gertrude, additional, Copland, Christina, additional, Diffin, Katelyn, additional, Doyle, Ralph, additional, Erz, Kurt, additional, Giaquinto, Alex, additional, Glanton, Paula, additional, Granger, Angela, additional, Iroudayassamy, Richard H., additional, Juliano, Rebecca, additional, Jin, James, additional, Klevak, Dimitry, additional, Panchal, Hardik, additional, Wang, Robert, additional, Wang, Shin-Ru, additional, Abate, Gerard, additional, Berry, Peggy J., additional, Braeckman, Rene, additional, Doogan, Declan, additional, Elson, Anne, additional, HauptmannBaker, Amy, additional, Lamela, Isabel, additional, Lubeck, Catherine, additional, Manku, Mehar, additional, Murphy, Sabina, additional, Sanford, Monica, additional, Stirtan, William, additional, Soni, Paresh, additional, Bastien, Arnaud, additional, Foster, Demetria, additional, Gascon, Evangelito, additional, Johnson, Judith, additional, Latona, Lasbert, additional, Liu, Gang, additional, Palleja, Sandra, additional, Sanjuan, Nelly, additional, Shi, Jimmy, additional, Stager, William, additional, Venkatakrishnan, Mukund, additional, Youssef-Agha, Ahmed, additional, Zhu, Julie, additional, Aertker, Leela, additional, Ankolekar, Suresh, additional, Goldberg, Lisa, additional, Rajicic, Natasa, additional, Shu, Jianfen, additional, Zou, Heng, additional, Mikhail, Magdy, additional, Dawood, Gamil, additional, Koshy, N. Mathew, additional, Mukherjee, Sandip K., additional, Abadier, Rafik, additional, Lawless, Andrea L., additional, McGuinn, William P., additional, Weintraub, Howard, additional, Rohr, Kathryn, additional, Claxton, Edmund, additional, Weiss, Robert J., additional, Klein, Terry D., additional, Nallasivan, Mani, additional, Crowley, Stephen, additional, King, Marilyn, additional, Alfieri, Anthony D., additional, Fitz-Patrick, David, additional, Loh, Irving, additional, Mayer, Nolan J., additional, Prashad, Rakesh, additional, Lederman, Samuel, additional, Weinstein, Debra, additional, Bays, Harold E., additional, Chu, Keith, additional, Maghsoudi, Alireza, additional, Thompson, Paul D., additional, Carstens, Jeff, additional, Chang, Anna, additional, Cohen, Kenneth R., additional, Dean, Julius, additional, Ellison, Howard S., additional, Erickson, Bernard, additional, Flores, Enrique A., additional, Gottlieb, Daniel W., additional, Grena, Paul, additional, Guyton, John R., additional, Jones, Peter H., additional, Joseph, John M., additional, Lepor, Norman E., additional, Lerman, Sam, additional, Matheney, Robert D., additional, Pacheco, Theodore R., additional, Russo, Michael B., additional, Rubino, John, additional, Pereira, Edward S., additional, Seals, Albert A., additional, Viera, Eduardo, additional, Steljes, Alan D., additional, Thompson, Jason, additional, Kapadia, Shaival, additional, McIvor, Michael, additional, Salazar, Jorge E., additional, Santiago, Jose O., additional, Vicari, Ralph, additional, Berk, Martin R., additional, Kaye, William A., additional, McKenzie, Marcus, additional, Podlecki, David, additional, Snyder, Brian D., additional, Nash, Stephen, additional, Herrington, David M., additional, Johnson, Wallace, additional, Lee, Joseph R., additional, Blonder, Ronald, additional, Patel, Alpa M., additional, Castello, Ramon, additional, Greco, Susan, additional, Kereiakes, Dean J., additional, Nadar, Venkatesh K., additional, Nathan, Mark, additional, Potu, Ranganatha P., additional, Sangrigoli, Robert, additional, Smalling, Richard, additional, Davis, Mitchell, additional, Braastad, Robert, additional, McCriskin, James, additional, Bodiwala, Kunal, additional, Hargrove, Joe L., additional, Graves, Mark W., additional, Emlein, George, additional, Durant, Raegan W., additional, Clower, James W., additional, Arora, Rohit, additional, Singh, Narendra, additional, Warsinger Martin, Lisa, additional, Haught, W Herbert, additional, Litt, Marc P., additional, Klein, Michael D., additional, Hoagland, Peter, additional, Goldstein, Michael, additional, Mazzella, Marco S., additional, Dunker, Daniel H., additional, Kahn, Brian H., additional, Ince, Carlos S., additional, McGrew, Frank A., additional, Lee, Jay, additional, Pan, David, additional, Khan, Salman A., additional, Elkayam, Uri, additional, Deeb, Wasim, additional, Goldberg, Anne C., additional, Brown, Christopher S., additional, Leimbach, Wayne N., additional, Backer, Thomas S., additional, Sutton, David R., additional, Gellman, Joel, additional, George, Anu R., additional, Hoffman, Alan S., additional, Kates, Mark, additional, Anand, Kishlay, additional, Bear, Robert, additional, Cavanaugh, Brendan J., additional, Reyes, Ramon G., additional, Sotolongo, Rodolfo, additional, Sabatino, Kenneth, additional, Gallagher, Kevin, additional, Sorial, Ehab, additional, Geohas, Chris, additional, Magness, Kathleen E., additional, Grunstra, Bernard P., additional, Martin, Frederik A., additional, Knapp, William S., additional, Lucas, Mel E., additional, Champlin, John J., additional, Demattia, Jason, additional, Peters, Patrick H., additional, Kirstein, Judith, additional, Randall, William J., additional, Staniloae, Cezar S., additional, Robinson, Jennifer G., additional, Adler, Alexander, additional, Case, Christopher, additional, Kaplan, Andrew J., additional, Lakin, Gregory F., additional, Goyle, Krishan K., additional, DiGiovanna, Michael J., additional, Fisher, Chester L., additional, Lillestol, Michael, additional, Robinson, Michael, additional, Perry, Robert G., additional, Levinson, Lawrence S., additional, Everhart, Brian G., additional, Madder, Robert D., additional, Martin, Earl F., additional, Martin, Earl E., additional, Alam, Imtiaz, additional, Elacion, Jose Mari L., additional, Poonawala, Robina, additional, Desta, Taddese T., additional, Robinson, Jerome A., additional, Martinez, Gilbert J., additional, Reddy, Jakkidi S., additional, Wayne, Jeffrey D., additional, Mujica Trenche, Samuel, additional, Kaplan, Westbrook I., additional, Saavedra, Rubin H., additional, DiGregorio, Michael D., additional, Bertolet, Barry D., additional, Fraser, Neil J., additional, Hart, Terence T., additional, Graf, Ronald J., additional, Jasper, David A., additional, Dunn, Michael, additional, Streja, Dan A., additional, Strobl, David J., additional, Jiang, Nan, additional, Kalen, Vicki, additional, Mascolo, Richard, additional, Samson, Mercedes B., additional, Stephens, Michael, additional, Bellard, Bret M., additional, Juarez, Mario, additional, McCarthy, Patrick J., additional, Checton, John B., additional, Stillabower, Michael, additional, Goldenberg, Edward, additional, Karim, Amin H., additional, Jaffrani, Naseem, additional, Touchon, Robert C., additional, Fruehling, Erich R., additional, Friesen, Clayton J., additional, Chaudhuri, Pradipta, additional, Morris, Frank H., additional, Broker, Robert E., additional, Patel, Rajesh J., additional, Hole, Susan, additional, Miller, Randall P., additional, Miranda, Francisco G., additional, Dar, Sadia, additional, Gentry, Shawn N., additional, Hermany, Paul, additional, Treasure, Charles B., additional, Trevino, Miguel E., additional, Acosta, Raimundo, additional, Japour, Anthony, additional, Durr, Samuel J., additional, Wang, Thomas, additional, Ganda, Om P., additional, Krichmar, Perry, additional, Arter, James L., additional, Jacoby, Douglas, additional, Schwartz, Michael A., additional, Al-Karadsheh, Amer, additional, Gencheff, Nelson E., additional, Pasquini, John A., additional, Dunbar, Richard, additional, Kohnstamm, Sarah, additional, Lozano, Hector F., additional, Welty, Francine K., additional, Pitts, Thomas L., additional, Zehnder, Brian, additional, El Hafi, Salah, additional, King, Mark A., additional, Ghitis, Arnold, additional, Bahu, Marwan M., additional, Ranjbaran Jahromi, Hooman, additional, Caputo, Ronald P., additional, Busch, Robert S., additional, Shapiro, Michael D., additional, Zavaro, Suhail, additional, Daudjee, Munib, additional, Jacobs, Shahram, additional, Shah, Vipul B., additional, Rubalcava, Frank, additional, Alhaddad, Mohsin T., additional, Lui, Henry, additional, Rajan, Raj T., additional, Saba, Fadi E., additional, Gunapooti, Mahendra Pai N, additional, Kayembe, Tshiswaka B., additional, Jennings, Timothy, additional, Strzinek, Robert A., additional, Shanik, Michael H., additional, Singh, Pradeep K., additional, Kennedy, Alastair C., additional, Rubenstein, Howard, additional, Manshadi, Ramin, additional, Ladner, Joanne, additional, Kakish, Lily, additional, Kakish, Ashley, additional, Little, Amy