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An updated checklist of Mozambican marine brachyuran crabs is generated based on an exhaustive revision of the existing literature, together with the additional records provided by the specimens collected throughout the three “MOZAMBIQUE” surveys carried out in Mozambican waters during three consecutive years (2007–2009) by the Instituto Español de Oceanografía, (Spanish Institute of Oceanography, IEO). A total of 269 species, grouped in 15 superfamilies, 26 families and 172 genera are reported in the checklist, and a detailed inventory is produced with the list and remarks about the brachyuran species collected. Thirty-nine crab species belonging to 19 families were identified based on morphological characteristics and/or genetic tools. DNA barcode sequences (16S rRNA and/or COI) were obtained for 37 species, including 16S and COI sequences that are new for 26 and 14 species, respectively. Colour photographs of fresh specimens illustrate the comments about most species, being the first time that the original colour pattern is described for some of them. New records in Mozambican waters are reported for the species Paromolopsis boasi, Mursia aspera, Carcinoplax ischurodous, Tanaoa pustulosus, Euclosiana exquisita, Oxypleurodon difficilis, Naxioides robillardi, Samadinia galathea, Cyrtomaia gaillardi, Paramaja gibba, Pleistacantha ori, Parathranites granosus, Parathranites orientalis, Ovalipes iridescens and Charybdis smithii, and second records for Moloha alcocki, Samadinia pulchra and Charybdis africana. In addition, Raninoides crosnieri, S. galathea and P. ori were collected for the first time after their descriptions. The female of Samadinia galathea is described for the first time, and a potential new species of Mursia is reported. Some records expand the known bathymetric range of certain species and/or their general distribution. New molecular and morphological data suggest the necessity of the revision of P. boasi, R. crosnieri, C. africana and the genera Platymaia and Carcinoplax. The variability and taxonomic validity of some morphological characters in brachyuran systematic is discussed.

In the speech of Aeneas that follows his arrival in Africa (Aen. I, 198-207), the mention of Scylla and Charybdis, which is absent in the Homeric model, could be regarded as an allusion to a different version of the errores. The Danieline addition ad Aen. I, 198, the frequent connection between the overcoming of the strait’s dangers and the storm leading the Trojans to Carthage, and the comparison with the route of the exiles in Ovid’s ‘little Aeneid’ suggests that ll. 200-201 may contain an echo of the Bellum Poenicum, as proposed by D’Anna for ll. 204-206.

In 1792 foreigners flocked to France to participate in the new republican regime, redefining the nation as the conduct of popular sovereignty. A number of American, British, and Irish foreigners formed a club in Paris, the Society of the Friends of the Rights of Man (Société des Amis des Droits de l'Homme), among whom Irish republicans were a key component. Eager to “revolutionize” Britain and Ireland, they contributed to the rise in tensions and, ultimately, to the outbreak of war between France and Britain. The author argues that these Irish, because of their colonial experience, were a crucial factor in the redefinition of and opposition between British imperial and French republican models of nation and citizenship. Their defense of a cosmopolitan citizenship ideal was violently rejected in Britain and was severely tested by the “Terror” in France.En 1792, de nombreux étrangers vinrent en France pour participer à l’élaboration du nouveau régime républicain, redéfinissant la nation comme le vecteur de la souveraineté populaire. Plusieurs Américains, Anglais, Irlandais et Ecossais formèrent un club à Paris, la Société des amis des droits de l'homme (SADH), parmi lesquels les Irlandais furent une composante clé. Désireux de « révolutionner » la Grande-Bretagne et l'Irlande, ils contribuèrent à la montée des tensions et à l’éclatement du conflit entre la France et la Grande-Bretagne. Cet article cherche à démontrer que ces Irlandais, du fait de leur expérience coloniale, jouèrent un rôle central dans la redéfinition et l'opposition entre le modèle impérial britannique et le modèle français républicain de la nation et de la citoyenneté. Leur défense d'un idéal cosmopolite de citoyenneté suscita un violent rejet en Grande-Bretagne et fut mise à rude épreuve pendant la « Terreur » en France.

Chitosan is a biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic, antibacterial, antioxidant, and antifungal natural polymer. In this study, chitin and chitosan were chemically isolated from the exoskeleton of invasive swimming crab Charybdis longicollis. In order to obtain the chitin, demineralization, deproteinization, and decolourization steps were applied to the samples. Chitosan was prepared from the isolated chitin by deacetylation at high temperatures. The chemical composition of chitin from C. longicollis was characterized by XRD and FTIR analysis. The yield of chitin extraction from dry crab shells was 25.78 %. The yield of chitosan produced from extracted chitin was 80.23 %. The experimental analyses revealed that the obtained chitin and chitosan could be used as biomaterial.

