29 results on '"Charlier, Brigitte"'
Search Results
2. Assessing the Speech Production of Multilingual Children: A Survey of Speech-Language Therapists in French-Speaking Belgium
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van der Straten Waillet, Pauline, Crowe, Kathryn, Charlier, Brigitte, and Colin, Cécile
- Abstract
Background: Assessing the speech production of multilingual children is challenging for speech-language therapists (SLTs) around the world. Scientific recommendations to improve clinical practice are available, but their implementation has mostly been described in studies from English-speaking countries. Aims: This survey aimed to describe the perspectives and practices of SLTs in assessing the speech production of multilingual children in French-speaking Belgium. Methods & Procedures: An online survey was completed by 134 SLTs in French-speaking Belgium. Outcomes & Results: SLTs predominantly used norm-referenced assessment approaches, which are not recommended for use with multilingual children, and lacked necessary training and resources to implement recommended practices in the assessment of speech production of multilingual children. The shift towards more appropriate practices with multilingual children seems to be in its infancy among SLTs in French-speaking Belgium. Some challenges identified by the SLTs were common to those in other countries and languages, such as the difficulty to distinguish between speech differences and speech disorders. Other challenges were specific to the French language and/or the Belgian context, such as the lack of appropriate tools in French. Conclusions & Implications: Action is required to improve clinical practice in assessing the speech production of multilingual children in French-speaking contexts: better training for SLTs regarding linguistic diversity, more implementation research in the field of SLT, and advocacy for linguistic diversity with decision makers.
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- 2023
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3. Nasal/Oral Vowel Perception in French-Speaking Children With Cochlear Implants and Children With Typical Hearing.
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Fagniart, Sophie, Delvaux, Véronique, Harmegnies, Bernard, Huberlant, Anne, Huet, Kathy, Piccaluga, Myriam, Watterman, Isabelle, and Charlier, Brigitte
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VOWELS ,COCHLEAR implants ,PROMPTS (Psychology) ,PHONOLOGICAL awareness ,HEARING disorders in children ,CHI-squared test ,PHYSIOLOGICAL aspects of speech ,ANALYSIS of variance ,SPEECH perception ,PHONETICS ,AUDITORY perception - Abstract
Purpose: The present study investigates the perception of vowel nasality in French-speaking children with cochlear implants (CIs; CI group) and children with typical hearing (TH; TH group) aged 4–12 years. By investigating the vocalic nasality feature in French, the study aims to document more broadly the effects of the acoustic limitations of CI in processing segments characterized by acoustic cues that require optimal spectral resolution. The impact of various factors related to children’s characteristics, such as chronological/auditory age, age of implantation, and exposure to cued speech, has been studied on performance, and the acoustic characteristics of the stimuli in perceptual tasks have also been investigated. Method: Identification and discrimination tasks involving French nasal and oral vowels were administered to two groups of children: 13 children with CIs (CI group) and 25 children with TH (TH group) divided into three age groups (4– 6 years, 7–9 years, and 10–12 years). French nasal vowels were paired with their oral phonological counterpart (phonological pairing) as well as to the closest oral vowel in terms of phonetic proximity (phonetic pairing). Post hoc acoustic analyses of the stimuli were linked to the performance in perception. Results: The results indicate an effect of the auditory status on the performance in the two tasks, with the CI group performing at a lower level than the TH group. However, the scores of the children in the CI group are well above chance level, exceeding 80%. The most common errors in identification were substitutions between nasal vowels and phonetically close oral vowels as well as confusions between the phoneme /u/ and other oral vowels. Phonetic pairs showed lower discrimination performance in the CI group with great variability in the results. Age effects were observed only in TH children for nasal vowel identification, whereas in children with CIs, a positive impact of cued speech practice and early implantation was found. Differential links between performance and acoustic characteristics were found within our groups, suggesting that in children with CIs, selective use of certain acoustic features, presumed to be better transmitted by the implant, leads to better perceptual performance. Conclusions: The study’s results reveal specific challenges in children with CIs when processing segments characterized by fine spectral resolution cues. However, the CI children in our study appear to effectively compensate for these difficulties by utilizing various acoustic cues assumed to be well transmitted by the implant, such as cues related to the temporal resolution of stimuli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Implementing recommended approaches to assessing multilingual children's speech: Evidence from a French-speaking context.