L., additional, Gerber, Jaime, additional, Hinchion, Nancy J., additional, Guarino, Janet, additional, Raychok, Denise, additional, Budzinski, Susan, additional, Kelley-Garvin, Kathleen, additional, Beckord, April, additional, Schlinder, Jessica, additional, Schwartzbard, Arthur, additional, Cobos, Stanley, additional, Freeman, Deborah, additional, Abisalih, David, additional, McCann, Dervilla, additional, Guy, Kylie, additional, Chase, Jennifer, additional, Samuelson, Stacey, additional, Cassidy, Madeline, additional, Tardif, Marissa, additional, Smith, Jaime, additional, Sprout, Brenna, additional, Riedeman, Nanette, additional, Goza, Julie, additional, Johnson, Lori, additional, Kraske, Chad, additional, Hastings, Sheila, additional, Dutka, Chris, additional, Smith, Stephanie, additional, McCabe, Toni, additional, Maloney, Kathleen, additional, Alfieri, Paul, additional, Hosemane, Vinay, additional, Syravanh, Chanhsamone, additional, Pau, Cindy, additional, Limcoiloc, April, additional, Carreira, Tabitha, additional, Kurosawa, Taryn S., additional, Krumian, Razmig, additional, Preston, Krista, additional, Nashed, Ashraf, additional, Schneidman-Fernandez, Daria, additional, Patterson, Jack, additional, Tsakonas, John, additional, Esaki, Jennifer, additional, Sprafka, Lynn, additional, Patel, Porous, additional, Mitchell, Brian, additional, Ross, Erin M., additional, Miller, Donna, additional, Prashad, Akash, additional, Feyler, Kristina M., additional, Juarbe, Natasha, additional, Herrera, Sandra, additional, Keiran, Sarah M., additional, Whitehead, Becky, additional, Asher, Whitney, additional, Hobbs, Coury, additional, Elie, Abbey, additional, Brooks, Jean, additional, Zaleski, Amanda L., additional, Foxen, Brenda, additional, Lapke, Barb, additional, Wright, Philippa, additional, Pavol, Bristol, additional, Carangi, Gwen, additional, Turner, Marla, additional, Sanders, Katharine W., additional, Delamar, Rikita S., additional, Wilson, Virginia L., additional, Harvel, Sarah M., additional, Cartledge, Alison M., additional, Bailey, Kaitlyn R., additional, Mahon, Kathleen, additional, Schuchard, Timothy, additional, Humbert, Jen, additional, Hanson, Mark C., additional, Cecil, Michael P., additional, Abraham, James S., additional, Benedict, Lorie, additional, Slayton, Claudia, additional, Burnett, Curtis S., additional, Ono-Lim, Rachel W., additional, Budzinski, Sharon, additional, Khan, Shubi A., additional, Goss, Sharon, additional, Techmanski, Terry, additional, Valliani, Farida, additional, Joseph, Rimla, additional, Flores, Edith, additional, Contreras, Laurn, additional, Aguillon, Ana, additional, Silvia, Carrie-Ann, additional, Martin, Maria, additional, Kerut, Edmund K., additional, Levenson, Leslie W., additional, Glade, Louis B., additional, Cospolich, Brian J., additional, Stein, Maureen W., additional, LaGuardia, Stephen P., additional, Sonza, Thelma L., additional, Fife, Tracy M., additional, Forschler, Melissa, additional, Watts, Jasmyne, additional, Fritsch, Judy, additional, Futchko, Emese, additional, Utech, Sarah, additional, Baker, Scott B., additional, Roura, Miguel F., additional, Segel, Scott A., additional, Magee, James S., additional, Jackson, Cathy, additional, Goldfaden, Rebecca F., additional, Quas, Liudmila, additional, Ortiz, Elizabeth C., additional, Simpson, Michael, additional, Foster, Robert, additional, Brian, Christopher, additional, Trimm, James, additional, Bailey, Michael, additional, Snoddy, Brian, additional, Reeder, Van, additional, Wilkinson, Rachel, additional, Settle, Harold, additional, Massey, Cynthia, additional, Maiola, Angela, additional, Hall, Michele, additional, Hall, Shelly, additional, Hall, Wanda, additional, Xenakis, Mark, additional, Barrett, Janet, additional, Campanile, Giovanni, additional, Anthou, David, additional, Neill, Susan F., additional, Karas, Steven, additional, Polanco, Enrique, additional, Schechtman, Norberto, additional, Tischner, Grace, additional, Warren, Kay, additional, St Cyr, Cynthia, additional, Kuczinski, Menna, additional, Alexander, Latrina, additional, Ibarra, Maricruz, additional, Horowitz, Barry S., additional, Steinsapir, Jaime, additional, Mangual-Coughlin, Jeanette, additional, Mooney, Brittany, additional, Vasquez, Precilia, additional, Rodkey, Kathleen, additional, Biberstein, Alexandria, additional, Ignacio, Christine, additional, Robinson, Irina, additional, Hibberd, Marcia, additional, Hoffman, Lisa B., additional, Murak, Daniel J., additional, Varavenkataraman, Raghupathy, additional, Ohlson Elliott, Theresa M., additional, Cunningham, Linda A., additional, Palmerton, Heather L., additional, Poole, Sheri, additional, Moore, Jeannine, additional, Wallace, Helene, additional, Chandler, Ted, additional, Riley, Robert, additional, Dawood, Farah, additional, Azeem, Amir, additional, Cammarata, Michael, additional, Owen, Ashleigh, additional, Aggarwal, Shivani, additional, Qureshi, Waqas, additional, Almahmoud, Mohamed, additional, Oseni, Abdullahi, additional, Leigh, Adam, additional, Barnes, Erin, additional, Pflum, Adam, additional, Aladin, Amer, additional, Blinson, Karen, additional, Wayne, Vickie, additional, Doomy, Lynda, additional, Wall, Michele, additional, Bitterman, Valerie, additional, Young, Cindi, additional, Grice, Rachel, additional, Poliakova, Lioubov, additional, Davalos, Jorge, additional, Rosenbaum, David, additional, Boulware, Mark, additional, Mazzola, Heather, additional, Strader, J. Russell, additional, Linsky, Russell, additional, Schwartz, David, additional, Graf, Elizabeth, additional, Gneiting, Alicia, additional, Palmblad, Melissa, additional, Donlin, Ashley, additional, Ensminger, Emily, additional, Garcia, Hillary, additional, Robinson, Dawn, additional, Tran, Carolyn, additional, Jacqmein, Jeffrey, additional, Bartilucci, Darlene, additional, Koren, Michael, additional, Maluchnik, Barbara, additional, Parks, Melissa, additional, Miller, Jennifer, additional, DeFosse, Cynthia, additional, Knouse, Albert B., additional, Delancey, Amy, additional, Chin, Stephanie, additional, Stephens, Thomas, additional, Sohal, Mag, additional, Ingram, Juana, additional, Kumar, Swarooparani, additional, Foley, Heather, additional, Smith, Nina, additional, McKinney, Vera, additional, Schwarz, Linda, additional, Moore, Judith, additional, Anderson, Hildreth Vernon, additional, Sdringola-Maranga, Stefano, additional, Denktas, Ali, additional, Turrentine, Elizabeth, additional, Patterson, Rhonda, additional, Marshall, John, additional, Tolar, Terri, additional, Patrick, Donna, additional, Schwartzkopf, Pamela, additional, Fletcher, Anthony M., additional, Harris, Frances R., additional, Clements, Sherry, additional, Brown, Tiffany, additional, Smith, William, additional, Baehl, Stacey J., additional, Fluty, Robin, additional, VanHamersveld, Daniel, additional, Breen, Dennis, additional, Bender, Nancy, additional, Stafford, Beverly, additional, Washington, Tamika, additional, Pike, Margaret N., additional, Stich, Mark A., additional, Jawad, Evyan, additional, Nadeem, Amin, additional, Nyland, Jill, additional, Hamer, Rhonda, additional, Calhoun, Kendra, additional, Mall, Charlotte, additional, Cadogan, Samuel, additional, Raynes, Kati, additional, Katz, Richard, additional, Marshall, Lorraine, additional, Abbas, Rashida, additional, Dinerman, Jay L., additional, Hartley, John T., additional, Lamb, Beth, additional, Eskridge, Lisa, additional, Raymond, Donna, additional, Clemmer, Kristy, additional, Fine, Denise M., additional, Beardsley, Paula, additional, Werner, Janet, additional, Mahan, Bette, additional, VanTol, Courtney, additional, Herman, Robert, additional, Raiser-Vignola, Christine, additional, McShan, Felicia, additional, Neill, Stefanie A., additional, Blick, David R., additional, Liston, Michael J., additional, Nelson, Denetta K., additional, Dorrell, Sandra K., additional, Wyman, Patricia, additional, Quraishi, Ambereen, additional, Ferro, Fernando, additional, Morris, Frank, additional, Coombs, Vicki J., additional, Mains, Autumn M., additional, Campbell, Austin A., additional, Phelps, Jeanne, additional, Geary, Cheryl A., additional, Sheridan, Ellen G., additional, Downing, Jean M., additional, Swatkowski, Arie, additional, Redden, Tish, additional, Dragutsky, Brian, additional, Thomas, Susan, additional, Mitchell, Candace, additional, Barker, Diana, additional, Turcotte, Elanie, additional, Segerson, Deborah, additional, Guy, Jill, additional, De