During the eighteenth century, French courts expanded their competence over Jewish disputes in order to consolidate the kingdom’s hegemony over Alsatian Jewry. In Metz, the expansion was sanctioned by a royal order for the composition of the Recueil des Loix, Coutumes, et Usages Observes par les Juifs de Metz (1742). A blend of Jewish law and French customary law tailored for ancien regime Alsatian courts, the Recueil enabled a Jewish claimant to sue in either the beit din or a French tribunal. These judicial alternatives posed strategic dilemmas. French rulings were frequently vehicles for persecuting Jewish claimants and debasing their law, while rabbinical enforcement mechanisms typically lacked the aggressive bite of their French judicial counterparts. This article examines how the law, and these options, worked in practice.

Non-native marine crustaceans can exert detrimental impacts on native marine communities by altering habitat and ecosystem function. The Mediterranean Sea is particularly vulnerable to introductions of non-native crustaceans, as evidenced by their remarkably high establishment success. In this study, 20 species of non-native marine crustacean decapods and barnacles of which eleven extant and nine ‘horizon’ were screened for their potential invasiveness in the Mediterranean Sea. Using the Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit and including an additional nine native species to increase accuracy, calibrated risk thresholds of 3.5 for the BRA (Basic Risk Assessment) and 8.5 for the BRA + CCA (BRA + Climate Change Assessment) were obtained that distinguished reliably between invasive and non-invasive species. All 20 non-native species were classified as carrying a high risk of invasiveness for the Mediterranean Sea, both for the BRA and the BRA + CCA. Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis was by far the highest risk species, followed by Harris mud crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii, Asian shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus, bay barnacle, Amphibalanus improvisus, and lesser swimming crab Charybdis (Goniohellenus) longicollis. The findings of this study will provide management and control directions for non-native marine crustaceans in the Mediterranean Sea, with special emphasis on regulations regarding ballast waters, which represent one of the main introduction pathways for these aquatic organisms.

This article traces the evolution of China-Malaysia relations under National Front Prime Minister Najib Razak and the Alliance of Hope Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad. While the Belt and Road Initiative (bri) strengthened Beijing’s support of Najib’s kleptocratic regime in Malaysia, the 2018 general elections brought the anti-graft Alliance of Hope coalition led by Mahathir into power. Under Mahathir’s leadership, Malaysia cancelled several large-scale infrastructural projects like the East Coast Rail Link (ecrl), owing to their links with Najib’s 1mdb scandal and the unfavorable terms of the bri which put Malaysia severely in China’s debt. Although this curtailed Beijing’s use of Malaysia as a pawn in its goals in the region, it alienated some of the new Alliance of Hope’s supporters and saw the loss of much Chinese investment. However, Malaysia had already been caught in the bri’s web and Mahathir had to mend fences with Beijing by renegotiating better deals and redefining Malaysia’s relations with China. As Malaysia is geopolitically strategic to China’s extension of influence in Southeast Asia, Beijing willingly cut the ecrl cost by a third. It is in such context and with due consideration of the changing developments in the Alliance of Hope’s perception of Malaysia’s relations with China that this article will explore the enigmatic nature of China-Malaysia relations as the latter strives to protect its sovereignty against Chinese influence and Beijing continues to press its charm offensive through the bri.

This essay is a response to Julie Cooper’s piece in this volume. In her essay, Cooper insightfully analyzes ways in which the rise of the modern state has imposed “religious” forms of identificatio...

The invasive crab Charybdis longicollis was first reported in Mersin Bay (Mediterranean Sea/Turkey) in 1954, and since the early 1990s, its populations have been heavily parasitised by the alien rhizocephalan Heterosaccus dollfusi. In Antalya Bay, 46.6% of the trawled catch is constituted by C. longicollis. Monthly biomass values fluctuated between 67 kg km−2 (June) and 704 kg km−2 (October), with a mean of 260 kg km−2. The percentage of change in females ranged from 29% in October to 53% in January. The mean carapace width of uninfected crabs was significantly larger in males (35.1 mm) than females (30.6 mm). Male crabs (34.3%) were more heavily parasitised than females (12.1%). The reduction in size of the chela and broadening of the abdomen are two characteristic modifications of infected males. The size at first maturity was estimated at CW = 24.7 mm. Ovigerous females were found all year-round but were more abundant in spring. Male and female individuals of C. longicollis displayed a maximum of three and one modal groups per year, respectively. Natural mortality (M) was estimated as 1.1 year−1 for male crabs.

