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13. Foraging strategy of King Penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) during summer at the Crozet Islands

Author

Putz, K., Wilson, R.P., Charrassin, J-B., Raclot, T., Lage, J., Le Maho, Y., Kierspel, M.A.M., Culik, B.M., and Adelung, D.

Subjects
Crozet Islands -- Natural history, Animal nutrition -- Research -- Behavior, Birds -- Food and nutrition -- Research -- Behavior, King penguin -- Behavior -- Research, Biological sciences, Environmental issues, Research, Behavior, Natural history, Food and nutrition
Abstract

The foraging ecology of King Penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) at Possession Island, Crozet Archipelago, was studied between January and March 1993 and between February and March 1994. Diving activity and position of the birds were determined via externally attached logging units. Feeding behavior was detected using stomach temperature sensors. All calculated positions of the birds occurred south of Possession Island. The area most frequented was situated 250 km south of the island (48.5 ° S), where birds stayed for 40 h during a foraging trip, on average. The overall swim speed differed with time into the foraging trip, being lowest during the central part and highest (10 km/h) during the last night at sea, when birds were returning to the colony. Diving activities showed a clear diurnal pattern, with maximum dive depth being dependent on ambient light levels. During the night, only shallow dives 85% of the feeding events occurred during daylight and at twilight. Mean food mass ingested was calculated to be [approximately]2350 g/d, with the highest amounts ingested during the central and penultimate days of the foraging trip. Foraging success (grams ingested per unit time underwater) was also highest (>370 g/h) at this time. The relationships between foraging strategy, inter- and intraspecific competition, and King Penguin body mass are discussed. Key words: Aptenodytes patagonicus; diving activity; feeding behavior; food mass; foraging range; foraging strategy; global location sensor; King Penguin; multiple-channel recorders; stomach temperature archival units; swim speed., INTRODUCTION King Penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) are the second largest of the extant penguin species, having a body mass of [approximately]13 kg (Adams and Klages 1987). Only the congeneric Emperor Penguin [...]