La Mora, Karena, additional, Hong, Jennifer, additional, Do, Dennis, additional, Norris, Rose, additional, Khan, Faisal, additional, Montero, Hector, additional, Kelly-White, Stacy, additional, Cleland, Alan, additional, Alcalde-Crawford, Rosalyn, additional, Morgan, Melissa, additional, Sarabu, Brijmohan, additional, Minor, Megan, additional, Kamat, Shweta, additional, Estes, Stephanie M., additional, Harless, Nancee, additional, Disney, Alicia, additional, Pagano, Jodi L., additional, Alford, Chad M., additional, Bedwell, Noel W., additional, Hardy, Warren D., additional, DeAndrade, Kevin, additional, Elmore, Jessica G., additional, Auerbach, Eric, additional, Haney, Anthony W., additional, Brooks, Miriam H., additional, Torres, Jose, additional, Roper, Lois, additional, Backer, Terry, additional, Backer, Katie, additional, Evans, John G., additional, Silva, Ricardo A., additional, Dajani, Lorraine H., additional, Yousif, Veronica, additional, Ross, Tammy, additional, Roy, Sion K., additional, Oudiz, Ronald, additional, Hamal, Sajad, additional, Flores, Ferdinand, additional, Leahy, Amor, additional, Ayer, Debra, additional, George, Swapna, additional, Stewart, Chrisi Carine, additional, Orellana, Elvira, additional, Boccalandro, Cristina, additional, Rangel, Mary, additional, Hennings, Suzanne, additional, Vanselow, Carl, additional, Victor, Teri, additional, Birdwell, Darlene, additional, Haas, Paul, additional, Sandoval, Anthony, additional, Ciavarella, Gina, additional, Saglam, Caroline, additional, Bird, Amy, additional, Beck, Keith, additional, Poliquin, Brian, additional, Dominguez, David, additional, Tenorio, Brittany, additional, Perkins, Harvonya, additional, San Roman, Esther, additional, Bransford, Paris, additional, Lowrance, Christy, additional, Broussard, Marcy, additional, Ellis, Mary, additional, Skiles, Bobbi, additional, Hamilton, Jessica, additional, Hall, Kathryn, additional, Olvera, Diego, additional, Hartwell, Julee A., additional, Sorial, Nevien, additional, Rickman, Mary, additional, Berman, Kevin, additional, Mehta, Nirav, additional, Laborin, Annie, additional, Rothenberger, Rodger, additional, Beauvilliers, Sarah, additional, Morrell, Kathy, additional, Schachter, Michael P., additional, Perkins, Cindy L., additional, Gordon, Elizabeth A., additional, Lauer, Jennifer, additional, Bichsel, Kim, additional, Oliver, Kelly, additional, Mellor, Leslie J., additional, Demattia, Candice, additional, Schomburg, Jennifer, additional, Moreno, Yenniffer, additional, Mansur-Garza, Eduardo, additional, Rippstein, Lena, additional, Chacon, Lorie, additional, Pena, Andrea, additional, King, Michelle, additional, Richardson, Susan, additional, Jessop, Annette, additional, Tucker, Nicole, additional, Royer, Whitney, additional, Templeton, Gilbert, additional, Moell, Ann, additional, Weller, Christine, additional, Botts, Melissa J., additional, Hollon, Gretel, additional, Homberg-Pinassi, Elsa, additional, Forest, Paula, additional, Abhulhak, Aref Bin, additional, Chun-Furlong, Devona, additional, Harrington, Deborah, additional, Harlynn, Emily, additional, Schmitt, Marjorie, additional, Shelsky, Constance, additional, Feldick, Patricia, additional, Cherrico, Mary, additional, Jagle, Courtney, additional, Warnecke, Nicholas, additional, Myer, Debra, additional, Ruder, Deanna J., additional, Underwood, Albina, additional, Rauba, Alan, additional, Carr, George, additional, Oberhaus, Barbara, additional, Vanderfeltz, Jessica, additional, Stucky-Heil, Mary Jo, additional, Gibson, Dale R., additional, Fuentes, Vonnie, additional, Talbot, Kimberly L., additional, Simon, William C., additional, Grimes, Katlyn J., additional, Wheeler, Christina R., additional, Shultz, Cassaundra, additional, Metcalf, Rhonda A., additional, Hill, Jennifer L., additional, Oliver, Michelle R., additional, Ahmad, Basharat, additional, Azeem, Fouzal, additional, Rahim, Abdul, additional, Freeman, George H., additional, Bloch, Dawn, additional, Freeman, Heather, additional, Brown, Jamie, additional, Rosbach, Sarah, additional, Melander, Pamela, additional, Taralson, Nick, additional, Liu, Alex, additional, Harms, Katlyn, additional, Michale, Mahfouz, additional, Lopez, Jose, additional, Revoredo, Maria, additional, Edevane, Shari, additional, Shawley, Sarah, additional, Jackson, Timothy L., additional, Oliver, Michael J., additional, DeSalle, Dina, additional, Matlock, Patricia J., additional, Beraun, Ionna M., additional, Hendrix, Heather, additional, Bromley, Garrett, additional, Niemerski, Ashley, additional, Teran, Gabby, additional, Guerrero, Sonia, additional, Marvi, Murtaza, additional, Palanpurwala, Zehra, additional, Torres, Andrea, additional, Gloyd, Patty, additional, Conger, Michelle, additional, Laurent, Aziz, additional, Nayor, Olia, additional, Villanueva, Catalina S., additional, Khambati, Munira, additional, Mumford, Tabetha J., additional, Castillo, Melanie J., additional, Desta, Taddese, additional, Robinson, Jerome, additional, Woods, La Shawn, additional, Bahri, Anita, additional, Herrera, Nancy, additional, Casaclang, Cecilia, additional, Unger, Jeffrey R., additional, Martinez, Geraldine, additional, Moon, Mia K., additional, Mohaupt, Stephen M., additional, Sandoval, Larry, additional, Valenzuela, Louisito, additional, Ramirez, Victora, additional, Mata, Nelly, additional, Avila, Veronica, additional, Patino, Marisol, additional, Montano-Pereira, Cynthia, additional, Barnett, Omar, additional, Webster, William M., additional, Christensen, Lorraine M., additional, Bofman, Leighna, additional, Livingston, Melanie, additional, Adams, Stacey, additional, Hobbs, Joseph, additional, Koskela, Leesa, additional, Katz, Mia, additional, Mujica-Trenche, Samuel, additional, Cala, Franklin, additional, Rana, Noreen T., additional, Scarlett, Jennifer, additional, Cala Anaya, Milagros, additional, Jones, Marsha R., additional, Hollis, Kelly D., additional, Roth, Debbie, additional, Eads, Kristin, additional, Watts, Tina, additional, Perkins, Judy, additional, Arnold, Alice, additional, Ginsberg, Daniel C., additional, Quinn, Denise, additional, Cureton, Nicole, additional, Fittingoff, David B., additional, Iqbal, Mohammed I., additional, White, Stephen R., additional, Sisneros, Edith, additional, Ducca, Michelle, additional, Streja, David, additional, Campos, Danny, additional, Boak, Jennifer L., additional, Amir, Farzeen, additional, Anderson, Felice, additional, Kmetzo, James J., additional, Bongarzone, Mary O., additional, Scott, Dawn, additional, De Leon, Mary Grace, additional, Buda, Cynthia, additional, Graettinger, William, additional, Alex, Michelle, additional, Hess, Erika, additional, Govoni, James, additional, Bartel, Melissa, additional, Monchamp, Travis L., additional, Roach, Julie S., additional, Gibson, Sara, additional, Allfrey, Amy M., additional, Timpy, Kristen, additional, Bott, Kathy, additional, Soucy, Karin A., additional, Willis, Jean, additional, Valerio, Cecilia A., additional, Chunduri, Anusha, additional, Coker, Rebecca, additional, Vidrine, Nicole, additional, Thompson, Ellen A., additional, Studeny, Mark A., additional, Marcum, Melissa K., additional, Monway, Tammy S., additional, Kosmicki, Douglas L., additional, Kelley, Melissa J., additional, Godfrey, Corey M., additional, Krenk, Susan L., additional, Holcomb, Randy R., additional, Baehr, Deb K., additional, Trauernicht, Mary K., additional, Rowland Lowry, David, additional, Bondy Herts, Betty, additional, Phelps, Jeanne E, additional, Downing, Jean-Marie, additional, Gamer Dignon, Carol, additional, Cockrill, Elisabeth S., additional, Chapla, Pravinchandra G., additional, Fera, Diane, additional, Chang, Margaret, additional, Fredette, Patricia, additional, Ashby, Tamie, additional, Bergin, Renee, additional, Stearns, Zebediah A., additional, Ware, David B., additional, Boudreaux, Rachael M., additional, Rodriguez, Joanna, additional, McKenzie, Robert, additional, Huber, Amanda, additional, Sommers, Rebecca, additional, Rowe, Heather, additional, McLallen, Stacy, additional, Haynes, Michale, additional, Adamson, Ashley, additional, Henderson, Janice, additional, McClure, Lori, additional, Harris, Beverly A., additional, Ference, Laura, additional, Meissner-Dengler, Sue, additional, Treasure, Lisa, additional, Nicely, Doreen, additional, Light, Timothy L., additional, Osborn, Tracey A., additional, Mai, Kimberly