Kristin Kostka,1,2 Talita Duarte-Salles,3 Albert Prats-Uribe,4 Anthony G Sena,5,6 Andrea Pistillo,3 Sara Khalid,4 Lana YH Lai,7 Asieh Golozar,8,9 Thamir M Alshammari,10 Dalia M Dawoud,11 Fredrik Nyberg,12 Adam B Wilcox,13,14 Alan Andryc,5 Andrew Williams,15 Anna Ostropolets,16 Carlos Areia,17 Chi Young Jung,18 Christopher A Harle,19 Christian G Reich,1,2 Clair Blacketer,5,6 Daniel R Morales,20 David A Dorr,21 Edward Burn,3,4 Elena Roel,3,22 Eng Hooi Tan,4 Evan Minty,23 Frank DeFalco,5 Gabriel de Maeztu,24 Gigi Lipori,19 Hiba Alghoul,25 Hong Zhu,26 Jason A Thomas,13 Jiang Bian,19 Jimyung Park,27 Jordi Martínez Roldán,28 Jose D Posada,29 Juan M Banda,30 Juan P Horcajada,31 Julianna Kohler,32 Karishma Shah,33 Karthik Natarajan,16,34 Kristine E Lynch,35,36 Li Liu,37 Lisa M Schilling,38 Martina Recalde,3,22 Matthew Spotnitz,14 Mengchun Gong,39 Michael E Matheny,40,41 Neus Valveny,42 Nicole G Weiskopf,21 Nigam Shah,29 Osaid Alser,43 Paula Casajust,42 Rae Woong Park,27,44 Robert Schuff,21 Sarah Seager,1 Scott L DuVall,35,36 Seng Chan You,45 Seokyoung Song,46 Sergio Fernández-Bertolín,3 Stephen Fortin,5 Tanja Magoc,19 Thomas Falconer,16 Vignesh Subbian,47 Vojtech Huser,48 Waheed-Ul-Rahman Ahmed,33,49 William Carter,38 Yin Guan,50 Yankuic Galvan,19 Xing He,19 Peter R Rijnbeek,6 George Hripcsak,16,34 Patrick B Ryan,5,16 Marc A Suchard,51 Daniel Prieto-Alhambra4 1IQVIA, Cambridge, MA, USA; 2OHDSI Center at The Roux Institute, Northeastern University, Portland, ME, USA; 3Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primà ria de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain; 4Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; 5Janssen Research & Development, Titusville, NJ, USA; 6Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; 7School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; 8Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA; 9Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; 10College of Pharmacy, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 11National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, London, UK; 12School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 13Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; 14Unviersity of Washington Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; 15Tufts Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Boston, MA, USA; 16Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; 17Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; 18Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea; 19University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, USA; 20Division of Population Health and Genomics, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; 21Department of Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; 22Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; 23O’Brien Institute for Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; 24IOMED, Barcelona, Spain; 25Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine; 26Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 27Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; 28Director of Innovation and Digital Transformation, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; 29Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA; 30Georgia State University, Department of Computer Science, Atlanta, GA, USA; 31Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital del Mar, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; 32United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA; 33Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; 34New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA; 35VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; 36Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; 37Biomedical Big Data Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 38Data Science to Patient Value Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; 39Institute of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 40Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; 41Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; 42Real-World Evidence, TFS, Barcelona, Spain; 43Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; 44Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; 45Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; 46Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; 47College of Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; 48National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; 49College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, St Luke’s Campus, Exeter, UK; 50DHC Technologies Co. Ltd., Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 51Departments of Biostatistics, Computational Medicine, and Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USACorrespondence: Daniel Prieto-Alhambra, Botnar Research Centre, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX37LD, UK, Email daniel.prietoalhambra@ndorms.ox.ac.ukPurpose: Routinely collected real world data (RWD) have great utility in aiding the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic response. Here we present the international Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI) Characterizing Health Associated Risks and Your Baseline Disease In SARS-COV-2 (CHARYBDIS) framework for standardisation and analysis of COVID-19 RWD.Patients and Methods: We conducted a descriptive retrospective database study using a federated network of data partners in the United States, Europe (the Netherlands, Spain, the UK, Germany, France and Italy) and Asia (South Korea and China). The study protocol and analytical package were released on 11th June 2020 and are iteratively updated via GitHub. We identified three non-mutually exclusive cohorts of 4,537,153 individuals with a clinical COVID-19 diagnosis or positive test, 886,193 hospitalized with COVID-19, and 113,627 hospitalized with COVID-19 requiring intensive services.Results: We aggregated over 22,000 unique characteristics describing patients with COVID-19. All comorbidities, symptoms, medications, and outcomes are described by cohort in aggregate counts and are readily available online. Globally, we observed similarities in the USA and Europe: more women diagnosed than men but more men hospitalized than women, most diagnosed cases between 25 and 60 years of age versus most hospitalized cases between 60 and 80 years of age. South Korea differed with more women than men hospitalized. Common comorbidities included type 2 diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease and heart disease. Common presenting symptoms were dyspnea, cough and fever. Symptom data availability was more common in hospitalized cohorts than diagnosed.Conclusion: We constructed a global, multi-centre view to describe trends in COVID-19 progression, management and evolution over time. By characterising baseline variability in patients and geography, our work provides critical context that may otherwise be misconstrued as data quality issues. This is important as we perform studies on adverse events of special interest in COVID-19 vaccine surveillance.Keywords: OHDSI, OMOP CDM, descriptive epidemiology, real world data, real world evidence, open science