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van der Straten Waillet, Pauline, Charlier, Brigitte, Crowe, Kathryn M., and Colin, Cécile
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INTELLIGIBILITY of speech ,SPEECH ,LINGUISTIC context ,SPEECH disorders - Abstract
Traditional approaches to assessing speech production are not appropriate for the diagnosis of speech sound disorders (SSD) in multilingual children. This study explored the implementation of recommended approaches to assessing the speech production of multilingual children in a French-speaking context. The speech production of 20 multilingual and 20 monolingual children aged 4-6 years was examined using a standardised naming task, parental ratings of intelligibility, and parental concern about speech development. We compared the diagnostic outcomes for monolingual and multilingual children using the norm-referenced approach and a criterion-referenced approach, based on percentage of consonant correct (PCC). We then examined the diagnostic outcomes for the 20 multilingual children using the recommended converging evidence approach (considering multiple measures). Results confirmed that the norm-referenced approach is not appropriate for French-speaking multilingual children, leading to an overdiagnosis of SSD. The converging evidence approach allowed for more informed and more nuanced diagnostic decisions for multilingual children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. Nasal vowel production and grammatical processing in French-speaking children with cochlear implants and normal-hearing peers.
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Fagniart, Sophie, primary, Delvaux, Véronique, additional, Charlier, Brigitte, additional, Harmegnies, Bernard, additional, Huberlant, Anne, additional, Piccaluga, Myriam, additional, and Huet, Kathy, additional
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- 2023
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6. Assessing the speech production of multilingual children: A survey of speech‐language therapists in French‐speaking Belgium
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van der Straten Waillet, Pauline, primary, Crowe, Kathryn, additional, Charlier, Brigitte, additional, and Colin, Cécile, additional
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- 2023
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7. Perception et production du trait de voisement chez l’enfant porteur d’implant(s) cochléaire(s)
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Fagniart Sophie, Charlier Brigitte, Delvaux Véronique, Doutriaux Chloé, Huberlant Anne, Huet Kathy, Piccaluga Myriam, and Harmegnies Bernard
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Social Sciences - Abstract
Dans cette communication, nous décrirons une première étude visant à caractériser la perception et la production de consonnes occlusives voisées et non voisées auprès d’enfants présentant une surdité et porteurs d’implant(s) cochléaire(s), et d’enfants normo-entendants. Une tâche de perception catégorielle a ainsi montré des profils différents entre nos deux groupes d’enfants, les enfants implantés présentant des performances dans des tâches d’identification et de discrimination qui différaient de celles de leurs pairs entendants, pouvant suggérer une perception moins catégorielle. Au niveau productif, tandis que les deux groupes d’enfants présentaient des performances équivalentes en termes d’adéquation des productions voisées et non voisées, les analyses acoustiques réalisées sur les productions ont montré des valeurs de Voice Onset Time significativement plus courtes chez les enfants implantés.
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- 2020
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8. Speech-Language Pathologists’ Support for Parents of Young d/Deaf Multilingual Learners
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van der Straten Waillet, Pauline, primary, Colin, Cécile, additional, Crowe, Kathryn, additional, and Charlier, Brigitte, additional
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- 2022
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9. Speech-Language Pathologists' Support for Parents of Young d/Deaf Multilingual Learners.