J., additional, Vivas, Pablo, additional, Rios, Jose, additional, Rodriguez, Dunia, additional, DeRaad, Roger, additional, Walder, James, additional, Bailon, Oscar, additional, Hockett, Denice, additional, Anderson, Debbie, additional, McIntosh, Kelli, additional, Odegard, Amber, additional, Shepherd, Andrew, additional, Seifert, Mary, additional, Kelley, Laurence, additional, Shetty, Rajendra, additional, Castine, Michael, additional, Brill, David, additional, Fisher, Gregory, additional, Richmond, Nicole, additional, Gray, Kathleen, additional, Miller, Patricia, additional, Coneys, Charlene, additional, Chanza, Yarixa, additional, Sumoza, Monica, additional, Caudill, Victoria M., additional, Harris, Kelly D., additional, Manion, Courtney A., additional, Lineberger-Moore, Melody J., additional, Wolfe, Julie J., additional, Rosen, Barbara J., additional, DiVito, Patricia, additional, Moffat, Janet L., additional, Michaelis, Christina, additional, Koshy, Prashant, additional, Perea, Diana, additional, Al Yacoub, Ghaith, additional, Sadeghi, Stephanie, additional, LeGalley, Thomas D., additional, Evonich, Rudolph F., additional, Jean, William J., additional, Friesen, Gary M., additional, Pap, John M., additional, Pesola, David A., additional, Cowan, Mark D., additional, Dosh, Kristofer M., additional, Larson, Dianna, additional, Price, Adele M., additional, Nease, Jodi A., additional, Anderson, Jane E., additional, Piggott, Lori A., additional, Iwaoka, Robert, additional, Sharkey, Kevin, additional, McMillan, Edward, additional, Lowder, Laurie, additional, Morgan, Latisha, additional, Davis, Kyle, additional, Caldwell, Tara, additional, Breglio, Erica, additional, Summers, Jasmine, additional, Poulimas, Rachel, additional, Zahid, Muhammad, additional, Syed, Hamid, additional, Escobar, Maria, additional, Levy, Jacob, additional, Warsi, Rahma, additional, Ma, Carol, additional, Cen, Puxiao, additional, Cawthon, Kimberly A., additional, Barnes, Delores B., additional, Allen, Deanna G., additional, Warrington, Margaret L., additional, Stastny, Carol R., additional, Michaels, Robin J., additional, Saleh, Mohamad, additional, Sorin, John, additional, Rathod, Sunny, additional, Juett, Urakay, additional, Spencer, Steven, additional, Keval, Aziza, additional, McBride, Jill, additional, Young, Shane, additional, Baxter, Catherine, additional, Rasmussen, Carol, additional, Coxe, Shari L., additional, Campos, Luis, additional, Tavackoli, Shahin, additional, Beckham, Diana, additional, Sanchez, Darlynee, additional, Basrai, Karanjit, additional, Helms, Dorian, additional, Clinton, Erica, additional, Smith, Kasie, additional, Cusnir, Henry, additional, Klaus Clark, Mary, additional, Cherukuri, Madhavagopal V., additional, Scarfaru, Ameta, additional, Nash, Stephen D., additional, Grimm, Loretta C., additional, Grace, Anna, additional, McElheran, Kylie, additional, Subasic, Dino, additional, Buhay, Zedrick, additional, Litvinoff, Janet, additional, Shah, Deepak, additional, Cervantes, Shannon, additional, Usher, Freda, additional, Yasser, Farra, additional, Trusevich, Theodore, additional, Garcia, Ronnie L., additional, Wyatt, Jamison, additional, Bose, Rahul, additional, Miska, Holllilyn, additional, Spivey, Traci, additional, Wren, Amy B., additional, Vance, Katie E., additional, Holman, Lani L., additional, Gibbons, Pam, additional, Eby, Elaine, additional, Shepard, Sandra, additional, Charoenthongtrakul, Soratree, additional, Snodgrass, Brett, additional, Nazem, Mohammed, additional, Keteenburg, Shelly, additional, Murthy, Prathima, additional, Prater, Frederic, additional, Rumfelt, Ashley, additional, Eizensmits, Christina, additional, Iannuzzi, Lisa, additional, Patel, Pourus R., additional, Bergamino, Clellia, additional, McFeaters, Elizabeth, additional, Rizk, Botros, additional, Pflaum, Emiljia, additional, Kalish, Danny, additional, Ambatali, Rex, additional, Ameli, Mona, additional, Sanguinetti, Delaina, additional, Vaidya, Rakesh, additional, Broeders, Martinus A.W., additional, Henrikus, Dorman, additional, Kuijper, Adrianus F.M., additional, Al-Windy, Nadea, additional, Magro, Michael, additional, Hamraoui, Karim, additional, Aksoy, Ismail, additional, Vermeiren, Guy L.J., additional, Roeters van Lennep, H.W.O., additional, Hoedemaker, Gerard, additional, Remmen, Johannes Jacobus, additional, Bogaard, Kjell, additional, van der Heijden, Dirk, additional, Knufman, Nicole MJ, additional, Frederiks, Joost, additional, Louwerenburg, Johannes Willem, additional, van Rossum, Piet, additional, Milhous, Johannes, additional, van der Meer, Peter, additional, van der Weerdt, Arno, additional, Breedveld, Rob, additional, Keijzers, Mitran, additional, Hermans, Walter, additional, van de Wal, Ruud, additional, Zwart, Peter A.G., additional, van der Linden, Marc M.J.M., additional, Zwiers, Gerardus, additional, Boswijk, Dirk J., additional, Geert Tans, Jan, additional, van Eck, Jacob, additional, Hessen, Maarten V., additional, Hamer, Barnabas J.B., additional, Zoet-Nugteren, Stieneke, additional, Theunissen, Lucien, additional, van Beek, E.A., additional, Nijmeijer, Remco, additional, Nierop, Pieter R., additional, Linssen, Gerard, additional, Swart, H.P., additional, Lenderink, Timo, additional, Bartels, Gerard L., additional, den Hartog, Frank, additional, Berg van den, Brian J., additional, van Kempen, Wouter, additional, Kentgens, Susanne, additional, Rojas Lingan, Gloria M., additional, Peeters, Martinus M., additional, Keterberg, Hilligje, additional, Nierman, Melchior, additional, den Hollander, Annemieke K., additional, Hoogendijk, Jacqueline, additional, Voors-Pette, Christine, additional, Kose, Vicdan, additional, Viergever, Peter, additional, Yena, Larysa, additional, Syvolap, Viktor, additional, Kopytsya, Mykola P., additional, Barna, Olga, additional, Panina, Svitlana S., additional, Lutai, Mykhailo I., additional, Shershnyova, Oxana V., additional, Luzkiv, Iryna, additional, Bula, Larysa S., additional, Zotov, Sergii, additional, Vyjhovaniuk, Ivan, additional, Lysunets, Olena, additional, Koshlia, Volodymyr I., additional, Sydor, Nataliya, additional, Vayda, Myroslava F., additional, Ushakov, Olexiy, additional, Rishko, Mykola, additional, Shcherbak, Viktor P., additional, Svyshchenko, Yevgeniya, additional, Tseluyko, Vira, additional, Yagensky, Andriy, additional, Zolotaikina, Viktoriia I., additional, Godlevska, Olga, additional, Ivanova, Larysa, additional, Koval, Olena, additional, Mitchenko, Olena I., additional, Kardash, Galyna Y., additional, Rudyk, Yurii S., additional, Stanislavchuk, Mykola, additional, Ivanovych Volkov, Volodymyr, additional, Karlinskaya, Olena G., additional, Tykhonova, Susanna A., additional, Vatutin, Nikolay, additional, Smirnova, Ganna, additional, Kovalenko, Volodymyr M., additional, Lizogub, Viktor, additional, Sebov, Denys, additional, Dyadyk, Oleksandr, additional, Andrievskaya, Svetlana, additional, Krasko, Mykola P., additional, Parkhomenko, Alexander N., additional, Horbach, Lidiya, additional, Kupnovytska, Iryna G., additional, Pertseva, Tetyana, additional, Karpenko, Oleksandr, additional, Reshotko, Dmytro, additional, Zhurba, Svitlana V., additional, Rudenko, Leonid, additional, Yu Zharinova, Viktoriia, additional, Shatylo, Valerii B., additional, Karpenko, Yuriy I., additional, Orynchak, Mariya A., additional, Kameneva, Tatiana R., additional, Zherlitsina, Elena, additional, Alpenidze, Diana N., additional, Arutyunov, Grigoriy P., additional, Baranova, Elena, additional, Bart, Boris, additional, Belenkiy, Dmitriy I., additional, Boldueva, Svetlana A., additional, Demchenko, Elena A., additional, Eltishcheva, Vera V., additional, Gofman, Alexander M., additional, Goloshchekin, Boris M., additional, Gennadyevich Gordeev, Ivan, additional, Gratsianskiy, Nikolay, additional, Kamalov, Gadel, additional, Khasanov, Niyaz R., additional, Kholina, Irina M., additional, Kobalava, Zhanna D., additional, Kobeleva, Elena V., additional, Konradi, Alexandra O., additional, Kostenko, Victor A., additional, Dmitrievich Kuimov, Andrey, additional, Ermakova, Polina Y., additional, Malyutina, Sofia K., additional, Panov, Alexey V., additional, Polezhaeva, Natalia V., additional, Reshetko, Olga, additional, Shilkina, Nataliya P., additional, Shustov, Sergey B., additional, Smolyarchuk, Elena A., additional, Stryuk, Raisa I., additional, Yurievnar Solovieva, Elena, additional, Susekov, Andrey V., additional, Vezikova, Natalia, additional, Ivanova, Svetlana