Charybdis (Charybdis) feriata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Figure 14E, preserved) Material examined. M07, Stn. 74, 138m, ♂ 26× 16.8mm (IEO-CD-MZ07/1902), COI (MZ 434821). Habitat and distribution. Widely distributed in the IWP from South and East Africa through the Gulf of Oman, the Arabian Gulf, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka to Indonesia, Singapore, Australia, Vietnam, China, and Japan (Apel & Spiridonov 1998). Crosnier (1962) described the distribution of the synonym species Charybdis cruciate (Herbst) in shallow waters of South Africa, Australia, and Japan, at 5-15m (rarely 30m). Not being recorded in Mozambique since the fifties of last century (Barnard 1950), it has been recently reported by personal observations of IIP-Mozambique. Results and remarks. The single specimen agrees well with the description and figures in Crosnier (1962) and Apel & Spiridonov (1998). It was collected in March 2007 (M07) at 138m depth, increasing the previously reported bathymetric distribution of the species. Colouration observed. No pictures of the fresh specimen are available. DNA barcodes. Only the COI sequence could be obtained from this specimen, which represents a new haplotype for this species. The closer haplotype is a COI sequence of a specimen from Australia (MN 184690), with differences in two positions (99.68% similarity), ranging between 98.65 to 97.30% of similarity (seven to 14 mutations) with respect to the rest of 60 haplotypes for this species in Genbank., Published as part of Muñoz, Isabel, García-Isarch, Eva & Cuesta, Jose A., 2021, Annotated and updated checklist of marine crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura) of Mozambique supported by morphological and molecular data from shelf and slope species of the " MOZAMBIQUE " surveys, pp. 1-67 in Zootaxa 5056 (1) on page 45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5056.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5577887, {"references":["Apel, M. & Spiridonov, V. A. (1998) Taxonomy and zoogeography of the portunid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Portunidae) of the Arabian Gulf and adjacent waters. Fauna of Arabia, 17, 159 - 331.","Crosnier, A. (1962) Crustaces Decapodes: Portunidae. Faune de Madagascar, 16, 1 - 154.","Barnard, K. H. (1950) Descriptive catalogue of South African Decapod Crustacea (crabs and shrimps). Annals of the South African Museum, 38, 1 - 837."]}