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Waillet, Pauline van der Straten, Colin, Cécile, Crowe, Kathryn, and Charlier, Brigitte
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TREATMENT of deafness ,OCCUPATIONAL roles ,PARENT attitudes ,SOCIAL support ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,PARENTS of children with disabilities ,MULTILINGUALISM ,COMMUNICATION barriers ,CULTURAL pluralism ,INTERVIEWING ,MEDICAL personnel ,PATIENTS' families ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,EARLY intervention (Education) ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CLINICAL competence ,NEEDS assessment ,THEMATIC analysis ,SPEECH therapists ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Increasing cultural and linguistic diversity among children and families brings new challenges for early intervention professionals. The purpose of this study was to identify the specific roles and needs of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) who practice in early intervention settings with culturally and linguistically diverse families of d/Deaf multilingual learners (DMLs). Thirteen SLPs completed an online survey about their practices and needs. Interviews were conducted with five parents of DMLs. Results showed that SLPs have lower self-satisfaction with families of DMLs compared to mainstream families. Parents were highly satisfied with the support they received. Both groups of participants reported a need for specific tools or adaptations, especially if there was no shared language. Thematic analysis identified three themes: communication and partnership, professional resources for responding to diversity, and diversity of parental profiles. This article provides an insight into the perspectives of both professionals and culturally and linguistically diverse parents, and identifies specific aspects of early intervention services with parents of DMLs: developing partnership in the context of cultural and/or linguistic differences, discussing topics related to multilingualism, and providing highly adaptable family-centered services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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10. Visual Speech in the Head: The Effect of Cued-Speech on Rhyming, Remembering, and Spelling
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Leybaert, Jacqueline and Charlier, Brigitte
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- 1996
11. Perception et production du trait de nasalité vocalique chez l’enfant porteur d’implants cochléaires
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Fagniart, Sophie, Charlier, Brigitte, Delvaux, Véronique, Huberlant, Anne, Huet, Kathy, Piccaluga, Myriam, Watterman, Isabelle, Harmegnies, Bernard, Université de Mons (UMons), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique [Bruxelles] (FNRS), Centre Comprendre et Parler, Benzitoun, Christophe, Braud, Chloé, Huber, Laurine, Langlois, David, Ouni, Slim, Pogodalla, Sylvain, Schneider, Stéphane, UMONS, ULB - Centre Comprendre et Parler, UMONS - FNRS, and ULB
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[INFO.INFO-CL] Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL] ,phonétique ,implant cochléaire ,production ,nasalité vocalique ,perception ,[INFO.INFO-CL]Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL] - Abstract
L’implant cochléaire, malgré une amélioration considérable de la perception auditive, ne fournit qu’une information acoustique partielle, pouvant donner lieu à des difficultés de perception de certains contrastes phonétiques. L’étude présentée vise à déterminer les compétences de perception et de production des voyelles nasales et orales d’enfants porteurs d’implants cochléaires en comparaison aux compétences d’enfants normo-entendants. Malgré des résultats très satisfaisants dans les deux groupes, on observe des patterns d’erreurs spécifiques au groupe d’enfants implantés dans les tâches perceptives, ainsi que certaines particularités dans la réalisation phonétique des voyelles nasales, portant notamment sur les valeurs de bande passante.
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- 2020
12. The rhyming skills of deaf children educated with phonetically augmented speechreading
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Charlier, Brigitte L. and Leybaert, Jacqueline
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Children, Deaf -- Language ,Phonetics -- Psychological aspects ,Speech perception in children -- Research ,Deaf ,Rhyme -- Psychological aspects ,Psychology and mental health - Abstract
This study compares the rhyming ability of deaf children who were educated through cued speech to those who were educated primarily through sign language. Cued speech is a communication system that uses gestures to provide the learner with phonological information that aids in disambiguating sounds, which enhances rhyme judgement.
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- 2000
13. Complete signed and cued French: an original signed language-cued speech combination
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Charlier, Brigitte L.
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Deaf -- Education ,Sign language -- Study and teaching ,French language -- Study and teaching ,Children, Deaf -- Language ,Education - Abstract
The Complete Signed and Cued French (CSCF) method combines Cued Speech and signs for language acquisition among the deaf. CSCF utilizes the advantages of Cued Speech resulting in improved comprehension of spoken language; total perception of phonology, morphology and syntax; development of reading skills and expressive independence. CSCF also incorporates the advantages of Complete Signed French such as its easy acquisition, early comprehension and expression. The CSCF is a flexible approach which adapts to individual learning rhythms while ensuring comprehension.