N., additional, Petrov, Alexander A., additional, Konstantinov, Vladimir O., additional, Agafina, Alina S., additional, Gurevich, Victor, additional, Zrazhevskiy, Konstantin N., additional, Supryadkina, Tatiana V., additional, Perepech, Nikita B., additional, Arkhipovskiy, Vadim L., additional, Yu Butko, Dmitry, additional, Zobenko, Irina A., additional, Orlikova, Olga V., additional, Mordovin, Viktor, additional, Barbarash, Olga L., additional, Lebedeva, Anastasiya, additional, Nosov, Vladimir, additional, Averkov, Oleg V., additional, Pavlikova, Elena P., additional, Karpov, Yuri B., additional, Lvovna Giorgadze, Marina, additional, Khrustalev, Oleg A., additional, Arkhipov, Mikhail, additional, Raskina, Tatiana A., additional, Shilko, Julia V., additional, Samoilova, Yulia, additional, Kosmacheva, Elena D., additional, Nedogoda, Sergey V., additional, Coetzee, Kathleen, additional, Burgess, Lesley J., additional, Theron, F.C.R., additional, Ebrahim, Iftikhar O., additional, Haasbroek, Gerbrand A., additional, Pretorius, Maria, additional, Trokis, Julien S., additional, Urbach, Dorothea V., additional, Abelson, Mark J., additional, Horak, Adrian R., additional, Badat, Aysha E., additional, Makotoko, Ellen M., additional, Du Toit Theron, Hendrik, additional, Ramlachan, Padaruth, additional, Corbett, Clive H., additional, Mitha, Ismail H., additional, Nortje, Hendrik F.M., additional, Jansen van Rensburg, Dirkie J., additional, Sebastian, Peter J., additional, Bester, F.C.J., additional, van Zyl, Louis J., additional, Rayner, Brian L., additional, Błach, Elżbieta, additional, Dąbrowska, Magda, additional, Kania, Grzegorz, additional, Kelm-Warchol, Agata E., additional, Kinasz, Leszek P., additional, Korecki, Janusz, additional, Kruk, Mariusz, additional, Laskowska-Derlaga, Ewa, additional, Madej, Andrzej, additional, Saminski, Krzysztof, additional, Wasilewska, Katarzyna, additional, Szymkowiak, Katarzyna, additional, Wojciechowska, Małgorzata, additional, Piorowska, Natalia, additional, Dyczek, Andrzej, additional, Abhaichand, Rajpal K., additional, Byrapaneni, Ramesh B., additional, Hattur, Basavanagowdappa, additional, Bhaskara Rao, Malipeddi, additional, Ghaisas, Nitin, additional, Shankar Kadam, Sujit, additional, Gupta, Jugal B., additional, Jayadev, Santhosh M., additional, Kothiwale, V.A., additional, Mathur, Atul, additional, Bhaskar, Vijay, additional, Aluri, Ravi K., additional, Ponangi, Udaya P., additional, Sarna, Mukesh K., additional, Sathe, Sunil, additional, Sharma, Manish K., additional, Singh Sawhney, Jilendra Pal, additional, Keshavamurthy, Chakrabhavi B., additional, Srinivas, Arun, additional, Thacker, Hemant P., additional, Sharda, A., additional, Joseph, Johny, additional, Dwivedi, Sunil, additional, Mohan, Viswanathan, additional, Premchand, Rajendra K., additional, Bedard, Jacques, additional, Bergeron, Jean, additional, Collette, Ronald, additional, Crowley, David, additional, Dumas, Richard, additional, Henein, Sam, additional, Moran, Geoff, additional, O’Mahony, William F., additional, O’Mahony, Michael, additional, Chan, Sammy, additional, Sherman, Mark H., additional, Wong, Graham C., additional, Carlson, Brian D., additional, Gupta, Milan K., additional, Borts, David, additional, Peterson, Sean R., additional, Chilvers, Martyn, additional, Kelly, Allan J., additional, Gregoire, Jean C., additional, Kouz, Simon, additional, Rodés Cabau, Josep, additional, Andor, Minodora, additional, Cinteza, Mircea, additional, Ciudin, Radu, additional, Cojan, Radu I., additional, Darabont, Roxana O., additional, Dumitrascu, Dan-Lucian, additional, Fierbinteanu-Braticievici, Carmen, additional, Fruntelata, Ana Gabriela, additional, Militaru, Constantin, additional, Minescu, Bogdon E., additional, Luminita Serban, Doina, additional, Mitu, Florin, additional, Nastase Melicovici, Dorel, additional, Petrascu, Ovidiu, additional, Pirvu, Octavian M., additional, Podoleanu, Cristian, additional, Pop, Calin, additional, Stanescu-Cioranu, Rodica-Valentina V., additional, Tase, Adrian, additional, Voiculet, Cristina, additional, Aroney, Constantine N., additional, Dart, Anthony M., additional, Davis, Timothy, additional, Kostner, Karam, additional, O’Neal, David N., additional, Purnell, Peter W., additional, Singh, Bhuwanendu B., additional, Sullivan, David R., additional, Thompson, Peter, additional, Watts, Gerald F., additional, Blenkhorn, Adam F., additional, Amerena, John V., additional, Samie, Rafeeq, additional, Hendriks, Randall, additional, Proietto, Joseph, additional, Petrovsky, Nikolai, additional, Whelan, Alan, additional, Colquhoun, David, additional, Scott, Russell S., additional, Young, Simon C., additional, Pegg, Tammy, additional, Wilson, Samuel JS, additional, Hamer, Andrew W., additional, Luke, Richard A., additional, Hart, Hamish H., additional, Devlin, Gerard P., additional, Wilkins, Gerard T., additional, Ternouth, Ian F., additional, Nandra, Samraj, additional, Loeprich, Bruno S., additional, McGrath, Nicole, additional, Tie, Stuart L., additional, Bos, Rob J., additional, Wils, Alexandra, additional, Jacobs, Tamara, additional, Badings, Erik A., additional, Ebels-Tuinbeek, Lillian A., additional, Scholten, Mayke L., additional, Bayraktar-Verver, Esther, additional, Zweers, Debby, additional, Schiks, Manoek, additional, Kalkman, Carolien, additional, Tiemes, Tineke, additional, Mulderij, Jeanette, additional, Dabrowska, Katarzyna, additional, Wijnakker, Wilma, additional, Van de Loo, Riny, additional, de Graauw, Jeanne, additional, Reijnierse, Giny, additional, van der Zeijst, Mirjam, additional, Scholten, Mariska, additional, Hofmeijer, Henk R., additional, van Dijk-van der Zanden, Antoinette, additional, van Belle, Dineke J., additional, Van Es, Jan, additional, Van Buchem, Gera, additional, Zijda, Wendy, additional, Verheij, Harald, additional, Oldenhof-Janssen, Linnea, additional, Bader, Martina, additional, Löwik, Marije, additional, Stuij, Sandra, additional, Vantrimpont, Pascal, additional, van Aken, Krista, additional, Hamilton, Karen, additional, Blömer, Han, additional, van Laerhoven, Gabriela, additional, Tukkie, Raymond, additional, Janssen, Maarten, additional, Verdel, Gerard, additional, Funke Küpper, Jon, additional, van Vlies, Bob, additional, Kalkman, Caroline, additional, Vooges, Joke, additional, Vermaas, Marinella, additional, Langenberg, Rachel, additional, Haenen, Niek, additional, Smeets, Frans, additional, Scheepmaker, Arko, additional, Grosfeld, Marcel, additional, Van Lieshout, Ilvy, additional, van den Berg, Marleen, additional, Wittekoek, Marian, additional, Mol, Petra, additional, Stapel, Antionette, additional, Sierevogel, Margaretha, additional, van der Ven, Nancy, additional, Berkelmans, Annemiek, additional, Viergever, Eric, additional, Kramer, Hanneke, additional, Engelen, Wilma, additional, Houwelingen, Karen V., additional, Wildbergh, Thierry X., additional, Mosterd, Arend, additional, Hobé-Rap, Coriet, additional, van Doorn, Marjan, additional, Bunschoten, Petra, additional, Freericks, Michel, additional, Emans, Mireille, additional, Den Boer-Penning, Petra, additional, Verlek, Els, additional, Freericks, Christine, additional, de Nooijer, Cornelis, additional, Welten, Christina, additional, Groenenberg, Ingrid, additional, van der Horst, Claudia, additional, Vonk, Esther, additional, Tjeerdsma, Geert, additional, Jochemsen, Gerard M., additional, van Daalen, Corinne, additional, Danse, Ingrid Y., additional, Kuipers, Lucy, additional, Pieterse, Anke, additional, Oomen, Antonius, additional, de Waard, Daan, additional, Jan Flu, Willem, additional, Kromhout, Zusan, additional, Van der Bij, Petra, additional, Feld, Rob, additional, Hessels-Linnemeijer, Brigitta, additional, Lardinois, Rob, additional, Posma, Jan L., additional, Aukema-Wouda, Zwanette R., additional, Hendriks-van Woerden, Marjolijn, additional, van Wijk, Desiree, additional, Beelen, Driek P., additional, Hendriks, Ingrid H., additional, Jonker, Jan J., additional, Schipperen, Stefanie, additional, Köse, Vicdan, additional, Rojas, Gloria, additional, Goedhart, Linda, additional, van Meurs, Hanneke, additional, Rijssemus, Jacqueline, additional, Swinkels-Diepenmaat, Lindy, additional, de Louw-Jansen, Marloes, additional, Bierens-Peters, Dominique, additional, van Kempen, Willem W., additional, Wittekoek, Marianne E., additional, Agous, Irmaina, additional, Schenk, Geert, additional, Wittekoek, Janneke, additional, Cox, Kevin, additional, Julia, Deborah