Charybdis (Gonioneptunus) africana Shen, 1935 (Figure 14D) Material examined. M07, Stn. 123, 184m, ♂ 84.4× 57.5mm (IEO-CD-MZ07/1915); M08, Stn. 77, 290m, ♂ 24.3× 16.7mm, ♂ 23.4× 15.9mm (IEO-CD-MZ08/1813-1), 16S (MZ 424971), COI (MZ 434818), ♂ 24.1× 17.1mm; ♂ 21× 14.5mm, ♂ 24.3× 16.7mm, ♂ 27× 18.9mm (IEO-CD-MZ08/1813-2), 16S (MZ 424972), COI (MZ 434819); M09, Stn. 45, 322m, ♂ 41.2× 29mm (IEO-CD-MZ09/1816), 16S (MZ 424973), COI (MZ 434820). Habitat and distribution. Charybdis (Gonioneptunus) africana occurs between 48 and 126m, off South Africa (Barnard 1950; Shen 1935) and Mozambique (Kensley 1981). Results and remarks. These specimens were identified at genus level following Crosnier (1962), at subgenus level following Leene (1938) and at species level following Shen (1935) and Barnard (1950). A total of eight individuals were collected during the three surveys (M07, M08 and M09), at depths between 184 and 322m. This is the second record in Mozambican waters, which expands the species depth range from 126 up to 322m. Charybdis africana and Charybdis bimaculata have been considered synonyms (Sakai 1939), although WoRMS currently considers them as valid species. The similarity between the characters used by Shen (1935) and Barnard (1950) to separate both species might have justified that they were considered synonyms by Sakai (1939). However, Shen (1935) established differences in the relationship CW / CL, this being 1.46 for C. africana and 1.55 for C. bimaculata. Considering this as a distinctive character for both species, our specimens with CW / CL ratios between 1.42-1.47 are closer to C. africana. The tip shape of G1 could be a distinctive character between the species, only described so far for C. bimaculata (Leene 1938) but not for C. africana. The G1 shapes of the specimens (all males) are similar to those described for C. bimaculata, although their tips are more elongated and pointed (see Figure 15B). Colouration observed. The common name of C. bimaculata, “two-spot swimming crab”, makes reference to the two spots located on the mesobranchial region of the carapace. No information on the presence or absence of these spots on C. africana is available. These eight specimens also had two spots, although they were not as remarkable as observed in the images available of C. bimaculata. Our specimens showed a white spot on the cardiac region of the carapace, which was also observed in the images of C. bimaculata, although in this case they were much more elongated, even reaching the edge of the carapace. General colouration was also different as C. bimaculata is brown and beige colour, marble-like, while our specimens had a reddish-brown carapace with red granules. Legs and chelae were beige, with very scattered red granules, with bigger size and presence on the chelae. Dactyli were yellowish dorsally and white ventrally. DNA barcodes. The three 16S sequences present only one haplotype that fits 99.22–99.41% (three–four mutations) with four sequences of C. bimaculata from Taiwan (KX 060391), South Korea (MG 787408, NC_ 037695), and Vanuatu (KT 365596), deposited at Genbank by Negri et al. (2018), Liu et al. (2018), Kim et al (2018) and Evans (2018), respectively. The three different haplotypes found for COI sequences, differ in 11–12 mutations respect to several COI sequences of C. bimaculata (similarity ranging from 97.47 to 98.25%). As occurs for Ovalipes iridescens, these values fall just in the limit between inter or intraspecific variability., Published as part of Muñoz, Isabel, García-Isarch, Eva & Cuesta, Jose A., 2021, Annotated and updated checklist of marine crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura) of Mozambique supported by morphological and molecular data from shelf and slope species of the " MOZAMBIQUE " surveys, pp. 1-67 in Zootaxa 5056 (1) on page 44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5056.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5577887, {"references":["Shen, C. J. (1935) On a new species of Charybdis belonging to the subgenus Gonioneptunus, from South Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 10, 15, 404 - 408. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933508654981","Barnard, K. H. (1950) Descriptive catalogue of South African Decapod Crustacea (crabs and shrimps). Annals of the South African Museum, 38, 1 - 837.","Kensley, B. (1981) On the zoogeography of southern African Decapod Crustacea, with a distributional checklist of the species. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 338, 1 - 64.","Crosnier, A. (1962) Crustaces Decapodes: Portunidae. Faune de Madagascar, 16, 1 - 154.","Leene, J. E. (1938) The Decapoda Brachyura of the Siboga-Expedition. VII. Brachygnatha: Portunidae. Siboga-Expeditie Monografie, 39 (3), 1 - 156.","Sakai, T. (1939) Studies on the crabs of Japan. IV. Brachygnatha, Brachyrhyncha. Yokendo, Tokyo, 377 pp.","Negri, M., Schubart, C. D. & Mantelatto, F. L. (2018) Tracing the introduction history of the invasive swimming crab Charybdis hellerii (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867) in the Western Atlantic: evidences of high genetic diversity and multiple introductions. Biological Invasions, 20, 1771 - 1798. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10530 - 018 - 1660 - 0","Liu, X., Yuan, Y., He, Y., Liu, S., Ji, X., Qin, Y. & Ma, K. (2018) Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Charybdis bimaculata and phylogenetic analysis. Mitochondrial DNA Part B, 3 (2), 1163 - 1164. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 23802359.2018.1524273","Kim, N. - K., Andriyono, S., Kim, A. R., Lee, C. I. & Kim, H. - W. (2018) Characterization of complete mitochondrial genome of two-spot swimming crab Charybdis bimaculata (Miers, 1886). Mitochondrial DNA Part B, 3 (2), 902 - 903. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 23802359.2018.1501292","Evans, N. (2018) Molecular phylogenetics of swimming crabs (Portunoidea Rafinesque, 1815) supports a revised family-level classification and suggests a single derived origin of symbiotic taxa. PeerJ, 6 (e 4260), 1 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 4260"]}