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- 1992
14. Perception et production du trait de voisement chez l'enfant porteur d'implant(s) cochléaire(s).
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Neveu, F., Harmegnies, B., Hriba, L., Prévost, S., Steuckardt, A., Fagniart, Sophie, Charlier, Brigitte, Delvaux, Véronique, Doutriaux, Chloé, Huberlant, Anne, Huet, Kathy, Piccaluga, Myriam, and Harmegnies, Bernard
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- 2020
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15. The Neural Basis of Speech Perception through Lipreading and Manual Cues: Evidence from Deaf Native Users of Cued Speech
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Aparicio, Mario, primary, Peigneux, Philippe, additional, Charlier, Brigitte, additional, Balériaux, Danielle, additional, Kavec, Martin, additional, and Leybaert, Jacqueline, additional
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- 2017
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16. Apport de la modalité visuelle dans la perception de la parole
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Colin, Cécile, Leybaert, Jacqueline, Charlier, Brigitte, Mansbach, Anne-Laure, Ligny, Chantal, Ventura, M., and Deltenre, Paul
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Sciences humaines - Abstract
info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2008
17. Surdité
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Alegria Iscoa, Jesus, Charlier, Brigitte, Leybaert, Jacqueline, Hage, Catherine, and D'Hondt, Murielle
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Psychologie - Abstract
Chapitre 11, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 1999
18. The effect of exposure to phonetically augmented lipspeech in the prelingual deaf
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Leybaert, Jacqueline, Alegria Iscoa, Jesus, Hage, Catherine, and Charlier, Brigitte
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Psychologie - Abstract
info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 1998
19. Early experience of Cued Speech enhances speechreading performance in deaf
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APARICIO, MARIO, primary, PEIGNEUX, PHILIPPE, additional, CHARLIER, BRIGITTE, additional, NEYRAT, CHARLOTTE, additional, and LEYBAERT, JACQUELINE, additional
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- 2011
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20. Le développement des représentations phonologiques chez l'enfant sourd: étude comparative du langage parlé complété avec d'autres outils de communication
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Charlier, Brigitte and Alegria Iscoa, Jesus
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Psychologie ,Deaf children -- Language ,Perception du langage chez l'enfant -- Expériences ,Lipreading ,Lecture sur les lèvres ,Sign language ,Enfants sourds -- Langage ,Langage par signes ,Speech perception in children -- Experiments - Abstract
Doctorat en sciences psychologiques, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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- 1994
21. On the origin of phonological representations in the deaf: listening the lips and the hands
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Alegria Iscoa, Jesus, Leybaert, Jacqueline, Charlier, Brigitte, and Hage, Catherine
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Psychologie - Abstract
info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 1992
22. Compétences cognitives, linguistiques et sociales de l'enfant sourd
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Hage, Catherine, primary, Charlier, Brigitte, additional, and Leybaert, Jacqueline, additional
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- 2006
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23. The Role of Lip-reading and Cued Speech in the Processing of Phonological Information in French-educated Deaf Children
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Alegria, Jesus, primary, Charlier, Brigitte L., additional, and Mattys, Sven, additional
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- 1999
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24. Early experience of Cued Speech enhances speechreading performance in deaf.
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APARICIO, MARIO, PEIGNEUX, PHILIPPE, CHARLIER, BRIGITTE, NEYRAT, CHARLOTTE, and LEYBAERT, JACQUELINE
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ANALYSIS of variance ,DEAFNESS ,LIPREADING ,PSYCHOLOGY of People with disabilities ,RESEARCH funding ,SPEECH ,STATISTICS ,DATA analysis ,EARLY intervention (Education) ,PROMPTS (Psychology) ,REPEATED measures design ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Aparicio, M., Peigneux, P., Charlier, B., Neyrat, C. & Leybaert, J. (2011). Early experience of Cued Speech enhances speechreading performance in deaf. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 53, 41-46. It is known that deaf individuals usually outperform normal hearing subjects in speechreading; however, the underlying reasons remain unclear. In the present study, speechreading performance was assessed in normal hearing participants (NH), deaf participants who had been exposed to the Cued Speech (CS) system early and intensively, and deaf participants exposed to oral language without Cued Speech (NCS). Results show a gradation in performance with highest performance in CS, then in NCS, and finally NH participants. Moreover, error analysis suggests that speechreading processing is more accurate in the CS group than in the other groups. Given that early and intensive CS has been shown to promote development of accurate phonological processing, we propose that the higher speechreading results in Cued Speech users are linked to a better capacity in phonological decoding of visual articulators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
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25. Effect of Anticonvulsant Drugs on 7-Hydroxybutyrate Release from Hippocampal Slices: Inhibition by Valproate and Ethosuximide.