Published
1998

14. Animal-borne telemetry: An integral component of the ocean observing toolkit

Author

Harcourt, R. (Rob), Sequeira, A.M.M. (Ana M.M.), Zhang, X. (Xuelei), Roquet, F. (Fabien), Komatsu, K. (Kosei), Heupel, M. (Michelle), McMahon, C. (Clive), Whoriskey, F. (Fred), Meekan, M. (Mark), Carroll, G. (Gemma), Brodie, S. (Stephanie), Simpfendorfer, C. (Colin), Hindell, M. (Mark), Jonsen, I. (Ian), Costa, D.P. (Daniel P.), Block, B. (Barbara), Muelbert, M. (Mônica), Woodward, B. (Bill), Weise, M. (Mike), Aarestrup, K. (Kim), Biuw, M. (Martin), Boehme, L. (Lars), Bograd, S.J. (Steven J.), Cazau, D. (Dorian), Charrassin, J.-B. (Jean-Benoit), Cooke, S.J. (Steven), Cowley, P. (Paul), de Bruyn, P.J.N. (P.J. Nico), Jeanniard du Dot, T. (Tiphaine), Duarte, C. (Carlos), Eguíluz, V.M. (Víctor M.), Ferreira, L.C. (Luciana C.), Fernández-Gracia, J. (Juan), Goetz, K. (Kimberly), Goto, Y. (Yusuke), Guinet, C. (Christophe), Hammill, M. (Mike), Hays, G.C. (Graeme C.), Hazen, E.L. (Elliott L.), Hückstädt, L.A. (Luis A.), Huveneers, C. (Charlie), Iverson, S. (Sara), Jaaman, S.A. (Saifullah Arifin), Kittiwattanawong, K. (Kongkiat), Kovacs, K.M. (Kit M.), Lydersen, C. (Christian), Moltmann, T. (Tim), Naruoka, M. (Masaru), Phillips, L. (Lachlan), Picard, B. (Baptiste), Queiroz, N. (Nuno), Reverdin, G. (Gilles), Sato, K. (Katsufumi), Sims, D.W. (David W.), Thorstad, E.B. (Eva B.), Thums, M. (Michele), Treasure, A.M. (Anne M.), Trites, A.W. (Andrew W.), Williams, G.D. (Guy D.), Yonehara, Y. (Yoshinari), Fedak, M.A. (Mike A.), Harcourt, R. (Rob), Sequeira, A.M.M. (Ana M.M.), Zhang, X. (Xuelei), Roquet, F. (Fabien), Komatsu, K. (Kosei), Heupel, M. (Michelle), McMahon, C. (Clive), Whoriskey, F. (Fred), Meekan, M. (Mark), Carroll, G. (Gemma), Brodie, S. (Stephanie), Simpfendorfer, C. (Colin), Hindell, M. (Mark), Jonsen, I. (Ian), Costa, D.P. (Daniel P.), Block, B. (Barbara), Muelbert, M. (Mônica), Woodward, B. (Bill), Weise, M. (Mike), Aarestrup, K. (Kim), Biuw, M. (Martin), Boehme, L. (Lars), Bograd, S.J. (Steven J.), Cazau, D. (Dorian), Charrassin, J.-B. (Jean-Benoit), Cooke, S.J. (Steven), Cowley, P. (Paul), de Bruyn, P.J.N. (P.J. Nico), Jeanniard du Dot, T. (Tiphaine), Duarte, C. (Carlos), Eguíluz, V.M. (Víctor M.), Ferreira, L.C. (Luciana C.), Fernández-Gracia, J. (Juan), Goetz, K. (Kimberly), Goto, Y. (Yusuke), Guinet, C. (Christophe), Hammill, M. (Mike), Hays, G.C. (Graeme C.), Hazen, E.L. (Elliott L.), Hückstädt, L.A. (Luis A.), Huveneers, C. (Charlie), Iverson, S. (Sara), Jaaman, S.A. (Saifullah Arifin), Kittiwattanawong, K. (Kongkiat), Kovacs, K.M. (Kit M.), Lydersen, C. (Christian), Moltmann, T. (Tim), Naruoka, M. (Masaru), Phillips, L. (Lachlan), Picard, B. (Baptiste), Queiroz, N. (Nuno), Reverdin, G. (Gilles), Sato, K. (Katsufumi), Sims, D.W. (David W.), Thorstad, E.B. (Eva B.), Thums, M. (Michele), Treasure, A.M. (Anne M.), Trites, A.W. (Andrew W.), Williams, G.D. (Guy D.), Yonehara, Y. (Yoshinari), and Fedak, M.A. (Mike A.)

Abstract

Animal telemetry is a powerful tool for observing marine animals and the physical environments that they inhabit, from coastal and continental shelf ecosystems to polar seas and open oceans. Satellite-linked biologgers and networks of acoustic receivers allow animals to be reliably monitored over scales of tens of meters to thousands of kilometers, giving insight into their habitat use, home range size, the phenology of migratory patterns and the biotic and abiotic factors that drive their distributions. Furthermore, physical environmental variables can be collected using animals as autonomous sampling platforms, increasing spatial and temporal coverage of global oceanographic observation systems. The use of animal telemetry, therefore, has the capacity to provide measures from a suite of essential ocean variables (EOVs) for improved monitoring of Earth's oceans. Here we outline the design features of animal telemetry systems, describe current applications and their benefits and challenges, and discuss future directions. We describe new analytical techniques that improve our ability to not only quantify animal movements but to also provide a powerful framework for comparative studies across taxa. We discuss the application of animal telemetry and its capacity to collect biotic and abiotic data, how the data collected can be incorporated into ocean observing systems, and the role these data can play in improved ocean management.

Published
2019
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16. Observing the Antarctic continental shelf with CTD-instrumented elephant seals

Author

Roquet, F., Williams, G., Herraiz-Borreguero, L., Zhang, X., Thompson, A., Bornemann, Horst, Pellichero, V., Sallee, J.B., Charrassin, J.-B., Guinet, C., Picard, B., Boehme, L., Fedak, M., Roquet, F., Williams, G., Herraiz-Borreguero, L., Zhang, X., Thompson, A., Bornemann, Horst, Pellichero, V., Sallee, J.B., Charrassin, J.-B., Guinet, C., Picard, B., Boehme, L., and Fedak, M.