Megalopas of 15 brachyuran crab species collected in the open sea plankton, and unknown until now, were identified using DNA barcodes (COI and 16S rRNA). Specimens belonging to the families Portunidae, Pseudorhombilidae and Xanthidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura), and corresponding to the species Achelous floridanus, Arenaeus mexicanus, Callinectes amnicola, C. arcuatus, C. ornatus, C. toxones, Charybdis (Charybdis) hellerii, Portunus hastatus, Thalamita admete, Scopolius nuttingi, Etisus odhneri, Liomera cinctimanus, Neoliomera cerasinus, Pseudoliomera variolosa, and Williamstimpsonia stimpsoni, are described and illustrated, and compared with other congeneric species previously described. We also provide a new geographical record for N. cerasinus and the most remarkable features for each species., The Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain (MINECO) and the European Fund for Economic and Regional Development (FEDER) through the MALASPINA 2010 Expedition (Consolider-Ingenio 2010, CSD2008-00077) and MAF Research Project (National Research Program, CTM2012-39587-C04-02) funded this study. We thank the captains and crews of RV Hespérides in 2010-11 and 2015 for the support during the cruises, and Carlos Sánchez (ICMAN-CSIC) by laboratory work.

Background The present study was performed to determine carapace length–body weight relationship of Charybdis callianassa. In fisheries biology, length–weight relationships are important as they allow for the calculation, by creating a mathematical equation between the two, of the total weight of the fish in a particular group in fish. Such information is helpful for fishery scientists to research the dynamics of development and populations and for public agencies that can maintain and preserve these resources sustainably. Results A study on the carapace length–body weight relationship of Charybdis callianassa (Herbst, 1789) was made on the northwest coast of India for the first time. The study was based on experimental trawl fishing conducted fortnightly from August 2019 to March 2020. A total of 479 specimens, including 262 males and 217 females from fishing trawler, were examined for their carapace length and total weight. The carapace length ranged from 2.69 to 3.54 cm, and the total weight from 5.26 to 7.36 g. This analysis revealed that the crabs exhibited negative allometric development, as shown by average exponents 'b' = 2.71 for pooled data with high coefficient (r) = 0.91 and r2 = 0.83. Conclusions The carapace length–body weight relationship of Charybdis callianassa in relation to sex and carapace was studied in the Mumbai coastal water, India. We found major differences in the average “r2” values of species reported for males (0.89), females (0.79) and pooled data (0.83). Such kind of study is essential for fisheries biology to comprehend the differences in circumstances in small and large specimens that vary with environmental conditions and seasons.

Vaccination against the SARS-CoV-2 may lead to immunologic reactions activating the haemostatic system and resulting in both venous and arterial thromboembolism. Aquired autoimmune Haemophilia following SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were now reported 15 to 19 days (or later) after vaccination and resolution of symptoms by adequate treatment of the immunologic reaction. From patients' point of view, anticoagulants and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines share their capacity to induce thrombosis as well as bleeding and clinicians are subjected to Scylla and Charybdis when they treat patients not only with anticoagulants but also with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Careful analysis of coincidence and causality requires attention when reporting on acquired coagulation inhibitors regarding severity, treatments, duration and statistical risk.

Considering the increasing demand and scope for aquaculture of crucifix crab Charybdis (Charybdis) feriata (Linnaeus, 1758) an attempt was made to study its intestinal bacterial diversity. The intestinal bacterial diversity of C. feriata from three different sites along the Kerala coast was examined using conventional biochemical techniques as well as by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The total bacterial count in the intestine of C. feriata ranged from 1.5×106 to 3.2×106cfu.g-1 (colony forming unit per g tissue). The predominant isolates were genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Microbacterium and Dermacoccus . Among these two isolates one having protease and other with amylase and cellulase activity were selected for molecular characterization by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. They were identified as Microbacterium oxydans KU937308 and Dermacoccus abyssi KU937309 respectively. Since protease, amylase and cellulase are important in the areas of food processing, detergent, textile, pharmaceutical products, dairy, beverages and feed industries the isolates can be further screened for such applications. Dermacoccus abyssi has been found to be useful in biocleaning of industrial dye baths and Microbacterium oxydans in reutilization of brownseaweed waste.