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Vayer, Philippe, Charlier, Brigitte, Mandel, Paul, and Maitre, Michel
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- 1987
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26. Analogs of .gamma.-hydroxybutyric acid. Synthesis and binding studies
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Bourguignon, Jean Jacques, primary, Schoenfelder, Angele, additional, Schmitt, Martine, additional, Wermuth, Camille Georges, additional, Hechler, Viviane, additional, Charlier, Brigitte, additional, and Maitre, Michel, additional
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- 1988
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27. Perception de la langue française parlée complétée: intégration du trio lèvres-main-son
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Bayard, Clémence, Colin, Cécile, Leybaert, Jacqueline, Deltenre, Paul, Schwartz, Jean-Luc, Charlier, Brigitte, Alegria Iscoa, Jesus, Colin, Stéphanie M.L., Alegria, Jesus, and Colin, Stéphanie
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multimodal speech perception ,Lipreading ,Speech perception ,audiovisual speech integration ,Deafness ,Perception de la parole ,Surdité ,Cued Speech ,Psychologie ,Lecture sur les lèvres ,Deaf -- Means of communication ,Sign language ,Sourds -- Moyens de communication ,Langage par signes - Abstract
La Langue française Parlée Complétée est un système peu connu du grand public. Adapté du Cued Speech en 1977, il a pour ambition d’aider les sourds francophones à percevoir un message oral en complétant les informations fournies par la lecture labiale à l’aide d’un geste manuel. Si, depuis sa création, la LPC a fait l’objet de nombreuses recherches scientifiques, peu de chercheurs ont, jusqu’à présent, étudié les processus mis en jeu dans la perception de la parole codée. Or, par la présence conjointe d’indices visuels (liés aux lèvres et à la main) et d’indices auditifs (via les prothèses auditives ou l’implant cochléaire), l’étude de la LPC offre un cadre idéal pour les recherches sur l’intégration multimodale dans le traitement de la parole. En effet, on sait aujourd’hui que sourds comme normo-entendants mettent à contribution l’ouïe et la vue pour percevoir la parole, un phénomène appelé intégration audio-visuelle (AV).Dans le cadre de cette thèse nous avons cherché à objectiver et caractériser l’intégration labio-manuelle dans la perception de la parole codée. Le poids accordé par le système perceptif aux informations manuelles, d’une part, et aux informations labiales, d’autre part, dépend-il de la qualité de chacune d’entre elles ?Varie-t-il en fonction du statut auditif ?Quand l’information auditive est disponible, comment le traitement de l’information manuelle est-il incorporé au traitement audio-visuel ?Pour tenter de répondre à cette série de questions, cinq paradigmes expérimentaux ont été créés et administrés à des adultes sourds et normo-entendants décodant la LPC. Les trois premières études étaient focalisées sur la perception de la parole codée sans informations auditives. Dans l’étude n° 1, le but était d’objectiver l’intégration labio-manuelle ;l’impact de la qualité des informations labiales et du statut auditif sur cette intégration a également été investigué. L’objectif de l’étude n° 2 était d’examiner l’impact conjoint de la qualité des informations manuelles et labiales ;nous avons également comparé des décodeurs normo-entendants à des décodeurs sourds. Enfin, dans l’étude n° 3, nous avons examiné, chez des décodeurs normo-entendants et sourds, l’effet de l’incongruence entre les informations labiales et manuelles sur la perception de mots. Les deux dernières études étaient focalisées sur la perception de la parole codée avec du son. L’objectif de l’étude n°4 était de comparer l’impact de la LPC sur l’intégration AV entre les sourds et les normo-entendants. Enfin, dans l’étude n°5, nous avons comparé l’impact de la LPC chez des décodeurs sourds présentant une récupération auditive faible ou forte. Nos résultats ont permis de confirmer le véritable ancrage du code LPC sur la parole et de montrer que le poids de chaque information au sein du processus d’intégration est dépendant notamment de la qualité du stimulus manuel, de la qualité du stimulus labial et du niveau de performance auditive., Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