F., additional, Jonker, Jan J.C., additional, Janssen, Roel, additional, Nierman, Melchor, additional, Katerberg, Hilligje, additional, van der Haar, Irene, additional, Van Kempen, Willem W., additional, van Mesdag, Taco, additional, Alvarez Costa, Leyda M., additional, Schensema, Manon, additional, Zweekhorst, Salomé, additional, Font Julia, Deborah, additional, Hanewinckel, Lauri, additional, Olsthoorn, Joyce, additional, Berends, Johan C., additional, van der Spek, Arie C., additional, van der Berg, Roy, additional, Timmermann, Rob J., additional, Boerema, Ingrid, additional, Mudruk, Iryna, additional, Khrystoforova, Anna, additional, Kyselov, Serhii, additional, Hilova, Yaroslava V., additional, Logoida, Pavlo, additional, Sanina, Nataliia A., additional, Golikova, Ilona P., additional, Nemchyna, Olena O., additional, Isaichikov, Ivan I., additional, Potapova, Olga B., additional, Gura, Iurii V., additional, Berestetska, Larysa, additional, Kulianda, Olena O., additional, Tantsura, Oleksandr, additional, Kulbachuk, Oleksandr S., additional, Petsentiy, Volodymyr, additional, Biskub, Ihor, additional, Handych, Tetyana, additional, Lagkuti, Oleg, additional, Gagarina, Alyna, additional, Chendey, Taras, additional, Bilonko, Oksana F., additional, Matova, Olena, additional, Bezrodna, Larysa, additional, Yarynkina, Olena, additional, Ovdiienko, Tetiana, additional, Randchenko, Volodymyr, additional, Mospan, Maryna, additional, Butko, Olena, additional, Romanenko, Olga, additional, Pavelko, Mykhailo, additional, Sichkaruk, Iryna, additional, Lazareva, Svitlana O., additional, Kudryk, Olena A., additional, Koltsun, Inessa M., additional, Magdalits, Tetiana, additional, Zadorozhniy, Sergei, additional, Kompaniiets, Kira, additional, Ivanov, Andrii, additional, Romanenko, Sergiy, additional, Kaplan, Pavlo, additional, Romanov, Vadym Y., additional, Mykytyuk, Oksana P., additional, Zaitseva, Nataliia S., additional, Pyvovar, Sergiy N., additional, Burdeuna, Lyudmyla, additional, Serdobinska, Emerita, additional, Shevchenko, Tatiana I., additional, Ivanytskyi, Igor I., additional, Khyzhnyak, Olena V., additional, Kalinkina, Nataliya, additional, Keting, Olena, additional, Sklyanna, Olena, additional, Kashanska, Olga, additional, Shevelok, Anna, additional, Khristichenko, Marina, additional, Titov, Ievgenii Y., additional, Oleksander, Danilenko O., additional, Polenova, Nataliia S., additional, Altunina, Nataliia, additional, Kororaieva, Viktoriia, additional, Zborovskiy, Stanislav, additional, Kholopov, Leonid, additional, Suliman, Iurii, additional, Lukashenko, Lanna, additional, Shvaykin, Stanislav, additional, Glavatskiy, Olexandr M., additional, Sychov, Roman O., additional, Kulynych, Roman L., additional, Skarzhevskyi, Oleksandr A., additional, Dovgan, Nataliia V., additional, Horbach, Marta, additional, Cherkasova, Olga, additional, Tyshchenko, Iryna, additional, Todoriuk, Liudmyla, additional, Kizim, Svitlana, additional, Brodi, Nataliia, additional, Ivanko, Oleksandr, additional, Garbarchuk, Olga, additional, Alieksieieva, Liudmyla, additional, Shandra, Tetiana L., additional, Beregova, Olena, additional, Bodretska, Larisa An, additional, Naskalova, Svitlana S., additional, Antoniuk-Shcheglova, Ivanna A., additional, Bondarenko, Olena V., additional, Andreeva, Natalia G., additional, Vakalyuk, Iryna I., additional, Chovganyuk, Olha S., additional, Artemenko, Nataliya R., additional, Maltsev, Kiril A., additional, Kalishevich, Natalia, additional, Kondratyeva, Natalia G., additional, Nikitina, Svetlana A., additional, Martjanova, Maria V., additional, Sokolova, Anna V., additional, Dragunov, Dmitrii O., additional, Kolesnik, Olga, additional, Larina, Vera, additional, Tsygankova, Oxana V., additional, Ivanova, Maria, additional, Karpov, Illia A., additional, Aronova, Elena M., additional, Vedernikova, Ekaterina S., additional, Lubinskaya, Ekaterina I., additional, Burak, Taras Y., additional, Skichko, Sergey I., additional, Rasulev, Farhad, additional, Soldatova, Ekaterina B., additional, Fenin, Alexander L., additional, Laptev, Ilya I., additional, Luchinkina, Elena E., additional, Akatov, Alexandr, additional, Polenova, Natalia V., additional, Slavina, Natalia N., additional, Korovnika, Irina N., additional, Yu Prochorova, Marina, additional, Shakirova, Regina, additional, Andreicheva, Elena N., additional, Krasnova, Olga A., additional, Lobzhanidze, Tinatin V., additional, Dmitrova, Tatiana B., additional, Stakhiv, Viktoriya V., additional, Pechatnikova, Maria I., additional, Panova, Alexandra V., additional, Tipikina, Maria Y., additional, Rotar, Oxana P., additional, Bokovin, Nikolay A., additional, Karabalieva, Saule K., additional, Tumarov, Farid Y., additional, Vasileva, Elena V., additional, Gennadevna Lozhkina, Natalya, additional, Filippova, Ekaterina V., additional, Sharkaeva, Alisa I., additional, Filippova Deilik, Ekanerina V., additional, Yu Tolkacheva, Natalia, additional, Domracheva, Elena N., additional, Ryabikov, Andrey N., additional, Abesadze, Inga T., additional, Alugishvili, Marianna Z., additional, Nikolaeva, Elena P., additional, Smirnova, Nadezda V., additional, Rodionova, Valentina I., additional, Dolovstaya, Polina V., additional, Yunonin, Igor E., additional, Kadin, Sergey V., additional, Sveklina, Tatyana S., additional, Bushmanova, Anna V., additional, Barkova, Elena L., additional, Gomova, Irina S., additional, Brytkova, Yana V., additional, Ivanova, Tatiana B., additional, Zubareva, Marina Y., additional, Skopets, Inga, additional, Galashevskaya, Lybov A., additional, Butinskaya, Emilia D., additional, Gusarova, Olga G., additional, Kalishevich, Natalia B., additional, Pavlova, Yana R., additional, Serebrenitskaya, Marianna P, additional, Grygorieva, Vitalina F., additional, Kuchaeva, Gulnara R., additional, Vasileva, Inna A., additional, Ospanova, Gulnara I., additional, Vahrusheva, Yulia V., additional, Semenova, Irina A., additional, Mikhailova, Irina E.E., additional, Kvasova, Olga O., additional, Shurygina, Valeria D., additional, Rivin, Alexey E., additional, Savelyev, Alexey O., additional, Savelyev, Alexey A., additional, Milyaeva, Olesya O., additional, Lapshina, Nadezhda N., additional, Lantsova, Ninel A., additional, Alexandrov, Pavel V., additional, Orlikov, Evgeniy A., additional, Falkovskaya, Alla, additional, Ripp, Tatiana, additional, Triss, Sergei, additional, Pekarskiy, Stanislav, additional, Ekaterina, Sitkova, additional, Zhuravleva, Evgeniya N., additional, Perova, Olga, additional, Kovaleva, Galina, additional, Koroleva, Liubov, additional, Mishchenko, Lydia, additional, Garshin, Boris P., additional, Kutuzova, Svetlana A., additional, Provotorova, Lyudmila I., additional, Zadvorny, Igor P., additional, Okhapkina, Olga V., additional, Khrustalev, Anatoly O., additional, Suvorova, Tatiana, additional, Shaf, Elena S., additional, Vershinina, Varvara A., additional, Kozulin, Andrey A., additional, Oleynik, Oxana A., additional, Martynova, Irina Y., additional, Kizhvatova, Natalia V., additional, Salasyuk, Alla S., additional, Tsoma, Vera V., additional, Ledyaeva, Alla A., additional, Chumachek, Elena V., additional, Blignaut, S.C., additional, Alexander, Tersia Y., additional, Du Plessis, Chano, additional, Govender, Thirumani, additional, Du Toit, Samatha M., additional, Motala, Leya, additional, Gassiep, Areesh, additional, Naude (Smit), Christina, additional, Terblanche, Marli, additional, Snoer (Kruger), Marlien, additional, Pillay, Berenice, additional, Basson, De Vries, additional, Theron, Marisa E., additional, Fouche, Bianca, additional, Coetzee, Mareli E., additional, Odendall, Pieter, additional, Van Wijk, Frederik H., additional, Conradie, Anna-Mari, additional, Van der Westhuizen, Trudie, additional, Tredoux, Carine, additional, Mookdam, Mohamed S., additional, Van der Merwe, Andie J., additional, Snyman, Karin, additional, Smal, Gerda, additional, De Jager, Yvonne, additional, Mabin, Thomas A., additional, King, Annusca, additional, Henley, Lindy L., additional, Zwane, Brenda M., additional, Robinson, Jane, additional, Karsten, Marinda, additional, Page, Andonia M., additional, Nsabiyumva, Valerie, additional, Krahenbuhl, Charmaine, additional, Patel, Jaiprakash D., additional, Motala, Yunus E., additional, Dawood, Ayesha, additional, Koza, Nondumiso B., additional, Peters, Lenore M.S., additional, Ramlachan, Shavashni, additional, Bodenstein, Wilhelm