Host range testing of a larval endoparasitoid Eadya daenerys Ridenbaugh (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was conducted. Eadya daenerys is most commonly associated with Paropsisterna agricola (Chapuis) in Australia, but is proposed as a biological control agent for Paropsis charybdis Stal (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in New Zealand. Nine species of non-target beetles with spring-active, external leaf-feeding larvae, were host tested. Development to emergence only occurred within eucalypt-feeding Paropsina pests: the target P. charybdis and another pest Trachymela sloanei (Blackburn). Unsuccessful internal parasitism occurred in four less closely related non-target Chrysomelinae. Considering the different feeding niches occupied by these beetles, we hypothesize that Eadya daenerys is unlikely to cause direct non-target impacts beyond pest Paropsina species in the New Zealand environment.

Social media use around those aged 18–34 will significantly impact the prospects for the public validation of a new constitution in Sri Lanka, especially the planning and conduct of a refer...

Scilla undulata Desfontaines (1792: 161) was described for plants occurring in Barbary, namely on the northern coastal areas of Tunisia and Algeria. The name has been applied to hysteranthous plants with undulate, glabrous leaves; inflorescence long racemose, usually loose; flowers pedicellate, stellate, with small, shortly spurred, deciduous bracts; perigone lobes linear to subspatulate, shortly fused at base, pinkish with a darker central band; capsules subquadrate to obovate-elliptic in outline, trigonous, appressed to the axis; seeds numerous, blackish, shinning, flattened, broadly winged (Maire 1958, Rico 2013). It is widespread mostly in the low land of the southern Mediterranean basin, from western Morocco to the Middle East, extending to southeastern Iberian Peninsula, Corsica and Sardinia (McNeill 1980, Tison & Foucault 2014, Bartolucci et al. 2018). This work was partly supported by the grants ACIE18–03 and UAUSTI18–02 from University of Alicante.

The present investigation is the first in Egypt to give histomorphological data about Heterosaccus dollfusi, a rhizocephalan parasitic barnacle of the brachyuran crab Charybdis longicollis, collected from the eastern Mediterranean coast of Egypt at shallow depths (10–20 m). The structure of the mature externa and its male organs are essential for perception of both the taxonomy and reproductive biology of these specialized parasites. We use scanning electron microscopy and histological methods coupled with morphological description to investigate the anatomy of mature externa. The mature externa is distinguished by a visceral mass which comprises the ovary, paired colleteric glands, paired male receptacles and paired receptacle ducts. Attention is focused on the developmental stages of male organs and/or tracing of spermatozoa after settlement of male cypris implantation of the trichogon during fertilization process. For the first time, the lateral tube that connects the left male receptacle with the right, smaller receptacle was observed in sagittal section and illustrated in the diagrammatic figure of male organs. This tube is probably the generator of sperm ribbons. As well, the existence of the spermatozoa inside the lumen of this connecting tube may indicate their free movement between the two receptacles. Moreover, strips of sperm that drag from the sperm ribbon ball, and surround the developing ovules can also be seen in the mantle cavity.

Eight crab species (Eriphia verrucosa, Maja squinado, Calappa granulata, Charybdis (Goniohellenus) longicollis, Callinectes sapidus, Atergatis roseus, Portunus segnis, Maja crispata) were sampled from Mersin Bay (Northeastern Mediterranean) between September 2017 and April 2018. Three species belong to the family of Portunidae while two Maja species represent Majidae. The other crabs represent the families of Calappidae, Xanthidae, and Eriphidae. All specimens were preserved in ethanol and were deposited in the Museum of the Systematic, Faculty of Fisheries, Mersin University (catalogue number:MEUDC-17-12-002 - MEUDC-18-12-009). Previous records of these crabs in the Mediterranean Sea were determined as their distributions were compared. All crab samples in the study are distributed in the Northeastern Mediterranean Sea commonly.&nbsp

Afternoon nap is regarded as a potent behavioral strategy minimizing sleepiness and fatigue. The benefits of afternoon naps require the accumulation of, at least, 3 min of stage 2 sleep. However, t...