Abstract

Since 2004, several hundreds of diving marine animals, mainly Antarctic and Arctic seals, were fitted with a new generation of Argos-CTD tags developed by the Sea Mammal Research Unit of the University of St. Andrews in Scotland. These tags can be used to investigate simultaneously the at-sea ecology of these animals while collecting valuable oceanographic data. Some of these species are able to travel thousands of kilometres, continuously diving to great depths (590 ± 200 m, with maxima around 2000m). Through the years, these animals have become an essential source of temperature and salinity profiles (MEOP-CTD database available at http://www.meop.net), especially for the polar oceans, complementing efficiently the Argo array. One region where the use of instrumented seals has been particularly successful is the Antarctic continental shelf. Recent contributions to the study of the Antarctic Bottom Water production area near Prydz Bay, the rapidly-thinning ice shelves in Amundsen Bay, or the stratification in the marginal ice zone, are demonstrating the rapidly growing value of these data for Polar Research.

Published
2016

17. 8. Biogeographic Patterns of Birds and Mammals

Author

Ropert-Coudert, Y., Mark Hindell, Phillips, Ra, Charrassin, J-B, Trudelle, L., Raymond, B., Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Hobart] (IMAS), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Processus de couplage à Petite Echelle, Ecosystèmes et Prédateurs Supérieurs (PEPS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, De Broyer C., Koubbi P., Griffiths H.J., Raymond B., Udekem d’Acoz C. d’, et al ., Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636))

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2014

18. Estimates of the Southern Ocean general circulation improved by animal-borne instruments

Author

Roquet, Fabien, Wunsch, Carl, Forget, Gael, Heimbach, Patrick, Guinet, Christophe, Reverdin, G, Charrassin, J. B., Bailleul, F., Costa, D.P., Hückstädt, L.A., Goetz, K.T., Kovacs, K. M., Lydersen, C., Biuw, M., Chafik, L., Nøst, O. A., Bornemann, Horst, Plötz, Joachim, Bester, Marthán N., McIntyre, Trevor, Muelbert, M.C., Hindell, M.A., McMahon, C. R., Williams, G., Harcourt, R., Field, I.C., Nicholls, K. W., Boehme, Lars, Fedak, Mike A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Échanges dans la couche de surface : des pôles aux tropiques (SURF), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions et Processus au sein de la couche de Surface Océanique (IPSO), Couplage physique-biogéochimie-carbone (PHYBIOCAR), Processus de couplage à Petite Echelle, Ecosystèmes et Prédateurs Supérieurs (PEPS), Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), FRAM Centre, Norwegian Polar Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California-University of California, NERC, University of St Andrews. School of Biology, University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland, University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute, and University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, hydrography, Data accuracy, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Animal-borne instruments, 14. Life underwater, state estimation, Southern Ocean, Sea ice concentration, Polar climate, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, GC, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap, Circumpolar star, animal-borne sampling, Current (stream), Geophysics, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Climatology, General Circulation Model, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, GC Oceanography, Satellite, Earth and Related Environmental Sciences, Hydrography
Abstract

Over the last decade, several hundred seals have been equipped with conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) sensors in the Southern Ocean for both biological and physical oceanographic studies. A calibrated collection of seal-derived hydrographic data is now available, consisting of more than 165,000 profiles. The value of these hydrographic data within the existing Southern Ocean observing system is demonstrated herein by conducting two state estimation experiments, differing only in the use or not of seal data to constrain the system. Including seal-derived data substantially modifies the estimated surface mixed-layer properties and circulation patterns within and south of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Agreement with independent satellite observations of sea-ice concentration is improved, especially along the East Antarctic shelf. Instrumented animals efficiently reduce a critical observational gap, and their contribution to monitoring polar climate variability will continue to grow as data accuracy and spatial coverage increase. Publisher PDF

Published
2013
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19. New insights into Southern Ocean physical and biological processes revealed by instrumented elephant seals

Author

Charrassin, J. B., Roquet, F., Park, Y. H., Bailleul, F., Guinet, C., Meredith, M., Nicholls, K., Thorpe, S., Tremblay, Y., Costa, D., Göbel, Miriam, Muelbert, M., Bester, M. N., Plötz, Joachim, Bornemann, Horst, Timmermann, Ralph, Hindell, M., Meijers, A., Coleman, R. C., Field, I. C., McMahon, C., Rintoul, S., Sokolov, S., Fedak, M., Lovell, P., Biuw, M., Kovacs, K., and Lydersen, C.