J., additional, Roux, Pierre, additional, Fouche, Lizelle, additional, Boshoff, Cecilia M., additional, Mitha, Haroon M., additional, Khan, Fathima, additional, Cyster, Henry P., additional, Cyster, Helen, additional, Wessels, E. C., additional, Jacobs, Florence J., additional, Sebastian, Melanie A., additional, Sebastian, Deborah A., additional, Mahomed, Nadia, additional, Immink, Ignatius P., additional, Cotzee, Celia, additional, Cronje, Tanja, additional, Roscher, Madele, additional, Le Roux, Maria, additional, Trinder, Yvonne A., additional, Wnętrzak-Michalska, Renata, additional, Piszczek, Magdalena, additional, Piela, Andrzej, additional, Czernecka, Ewa, additional, Knychas, Dorota, additional, Walczak, Alina, additional, Gładysz, Izabella, additional, Filas, Katarzyna, additional, Kiluk, Ewelina, additional, Świgło, Krzysztof, additional, Jędrzejczyk, Iwona, additional, Łuczyńska, Kamila, additional, Tymendorf, Katarzyna, additional, Piesiewicz, Wojciech, additional, Kinasz, Wojciech L., additional, Samborski, Stefan, additional, Bartuś, Ilona, additional, Latocha Korecka, Gramzyna, additional, Gulaj, Ewa, additional, Sopa, Jolanta, additional, Derlaga, Bogusław, additional, Baisiak, Marcin, additional, Kowalisko, Allicia, additional, Stainszewska-Marasazlek, Edyta, additional, Szafran, Bartosz, additional, Swiatkiewicz, Malgorzata, additional, Racewicz, Artur, additional, Grycel, Sławomir, additional, Supronik, Jerzy, additional, Walendziuk, Sylwia, additional, Tarantowicz, Magdalena, additional, Stasiak, Agata, additional, Sidorowicz-Białynicka, Anna, additional, Dwojak, Marek, additional, Jaźwińska-Tarnawska, Ewa, additional, Kupczyk, Katarzyna, additional, Martowska, Kamila, additional, Kulon, Kamila, additional, Gajda, Katarzyna, additional, Wilson, Bivin, additional, Velusamy, Krithika, additional, Sadhiq, Swaidha S., additional, Siddeshi, Bhavani, additional, Bhanukumar, M., additional, Srivatsav, Abhishek, additional, Ramesh, Madhan, additional, Harsha Chalasani, Sri, additional, Johnson, Mini, additional, Gopu, Prashanth, additional, George, Jeesa, additional, Reddy, Sowmya, additional, Thara Eleena, Swetha Tessy, additional, Rao Kodem, Damodara, additional, Nakkella, Haritha N., additional, Kumari Mandula, Padma, additional, Kumar Vuriya, Anjan, additional, Rajana, Syamala, additional, Kale, Aruna, additional, Rajeev, Tiwari, additional, Jain, Raina, additional, Jain, Vipin, additional, Mandayam Adhyapak, Srilakshmi, additional, Sheeba, Lumin, additional, C R, Uma, additional, R, Ramya, additional, Kulkarni, Aditya V., additional, Ganachari, M.S., additional, Sambrekar, Ruma, additional, Bilal, Mohammad, additional, Chakravarthy, Kalyan, additional, Badhavath, Ravi, additional, Kumar, Sravan, additional, Simhadri, Meenakshi, additional, Salamuddin, Farooque, additional, Prasad, Venkat, additional, Dwivedi, Vivek, additional, Sarna, Sudha, additional, Arora, Tilak, additional, Chawla, Deepak, additional, Sathe, Archana, additional, Gayatree, Chaware, additional, Nanda, Ajeet, additional, Avtar, Ram, additional, Sharma, Jyoti, additional, P S, Vaibhavi, additional, D, Sasirekha, additional, Kobbajji, Deepthi, additional, Ningappa, Ramya, additional, Shree, Shwetha, additional, K, Chandrashekar, additional, M R, Nandini, additional, S, Sowjanya, additional, I G, Devika, additional, N, Yashaswini, additional, G, Sonika, additional, L, Rathna, additional, R, Priyanka, additional, Shrimanker, Rupal J., additional, Vinutha Reddy, Lakshmi, additional, Sumathi, K., additional, Devi, Babitha, additional, Naik, Bina N., additional, Manjunath, Rohini, additional, Ashok, Rajeshwari, additional, Kunjumon, Tony V., additional, Thomas, Jesline, additional, Samdhani, Shaik, additional, Selvam, Kasthuri, additional, Subramani, Poongothai, additional, Parthasarathy, Nandakumar, additional, Bohra, Nirmal K., additional, Gatla, Anvesh K., additional, Horbatuk, Cheryl, additional, Sills, Julie, additional, Davey, E B., additional, Paramonczyk, Liz, additional, Racanelli, Olga, additional, Strybosch, Sandy, additional, Belanger, Andre, additional, Palardy, Jean, additional, Schiffrin, Alicia, additional, Gauthier, Sylvie, additional, Kalyniuk, Norman, additional, Whatley, Shawn D., additional, Lappala, Heather, additional, Patel, Grishma, additional, Reeve, Matthew, additional, Moran, Catherine, additional, Everitt, Jody, additional, Ferrari, Teresa, additional, Bouffard, Christine, additional, Frohlich, Jirir, additional, Francis, Gordon, additional, Mancini, John, additional, Bondy, Gregory, additional, DeAngelis, Debbie, additional, Fulton, Patricia, additional, Blank, David W., additional, Lombardo, Angela, additional, Roy, Mylène, additional, Chow, Jackie, additional, Fox, Hyman, additional, Grootendorst, William J., additional, Hutchinson, Angela, additional, Chan, Sharon M., additional, Fitzgerald, Christie, additional, Wilkins, Lynn, additional, Raymond, Rebecca L., additional, Reyes, Arlene, additional, Marc André, Lavoie, additional, Fortin, Denis, additional, Ouimet, Hélène, additional, Tôn-Nu, Thanh-Thao, additional, Dussureault, Martine, additional, Blain, Marie-Hélène, additional, Roy, Madeleine, additional, Kopajko, Nathalie, additional, Fleury, Chantal, additional, Maheux, Karine, additional, Ciobotaru, Gabriela Valentina, additional, Constantinescu, Maria C., additional, Gherghinescu, Carmen-Lucia, additional, Avram, Ana-Maria, additional, Manitiu, Ioan, additional, Sinpetrean, Aura, additional, Pop, Lucian, additional, Lupu, Delia, additional, Usvat, Radu, additional, Petrisor, Ana, additional, Dumitru, Nicoleta, additional, Moruju, Camelia, additional, Gheorghita, Adelina, additional, Mitu, Magda V., additional, Macarie, Cosmin, additional, Pop, Ana Maria, additional, Diaconu, Maria-Catalina, additional, Grancea, Iulia, additional, Cosma, Mihaela, additional, Crisan, Mihaela, additional, Herron, Elizabeth, additional, Nestel, Paul, additional, Kay, Sally B., additional, Carter, Kaye S., additional, Badshah, Imran, additional, Makepeace, Ashley, additional, Drinkwater, Jocelyn, additional, England, Michelle, additional, Rafei, Azette, additional, Patterson, Kylie, additional, Jenkins, Alicia, additional, McAuley, Sybil, additional, Kent, Sue M., additional, Vibert, Joy E., additional, Perrett, Leonie, additional, David, Thomas, additional, Kaye, Samantha L., additional, O’Connor, Monika, additional, Perera, Nimalie J., additional, Lai, Nicole T., additional, Kearins, Kerry A., additional, Dicamillo, Christinia, additional, Anderson, Heather, additional, Ferguson, Louise, additional, Radtke, Sharon D., additional, Thamarappillil, Charles T., additional, Boys, Janice M., additional, Long, Anita K., additional, Shanahan, Toni, additional, Nyguyen, Michael, additional, Forrest, Nicole, additional, Tulloch, Gill, additional, Greenwell, Della, additional, Price, Sarah L., additional, Tint, Aye N., additional, Sumithran, Priya K., additional, Debreceni, Tamara L., additional, Walker, Lisa, additional, Caruana, Mary, additional, Edwards, Kira, additional, Stathopoulos, Maria, additional, Haywood, Cilla, additional, Sajkov, Dimitar, additional, Pringle, Sharen, additional, Tabner, Anne, additional, Bartolay, Kathrina, additional, Abeyratne, Chamindi, additional, Bragg, Kylie, additional, Mulhern, Patrick, additional, Purnell, Peter, additional, Williams, Lyn, additional, Hamlyn, Jane, additional, Connelly, Aurelia, additional, Hoffman, Jan, additional, Bailey, Samantha, additional, Kerr, Jane, additional, Morrison, Zarnia, additional, Maeder, Sarah, additional, McEwan, Roberta, additional, Kunasekera, Prasanna, additional, McGregor, Patrice, additional, Young, Jo, additional, Berry, Sharon, additional, Cutfield, Rick, additional, Choe, Michelle, additional, McNamara, Catherine, additional, Shergill, Narrinder K., additional, Crone, Petra, additional, Williams, Miles G., additional, Dyson, Keith, additional, Schmid, Diana H., additional, Doak, Audrey C., additional, Spooner, Melissa, additional, Edwards, Colin, additional, Turner, Anne, additional, McAnnalley, Grainne M., additional, Fisher, Raewyn A., additional, Hamilton, Fraser B., additional, Friedlander, Denis H., additional, Kirk, Melissa R., additional, Scales, Jayne E., additional, McLelland, Marguerite A., additional, Dalman, Neelam A., additional, Vickers, Cathy E., additional, Jackson, Carolyn, additional, Coleman, Wendy, additional, Garden, Phillip I., additional, and Arnold, Wendy F., additional