Intraguild predation is common in most ecosystems and has the potential to disrupt biological control. Coccinellids are widely used biological control agents that often engage in intraguild predation against parasitoids of their shared prey/hosts. The eucalypt pest Paropsis charybdis is the target of several biological control agents: a coccinellid, Cleobora mellyi, and two egg parasitoids, Enoggera nassaui and Neopolycystus insectifurax. Parasitised P. charybdis eggs are slower to develop than unparasitised eggs so parasitised eggs remain exposed to predators for longer. The potential for intraguild predation by C. mellyi to interfere with biological control of P. charybdis by its egg parasitoids was investigated. A series of choice tests demonstrated that C. mellyi adults and larvae have strong preferences for unparasitised P. charybdis eggs over parasitised, irrespective of parasitoid species. Adult and larval C. mellyi also fed readily on acacia and eucalypt psyllids with some evidence of preference for these prey over unparasitised P. charybdis eggs. A sole diet of P. charybdis eggs is sufficient for C. mellyi to complete development but is not enough to support reproduction unless supplemented with psyllids. These prey preferences for unparasitised over parasitised eggs, taken together with the necessity of psyllid prey for reproduction, reduce the likelihood that C. mellyi will disrupt biological control of P. charybdis.

This chapter outlines the development of the reductionism vs. antireductionism debate, which has set the stage for philosophical analyses of science since the early decades of the twentieth century. The point of departure is the rise and fall of the classical model of reduction, epitomized by the work of Ernest Nagel. Next is the subsequent forging of the “antireductionist consensus” and the “reductionist anti-consensus.” The chapter concludes by arguing how modest reductionism and sophisticated antireductionism substantially overlap, making the dispute more terminological than it is often appreciated. Even more problematically, friends and foes of reductionism share an overly restrictive characterization of the interface between levels of explanation. Thus, it is time for philosophy to move away from these intertwining strands, which fail to capture the productive interplay between knowledge and ignorance in science, and to develop new categories for charting the nature and advancement of science.

Homer's Odysseus was forced to sail through a straight between 2 terrifying monsters: Charybdis, a giant whirlpool that threatened to devour the ship and crew, and Scylla, a 6-headed monster with rows of sharklike teeth who devoured men whole if they came within her grasp. Similar to Odysseus, clinicians who are treating maltreated children and their families often find themselves attempting to navigate between polarized interests and dangerously intense reactions within themselves. Powerful feelings are often elicited by maltreated children and caregivers who have experienced intersecting layers of personal, intergenerational, and often historical traumas as well as by action or inaction of complex systems. Child protective services and juvenile/family courts-which have their own language, values, and priorities-make decisions for reasons that are distinct from and sometimes in conflict with the clinical perspective of child mental health professionals.

This article includes twenty (20) new records of alien and cryptogenic species in the Mediterranean Sea, belonging to six (6) Phyla (Rhodophyta, Tracheophyta, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Bryozoa, and Chordata) distributed from the Eastern Mediterranean to the Sea of Alboran. The records are reported from nine (9) countries and can be classified into two categories: new records for the Mediterranean Sea and new records of non-indigenous species expanding within the Mediterranean Sea. The first category includes the gastropod Turbo radiatus from Lebanon coasts, the portunid crab Charybdis (Charybdis) natator from Tunis southern lagoon, the mollusc Thuridilla mazda from South Spain, and the nudibranch Okenia picoensis from the Alboran coasts of Spain and from Malta. The second category includes the bivalve Nudiscintilla cf. glabra from the Aegean coast of Turkey, the rhodophyte Colaconema codicola from the North Aegean coasts of Greece, the naked band gaper Champsodon nudivittis from the Sea of Marmara, Turkey. Also, the brachyuran Gonioinfradens giardi from the Greek Ionian waters, the codlet Bregmaceros nectabanus from the Croatian coasts of the Adriatic Sea, and the bryozoan Arbopercula tenella and copepod Parvocalanus crassirostris both from the Gulf of Trieste, Slovenian and Italian coasts, respectively. New records were also reported for the ascidian Distaplia bermudensis from brackish the Gulf of Naples, Italy, the damselfish Abudefduf cf. saxatilis and the seagrass Halophila stipulacea from Sardinia, Tyrrhenian Sea, and for the fish Paranthias furcifer from the harbour of Almeria, Alboran Sea, Spain. Through these records, an understanding of the expanding mechanisms and processes and, if possible, the development of mitigation measures within the region will be further facilitated.