Published
2010

20. Differences in patterns of habitat utilization of Weddell and crabeater seals along their circumpolar distributions: responding to local conditions

Author

Hückstädt, L. A., Hindell, M., McMahon, C., Southwell, C., Bengtson, J., Boveng, P., Burns, J., Goetz, K., Nordøy, E., Blix, A. S., Bornemann, Horst, Plötz, Joachim, Goebel, M., Fedak, M., Boehme, L., Nicholls, K., Charrassin, J. B., Guinet, C., Costa, D., Hückstädt, L. A., Hindell, M., McMahon, C., Southwell, C., Bengtson, J., Boveng, P., Burns, J., Goetz, K., Nordøy, E., Blix, A. S., Bornemann, Horst, Plötz, Joachim, Goebel, M., Fedak, M., Boehme, L., Nicholls, K., Charrassin, J. B., Guinet, C., and Costa, D.

Abstract

Addressing the potential changes in species distribution in response to global change requires evaluating current species-wide patterns of habitat utilization and how these are determined by the local environment. These efforts, however, can be limited by a lack of data on distribution of the species, which are particularly difficult to collect in the case of air-breathing marine predators in high latitude systems. We present here a retrospective analysis on the distributional patterns of both Weddell (Leptonychotes weddellii) and crabeater seals (Lobodon carcinophaga) throughout their circumpolar ranges, using satellite telemetry data obtained over a time span of three decades (1990 to 2010s). Raw Argos tracks (nWeddell = 132; ncrabeater = 115), were filtered using a Switching State Space Model, and the tracking-derived behaviors (transit, foraging) were used to construct localized habitat models based on sea ice and bathymetry derived variables using binary Generalized Additive Mixed Models. We found differences in the effects and significance that environmental covariates had on the distribution at the local scale. The development of local habitat models for the entire range of these species will allow us to understand the ability of each species to cope with the anticipated environmental changes in their habitat.

Published
2014

21. Retrospective analyses of Antarctic tracking data

Author

Hückstädt, L. A., Hindell, M., McMahon, C., Bornemann, Horst, Charrassin, J. B., Bengtson, J., Boveng, P., Goebel, M., Southwell, C., Fedak, M., Boehme, L., Costa, D., Hückstädt, L. A., Hindell, M., McMahon, C., Bornemann, Horst, Charrassin, J. B., Bengtson, J., Boveng, P., Goebel, M., Southwell, C., Fedak, M., Boehme, L., and Costa, D.

Published
2014

22. Habitat utilization of Weddell and crabeater seals throughout their entire distributions as obtained from satellite telemetry

Author

Hückstädt, L. A., Hindell, M., McMahon, C., Bengtson, J., Blix, A. S., Boehme, L., Bornemann, Horst, Boveng, P., Burns, J., Charrassin, J. B., Fedak, M., Goebel, M., Goetz, K., Guinet, C., Nicholls, K., Nordøy, E., Plötz, Joachim, Southwell, C., Costa, D., Hückstädt, L. A., Hindell, M., McMahon, C., Bengtson, J., Blix, A. S., Boehme, L., Bornemann, Horst, Boveng, P., Burns, J., Charrassin, J. B., Fedak, M., Goebel, M., Goetz, K., Guinet, C., Nicholls, K., Nordøy, E., Plötz, Joachim, Southwell, C., and Costa, D.

Published
2014

23. A synoptic comparison of the foraging behaviour of Weddell and crabeater seals

Author

Costa, D., Hückstädt, L. A., Goetz, K., Robinson, P., Burns, J., Plötz, Joachim, Bornemann, Horst, Goebel, M., Charrassin, J. B., Hindell, M., Costa, D., Hückstädt, L. A., Goetz, K., Robinson, P., Burns, J., Plötz, Joachim, Bornemann, Horst, Goebel, M., Charrassin, J. B., and Hindell, M.