- Published
- 2014
28. Audio-visual speech integration: does the visual weight depend on age and language development?
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Huyse, Aurélie, Leybaert, Jacqueline, Charlier, Brigitte, Barone, Pascal, Serniclaes, Willy, Colin, Cécile, and Deltenre, Paul
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visual reduction ,réduction visuelle ,Visual perception ,Speech perception ,effet McGurk ,perception/McGyrk effect ,Langage -- Acquisition -- Aspect physiologique ,démasquage auditif ,perception ,Perception visuelle ,Perception de la parole ,Psychologie ,Language acquisition -- Physiological aspects ,masking release ,Lecture sur les lèvres -- Aspect psychologique ,Lipreading -- Psychological aspects - Abstract
Pour percevoir la parole, le cerveau humain utilise les informations sensorielles provenant non seulement de la modalité auditive mais également de la modalité visuelle. En effet, de précédentes recherches ont mis en évidence l’importance de la lecture labiale dans la perception de la parole, en montrant sa capacité à améliorer et à modifier celle-ci. C’est ce que l’on appelle l’intégration audio-visuelle de la parole. L’objectif de cette thèse de doctorat était d’étudier la possibilité de faire varier ce processus d’intégration en fonction de différentes variables. Ce travail s’inscrit ainsi au cœur d’un débat régnant depuis plusieurs années, celui opposant l’hypothèse d’une intégration audio-visuelle universelle à l’hypothèse d’une intégration dépendante du contexte. C’est dans ce cadre que nous avons réalisé les cinq études constituant cette thèse, chacune d’elles investiguant l’impact d’une variable bien précise sur l’intégration bimodale :la qualité du signal visuel, l’âge des participants, le fait de porter un implant cochléaire, l’âge au moment de l’implantation cochléaire et le fait d’avoir des troubles spécifiques du langage. Le paradigme expérimental utilisé consistait toujours en une tâche d’identification de syllabes présentées dans trois modalités :auditive seule, visuelle seule et audio-visuelle (congruente et incongruente). Les cinq études avaient également comme point commun la présentation de stimuli visuels dont la qualité était réduite, visant à empêcher une lecture labiale de bonne qualité. Le but de chacune de ces études était non seulement d’examiner si les performances variaient en fonction des variables investiguées mais également de déterminer si les différences provenaient bien du processus d’intégration lui-même et non uniquement de différences au niveau de la perception unimodale. Pour cela, les scores des participants ont été comparés à des scores prédits sur base d’un modèle prenant en compte les variations individuelles des poids auditifs et visuels, le weighted fuzzy-logical model of perception.L’ensemble des résultats, discuté dans la dernière partie de ce travail, fait pencher la balance en faveur de l’hypothèse d’une intégration dépendante du contexte. Nous proposons alors une nouvelle architecture de fusion bimodale, prenant en compte ces dernières données. Enfin, les implications sont aussi d’ordre pratique, suggérant la nécessité d’incorporer des évaluations et rééducations à la fois auditives et visuelles dans le cadre des programmes de revalidation de personnes âgées, dysphasiques ou avec implant cochléaire./During face-to-face conversation, perception of auditory speech is influenced by the visual speech cues contained in lip movements. Indeed, previous research has highlighted the ability of lip-reading to enhance and even modify speech perception. This phenomenon is known as audio-visual integration. The aim of this doctoral thesis is to study the possibility of modifying this audio-visual integration according to several variables. This work lies into the scope of an important debate between invariant versus subject-dependent audio-visual integration in speech processing. Each study of this dissertation investigates the impact of a specific variable on bimodal integration: the quality of the visual input, age of participants, the use of a cochlear implant, age at cochlear implantation and the presence of specific language impairments. The paradigm used always consisted of a syllable identification task, where syllables were presented in three modalities: auditory only, visual only and audio-visual (congruent and incongruent). There was also a condition where the quality of the visual input was reduced, in order to prevent a lip-reading of good quality. The aim of each of the five studies was not only to examine whether performances were modified according to the variable under study but also to ascertain that differences were indeed issued from the integration process itself. Thereby, our results were analyzed in the framework of model predictive of audio-visual speech performance (weighted fuzzy-logical model of perception) in order to disentangle unisensory effects from audio-visual integration effects. Taken together, our data suggest that speech integration is not automatic but rather depends on the context. We propose a new architecture of bimodal fusions, taking these considerations into account. Finally, there are also practical implications suggesting the need to incorporate not only auditory but also visual exercise in the rehabilitation programs of older adults and children with cochlear implants or with specific language impairements., Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
- Published
- 2012
29. Intégration audio-visuelle de la parole: le poids de la vision varie-t-il en fonction de l'âge et du développement langagier?/Audio-visual speech integration: does the visual weight depend on age and language development?