Published
2021
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37. Differential impact of a dyskeratosis congenita mutation in TPP1 on mouse hematopoiesis and germline

Author

Graniel, Jacqueline V, primary, Bisht, Kamlesh, additional, Friedman, Ann, additional, White, James, additional, Perkey, Eric, additional, Vanderbeck, Ashley, additional, Moroz, Alina, additional, Carrington, Léolène J, additional, Brandstadter, Joshua D, additional, Allen, Frederick, additional, Shami, Adrienne Niederriter, additional, Thomas, Peedikayil, additional, Crayton, Aniela, additional, Manzor, Mariel, additional, Mychalowych, Anna, additional, Chase, Jennifer, additional, Hammoud, Saher S, additional, Keegan, Catherine E, additional, Maillard, Ivan, additional, and Nandakumar, Jayakrishnan, additional

Published
2021
Full Text
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39. Differential impact of a dyskeratosis congenita mutation in TPP1 on mouse hematopoiesis and germline

Author

Graniel, Jacqueline V., primary, Bisht, Kamlesh, additional, Friedman, Ann, additional, White, James, additional, Perkey, Eric, additional, Vanderbeck, Ashley, additional, Moroz, Alina, additional, Carrington, Léolène J., additional, Brandstadter, Joshua D., additional, Allen, Frederick, additional, Shami, Adrienne Niederriter, additional, Thomas, Peedikayil, additional, Crayton, Aniela, additional, Manzor, Mariel, additional, Mychalowych, Anna, additional, Chase, Jennifer, additional, Hammoud, Saher S., additional, Keegan, Catherine E., additional, Maillard, Ivan, additional, and Nandakumar, Jayakrishnan, additional

Published
2021
Full Text
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44. Differential impact of a dyskeratosis congenita mutation in TPP1 on mouse hematopoiesis and germline.

Author

Graniel, Jacqueline V., Bisht, Kamlesh, Friedman, Ann, White, James, Perkey, Eric, Vanderbeck, Ashley, Moroz, Alina, Carrington, Léolène J., Brandstadter, Joshua D., Allen, Frederick, Shami, Adrienne Niederriter, Thomas, Peedikayil, Crayton, Aniela, Manzor, Mariel, Mychalowych, Anna, Chase, Jennifer, Hammoud, Saher S., Keegan, Catherine E., Maillard, Ivan, and Nandakumar, Jayakrishnan

Published
2022
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45. The Sibling's Perspective: Experiences of Having a Brother or Sister with an Intellectual Disability and Behaviour Described as Challenging

Author

Chase, Jennifer and McGill, Peter

Abstract

Purpose\ud \ud Siblings of individuals with disabilities provide the most long-term care for an individual with disabilities, yet research on their experiences is limited. A majority of previous research focuses on young siblings from a parent’s viewpoint. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of having a sibling with a disability and behaviour described as challenging from adult siblings’ perspectives.\ud Design/methodology/approach\ud \ud Six adult siblings of individuals with intellectual disabilities and behaviour described as challenging were interviewed about their responsibilities pertaining to their sibling, family relationships and the support that had been provided. The study used semi-structured interview methodology based on interview questions from previous research.\ud Findings\ud \ud Siblings described a multifaceted impact on their lives. They attributed aspects of their career choices, personal characteristics and family dynamics to having a sibling with a disability and behaviour that challenges. Siblings stressed the inadequate support that they have received throughout their lives. They are, in a sense, the invisible carers for their sibling but they are perceived by society as just a sibling. Siblings described an optimistic perspective on their lives, even though they expressed the difficulties that they have faced.\ud Research limitations/implications\ud \ud Due to the recruitment process and limited demographic of the participants, the findings may not be generalisable to the general population of siblings of individuals with disabilities. Further research should focus on a broader population.\ud Practical implications\ud \ud This study reinforces the need for more support for siblings of individuals with disabilities in childhood and in adulthood.\ud Originality/value\ud \ud This paper provides perspectives of individuals that have not been fully represented in previous research.

Published
2019

47. Food chat: What else can I do with cardamom, coriander?

Author

Chase, Jennifer

Subjects
Food preparation -- Methods, Citrus, Containers, Seeds, General interest, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

Byline: Jennifer Chase Each week, The Washington Post's food section staff fields questions about all things food at live.washingtonpost.com. Here are edited excerpts from that chat. Recipes whose names are [...]

Published
2019

48. McCarthy v. Wheeler: double jeopardy for domestic violence victims?

Author

Chase, Jennifer

Subjects
Family violence -- Cases, Double jeopardy -- Laws, regulations and rules, Victims of crimes -- Laws, regulations and rules, Restraining orders -- Laws, regulations and rules, McCarthy v. Wheeler (152 N.H. 643 (2005)), Company legal issue, Government regulation
Published
2006

49. Food Chat: Questions about GF latkes, leftover cranberries and bread cookbooks

Author

Chase, Jennifer

Subjects
Recipes, Cooking, Cookbooks, Bread, General interest, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

Byline: Jennifer ChaseEach week, we field questions about all things food at live.washingtonpost.com. Here are edited excerpts from that chat. Recipes whose names are capitalized can be found in our [...]

Published
2018

50. In vivo regulation of rat muscle glycogen resynthesis after intense exercise

Author

Bloch, Gilles, Chase, Jennifer R., Meyer, David B., Avison, Malcom J., Shulman, Gerald I., and Shulman, Robert G.

Subjects
Glycogen -- Synthesis, Rats -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Control of post exercise in vivo glycogen synthesis rate in rat muscle depends equally on phosphorylation, establishing ratio of glycogen synthase I to glycogen synthase I and D and allosteric regulation of glycogen synthase by glucose 6-phosphate (G-6-P). This is evident from the application of in vivo 13C and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to time courses of the glycogen synthesis rate and of G-6-P concentration following an electrically induced exercise in the anesthetized rat gastrocnemius.

Published
1994

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