Abstract

The Expert Group on Birds and Marine Mammals (EG-BAMM) has initiated the "Retrospective Analysis of Antarctic Tracking Data" (RAATD) program. This project aims to create a predator community-wide assessment of habitat use in the entire the Southern Ocean. Identifying the basic habitat requirements of Antarctic predators is fundamental to understanding how they will respond to the human-induced challenges of commercial fisheries and climate change. This understanding can only be achieved if the underlying linkages to physical processes are related to animal movements. As part of this effort we are collating and synthesizing the available data on the foraging and movement patterns of Weddell and crabeater seals. While Weddell seals are one of the best studied top predators of the Southern Ocean, significantly less is known about crabeater seals, which are one of the most numerous mammals on the planet. We have synthesized the available tracks on these two seal species for comparison. We compare tracks from a 113 Weddell seals from the Weddell sea, the Antarctic Peninsula, East Antarctica and the Ross Sea and 53 crabeater seals from the Antarctic Peninsula and the Weddell Sea. The foraging behaviour of Weddell seals is surprising similar across the different regions, with dive durations ranging from 8.6 to 12.6 minutes with average ranging between 43 to 69 meters. Weddell seals tended to remain on the continental shelf and had similar movement patterns covering 7 to 13 km/day. In contrast crabeater seals moved greater absolute distances and greater distances per day ranging between 19.2 and 33.6 km/day. Further, their use of the continental shelf habitat varied with 85% of the crabeater seals on the wAP remaining on the shelf while only 24% remained on the shelf in the Weddell Sea.

Published
2014

25. Foraging areas of king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) breeding at Possession Island in the Southern Indian Ocean

Author

Pütz, K., Robert-Coudert, Y., Charrassin, J.-B., and Wilson, Rory P.

Abstract

Between January and March 1994 and between January and June 1995 we used Global Location Sensors(GLS) to determine the feeding areas of King Penguins Aptenodytes patagonicus breeding at Possession Island, Crozet Archipalago. In both years, the preferred feeding area during summer was located about 300 km south of the island, being slightly more distant in 1995. Mean foraging trip duration was 5.7±1.1 days (n = 6) during summer 1994 and 8.9±3.7 days (n = 9) during summer 1995, respectively. During summer the travelling speed of the King Penguins studied was highest at the first and last days of the foraging trip (c. 8 km/h). During the middle days of foraging trips travelling speeds were much lower (< 5 km/h). In early winter, between late April and mid-June 1995, two King Penguins equipped with GLSs executed foraging trips with durations of 53 and 59 days, respectively. Both birds travelled beyond 60°S with maximum distances to the colony of 1600 and 1800 km, respectively, and total distances covered of about 5000 km. The winter trips were characterized by alternating periods of higher and lower distances covered, indicating a highly variable feeding success at different localities. The relationships between foraging trip duration (days) and maximum distance to the colony (km) and total distance covered (km) were calculated to be maximum distance = 210 + 27 d and total distance = 340 + 85 d.

Published
2000

26. Biologging in the global ocean observing system

Author

Boehme, L., Kovacs, K., Lydersen, C., Nøst, O. A., Biuw, M., Charrassin, J. B., Roquet, F., Guinet, C., Meredith, M., Nicholls, K., Thorpe, S., Costa, D., Block, B., Hammill, M., Stenson, G., Muelbert, M., Bester, M. N., Plötz, Joachim, Bornemann, Horst, Hindell, M., Rintoul, S., Fedak, M., Lovell, P., Boehme, L., Kovacs, K., Lydersen, C., Nøst, O. A., Biuw, M., Charrassin, J. B., Roquet, F., Guinet, C., Meredith, M., Nicholls, K., Thorpe, S., Costa, D., Block, B., Hammill, M., Stenson, G., Muelbert, M., Bester, M. N., Plötz, Joachim, Bornemann, Horst, Hindell, M., Rintoul, S., Fedak, M., and Lovell, P.

Published
2010

27. New insights into Southern Ocean physical and biological processes revealed by instrumented elephant seals

Author

Hall, J., Harrison, D.E., Stammer, D., Charrassin, J.-B., Roquet, F., Park, Y.-H., Bailleul, F., Guinet, C., Meredith, Michael M., Nicholls, Keith, Thorpe, Sally, McDonald, B., Costa, D.P., Tremblay, I., Goebel, M., Muelbert, M., Bester, M.N., Plötz, J., Bornemann, H., Timmermann, R., Hindell, M., Meijers, A., Coleman, R.C., Field, I.C., McMahon, C.M., Rintoul, S.R., Sokolov, S., Boehme, Lars, Lovell, P., Fedak, M.A., Biuw, Martin, Nøst, O.A., Lydersen, C., Kovacs, K.M., Hall, J., Harrison, D.E., Stammer, D., Charrassin, J.-B., Roquet, F., Park, Y.-H., Bailleul, F., Guinet, C., Meredith, Michael M., Nicholls, Keith, Thorpe, Sally, McDonald, B., Costa, D.P., Tremblay, I., Goebel, M., Muelbert, M., Bester, M.N., Plötz, J., Bornemann, H., Timmermann, R., Hindell, M., Meijers, A., Coleman, R.C., Field, I.C., McMahon, C.M., Rintoul, S.R., Sokolov, S., Boehme, Lars, Lovell, P., Fedak, M.A., Biuw, Martin, Nøst, O.A., Lydersen, C., and Kovacs, K.M.