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Huyse, Aurélie, Charlier, Brigitte, Barone, Pascal, Leybaert, Jacqueline, Serniclaes, Willy, Colin, Cécile, and Deltenre, Paul
- Subjects
visual reduction ,réduction visuelle ,effet McGurk ,perception/McGyrk effect ,masking release ,démasquage auditif ,perception - Abstract
Pour percevoir la parole, le cerveau humain utilise les informations sensorielles provenant non seulement de la modalité auditive mais également de la modalité visuelle. En effet, de précédentes recherches ont mis en évidence l’importance de la lecture labiale dans la perception de la parole, en montrant sa capacité à améliorer et à modifier celle-ci. C’est ce que l’on appelle l’intégration audio-visuelle de la parole. L’objectif de cette thèse de doctorat était d’étudier la possibilité de faire varier ce processus d’intégration en fonction de différentes variables. Ce travail s’inscrit ainsi au cœur d’un débat régnant depuis plusieurs années, celui opposant l’hypothèse d’une intégration audio-visuelle universelle à l’hypothèse d’une intégration dépendante du contexte. C’est dans ce cadre que nous avons réalisé les cinq études constituant cette thèse, chacune d’elles investiguant l’impact d’une variable bien précise sur l’intégration bimodale :la qualité du signal visuel, l’âge des participants, le fait de porter un implant cochléaire, l’âge au moment de l’implantation cochléaire et le fait d’avoir des troubles spécifiques du langage. Le paradigme expérimental utilisé consistait toujours en une tâche d’identification de syllabes présentées dans trois modalités :auditive seule, visuelle seule et audio-visuelle (congruente et incongruente). Les cinq études avaient également comme point commun la présentation de stimuli visuels dont la qualité était réduite, visant à empêcher une lecture labiale de bonne qualité. Le but de chacune de ces études était non seulement d’examiner si les performances variaient en fonction des variables investiguées mais également de déterminer si les différences provenaient bien du processus d’intégration lui-même et non uniquement de différences au niveau de la perception unimodale. Pour cela, les scores des participants ont été comparés à des scores prédits sur base d’un modèle prenant en compte les variations individuelles des poids auditifs et visuels, le weighted fuzzy-logical model of perception. L’ensemble des résultats, discuté dans la dernière partie de ce travail, fait pencher la balance en faveur de l’hypothèse d’une intégration dépendante du contexte. Nous proposons alors une nouvelle architecture de fusion bimodale, prenant en compte ces dernières données. Enfin, les implications sont aussi d’ordre pratique, suggérant la nécessité d’incorporer des évaluations et rééducations à la fois auditives et visuelles dans le cadre des programmes de revalidation de personnes âgées, dysphasiques ou avec implant cochléaire./During face-to-face conversation, perception of auditory speech is influenced by the visual speech cues contained in lip movements. Indeed, previous research has highlighted the ability of lip-reading to enhance and even modify speech perception. This phenomenon is known as audio-visual integration. The aim of this doctoral thesis is to study the possibility of modifying this audio-visual integration according to several variables. This work lies into the scope of an important debate between invariant versus subject-dependent audio-visual integration in speech processing. Each study of this dissertation investigates the impact of a specific variable on bimodal integration: the quality of the visual input, age of participants, the use of a cochlear implant, age at cochlear implantation and the presence of specific language impairments. The paradigm used always consisted of a syllable identification task, where syllables were presented in three modalities: auditory only, visual only and audio-visual (congruent and incongruent). There was also a condition where the quality of the visual input was reduced, in order to prevent a lip-reading of good quality. The aim of each of the five studies was not only to examine whether performances were modified according to the variable under study but also to ascertain that differences were indeed issued from the integration process itself. Thereby, our results were analyzed in the framework of model predictive of audio-visual speech performance (weighted fuzzy-logical model of perception) in order to disentangle unisensory effects from audio-visual integration effects. Taken together, our data suggest that speech integration is not automatic but rather depends on the context. We propose a new architecture of bimodal fusions, taking these considerations into account. Finally, there are also practical implications suggesting the need to incorporate not only auditory but also visual exercise in the rehabilitation programs of older adults and children with cochlear implants or with specific language impairements., Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2012
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