Abstract

In recent years, the international “Southern Elephant seals as Oceanographic Samplers” (SEaOS) project has deployed miniaturized conductivity-temperature-depth satellite-relayed data loggers (CTD-SRDL) on elephant seals 1) to study their winter foraging ecology in relation to oceanographic conditions, and 2) to collect hydrographic data from polar regions, which are otherwise sparsely sampled. We summarize here the main results that have been published in both science components since 2003/2004. Instrumented southern elephant seals visit different regions within the Southern Ocean (frontal zones, continental shelf, and/or ice covered areas) and forage in a variety of different water masses (e.g. Circumpolar Deep Water upwelling regions, High Salinity Shelf Water), depending on their geographic distribution. Adult females and juvenile males from Kerguelen Is. forage pelagically in frontal zones of the Southern Indian Ocean, while adult males forage benthically over the Kerguelen Plateau and the Antarctic Continental Shelf, with the two groups feeding at different trophic levels as shown by stable isotopes analysis. Oceanographic studies using the data collected from the seals have, to date, concentrated on circumpolar and regional studies of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) circulation. The temperature and salinity profiles documented by elephant seals at high latitudes, including below sea ice, have permitted quasi-circumpolar mapping of the southernmost fronts of the ACC. By merging conventional data and the high temporal and spatial resolution data collected by seal-borne SRDLs, it has been possible to describe precisely 1) the large-scale features of the ACC in the South Atlantic and its variability; 2) the circulation pattern over the Kerguelen plateau, revealing that the poorly known Fawn Trough concentrates an important proportion of the ACC flow in that region. Seals that foraged in ice covered areas have made eulerian time series available that have a

Published
2010

28. Biologging in the global ocean observing system

Author

Hall, J., Harrison, D.E., Stammer, D., Boehme, Lars, Kovacs, K., Lydersen, C., Nøst, O.A., Biuw, Martin, Charrassin, J.-B., Roquet, F., Guinet, C., Meredith, Michael, Nicholls, Keith, Thorpe, Sally, Costa, D.P., Block, B., Hammill, M., Stenson, G., Muelbert, M., Bester, M.N., Plötz, J., Bornemann, H., Hindell, M., Rintoul, S., Lovell, P., Fedak, M.A., Hall, J., Harrison, D.E., Stammer, D., Boehme, Lars, Kovacs, K., Lydersen, C., Nøst, O.A., Biuw, Martin, Charrassin, J.-B., Roquet, F., Guinet, C., Meredith, Michael, Nicholls, Keith, Thorpe, Sally, Costa, D.P., Block, B., Hammill, M., Stenson, G., Muelbert, M., Bester, M.N., Plötz, J., Bornemann, H., Hindell, M., Rintoul, S., Lovell, P., and Fedak, M.A.

Abstract

Miniature electronic data recorders and transmitters have revolutionized the way we study animals over the past decades, particularly marine animals at sea. But, very recently, animal-borne instruments have also been designed and implemented that provide in situ hydrographic data from parts of the oceans where little or no other data are currently available (even from beneath the ice in polar regions). Ocean data is delivered from animal-borne instruments via satellites in near real-time, which would enrich the Global Ocean Observing System if animal-borne instruments were deployed systematically. In the last 10 years, studies involving more than 10 countries (Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Greenland, Norway, South Africa, UK, USA) have demonstrated how highly accurate oceanographic sensors, integrated into standard animal, biologging instruments, can provide data of equal or better quality than XBT/XCTD data. Here, we present some of the pioneering studies and demonstrate that we now have enough information for many marine species to predict where they will go – within reasonable limits. Thus, we can direct sampling effort to particularly interesting and productive regions and maximize data return. In the future, biologging could certainly play an important part in the Global Ocean Observing System, by providing complementary data to more traditional sampling technologies - especially in the high latitudes. This paper will make a core contribution to the Plenary Sessions 4A, 4B and 5A and will be relevant to 2A, 2B and 3A.

Published
2010

29. Southern Ocean frontal structure and sea-ice formation rates revealed by elephant seals

Author

Charrassin, J. -b., Hindell, M., Rintoul, S. R., Roquet, Fabien, Sokolov, S., Biuw, M., Costa, D., Boehme, L., Lovell, P., Coleman, R., Timmermann, R., Meijers, A., Meredith, M., Park, Y. -h., Bailleul, F., Goebel, M., Tremblay, Y, Bost, C. -a., Mcmahon, C. R., Field, I. C., Fedak, M. A., Guinet, C, Charrassin, J. -b., Hindell, M., Rintoul, S. R., Roquet, Fabien, Sokolov, S., Biuw, M., Costa, D., Boehme, L., Lovell, P., Coleman, R., Timmermann, R., Meijers, A., Meredith, M., Park, Y. -h., Bailleul, F., Goebel, M., Tremblay, Y, Bost, C. -a., Mcmahon, C. R., Field, I. C., Fedak, M. A., and Guinet, C

Abstract

Polar regions are particularly sensitive to climate change, with the potential for significant feedbacks between ocean circulation, sea ice, and the ocean carbon cycle. However, the difficulty in obtaining in situ data means that our ability to detect and interpret change is very limited, especially in the Southern Ocean, where the ocean beneath the sea ice remains almost entirely unobserved and the rate of sea-ice formation is poorly known. Here, we show that southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) equipped with oceanographic sensors can measure ocean structure and water mass changes in regions and seasons rarely observed with traditional oceanographic platforms. In particular, seals provided a 30-fold increase in hydrographic profiles from the sea-ice zone, allowing the major fronts to be mapped south of 60 degrees S and sea-ice formation rates to be inferred from changes in upper ocean salinity. Sea-ice production rates peaked in early winter (April-May) during the rapid northward expansion of the pack ice and declined by a factor of 2 to 3 between May and August, in agreement with a three-dimensional coupled ocean-sea-ice model. By measuring the high-latitude ocean during winter, elephant seals fill a "blind spot" in our sampling coverage, enabling the establishment of a truly global ocean-observing system.

Published
2008
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30. Elephant Seals reveal frontal structure and sea ice formation rates in the Southern Ocean

Author

Timmermann, Ralph, Charrassin, J. B., Rintoul, S. R., Hindell, M., Roquet, F., Sokolov, S., Biuw, M., Costa, D., Boehme, L., Lovell, P., Coleman, R., Meijers, A., Meredith, M., Park, Y. H., Bailleul, F., Tremblay, Y., Bost, C. A., McMahon, C. R., Field, I. C., Fedak, M. A., Guinet, C., Timmermann, Ralph, Charrassin, J. B., Rintoul, S. R., Hindell, M., Roquet, F., Sokolov, S., Biuw, M., Costa, D., Boehme, L., Lovell, P., Coleman, R., Meijers, A., Meredith, M., Park, Y. H., Bailleul, F., Tremblay, Y., Bost, C. A., McMahon, C. R., Field, I. C., Fedak, M. A., and Guinet, C.

Abstract

Due to the low accessibility of the region, most of the seasonally ice-covered Southern Ocean remains unobserved during winter. Here we show that southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina), equipped with oceanographic sensors, can measure winter hydrography with unprecedented temporal and spatial resolution. Seals provided a 30-fold increase in hydrographic profiles from the sea ice zone, allowing the major fronts to be mapped south of 60°S. Sea-ice formation rates in the East Antarctic sector were estimated from salinity increase in the upper water column and compared to simulations with a circumpolar finite-element sea-ice ocean model. From the observations, peak freezing rates of 2.5-3 cm/d were estimated for the period from late April to early May during the rapid northward expansion of the ice cover. While the pack ice becomes more compact, sea ice formation declines to 1 cm/d in June/July, and virtually stops by the end of August, when the maximum ice extent is reached. Modeled and observed freezing rates agree remarkably well, so that the model can be used to complete the seasonal cycle. By sampling the ocean during winter, elephant seals fill a blind spot in our sampling coverage, bringing us closer to a truly global ocean observing system.

Published
2008

31. Buoyancy and maximal diving depth in penguins

Author

Sato, Katsufumi, primary, Naito, Y., additional, Kato, A., additional, Niizuma, Y., additional, Watanuki, Y., additional, Charrassin, J. B., additional, Bost, C.-A., additional, Handrich, Y., additional, and Le Maho, Y., additional

Published
2002
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33. Les mammifères marins de l’Océan Indien subtropical (Saint-Paul, Amsterdam) et nord de l’océan Austral (Kerguelen et Crozet) (Terres australes françaises des TAAF)

Author

Charrassin, Jean-Benoît, Processus de couplage à Petite Echelle, Ecosystèmes et Prédateurs Supérieurs (PEPS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Savouré-Soubelet A., Aulagnier S., Haffner P., Moutou F., Van Canneyt O., Charrassin J.‑B. & Ridoux V., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636))

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2016

34. Les mammifères marins de Océan Austral (Terre Adélie) (Terres antarctiques Françaises des TAAF)

Author

Charrassin, Jean-Benoit, Processus de couplage à Petite Echelle, Ecosystèmes et Prédateurs Supérieurs (PEPS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Savouré-Soubelet A., Aulagnier S., Haffner P., Moutou F., Van Canneyt O., Charrassin J.‑B. & Ridoux V., Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636))

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2016

35. Feeding behaviour of free-ranging penguins determined by oesophageal temperature.

Author

Charrassin JB, Kato A, Handrich Y, Sato K, Naito Y, Ancel A, Bost CA, Gauthier-Clerc M, Ropert-Coudert Y, and Le Maho Y

Subjects
Animals, Body Temperature, Birds physiology, Esophagus physiology, Feeding Behavior physiology
Abstract

Sea birds play a major role in marine food webs, and it is important to determine when and how much they feed at sea. A major advance has been made by using the drop in stomach temperature after ingestion of ectothermic prey. This method is less sensitive when birds eat small prey or when the stomach is full. Moreover, in diving birds, independently of food ingestion, there are fluctuations in the lower abdominal temperature during the dives. Using oesophageal temperature, we present here a new method for detecting the timing of prey ingestion in free-ranging sea birds, and, to our knowledge, report the first data obtained on king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus). In birds ashore, which were hand-fed 2-15 g pieces of fish, all meal ingestions were detected with a sensor in the upper oesophagus. Detection was poorer with sensors at increasing distances from the beak. At sea, slow temperature drops in the upper oesophagus and stomach characterized a diving effect per se. For the upper oesophagus only, abrupt temperature variations were superimposed, therefore indicating prey ingestions. We determined the depths at which these occurred. Combining the changes in oesophageal temperatures of marine predators with their diving pattern opens new perspectives for understanding their foraging strategy, and, after validation with concurrent applications of classical techniques of prey survey, for assessing the distribution of their prey.

Published
2001
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36. Seabirds as monitors of upper-ocean thermal structure. King penguins at the Antarctic polar front, east of Kerguelen sector.

Author

Koudil M, Charrassin JB, Le Maho Y, and Bost CA

Subjects
Animals, Antarctic Regions, Diving, Seasons, Seawater, Birds, Environmental Monitoring methods, Temperature
Abstract

The main objective of this work was to assess the potential of diving birds to monitor the hydrographic features near the Antarctic polar front. We compared the temperature/depth profiles recorded by instrumented King penguins Aptenodytes patagonicus at Kerguelen Islands (South Indian Ocean) with the oceanographic and remote sensing (satellite) data available for the same area during the same season. The birds were equipped with time/depth/temperature recorders or Argos transmitters. In addition, two birds were instrumented (of which one successfully) both with a time/depth/temperature recorder and an Argos transmitter. King penguins foraged as far as 400 km from the coast, in water masses with a vertical temperature structure characteristic of the region just south of the polar front. The temperature/depth profiles recorded throughout the dives (up to 270 m) revealed a pronounced thermocline. A three-dimensional distribution of water temperature was reconstructed. Comparison with previous hydrographic data shows a high correlation. Instrumented predators may therefore usefully and cheaply complement the database provided by conventional hydrographic surveys and remote sensing, especially in distant and rough areas such as the Southern Ocean.

Published
2000
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