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1. Wildlife–livestock interactions in animal production systems: what are the biosecurity and health implications?

Author: Salome Dürr, Victoria Brookes, Ferran Jori, Ioannis Magouras, Marta Hernandez-Jover, Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], Charles Sturt University [Australia], City University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong] (CUHK), and University of Bern
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biosecurity, L73 - Maladies des animaux, medicine.disease_cause, Rinderpest virus, Interactions biologiques, 0302 clinical medicine, Food Animals, Global health, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, biodiversity, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, 630 Agriculture, biology, Agroforestry, Santé animale, Système de production, 3. Good health, Geography, interface, Livestock, Bétail, wildlife, Gestion du risque, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Wildlife, Rinderpest, diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, education, Transmission des maladies, 030304 developmental biology, business.industry, L01 - Élevage - Considérations générales, L70 - Sciences et hygiène vétérinaires - Considérations générales, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Feature Articles, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, livestock, Biosécurité, 13. Climate action, AcademicSubjects/SCI00960, Animal Science and Zoology, Production animale, business, spill-over
Abstract: The ongoing COVID-19 crisis has emphasized more than ever the relevance of wildlife as a potential source of pathogens for other species, including humans, and the potential importance that interactions with wildlife can have on global health. Nevertheless, in the veterinary world, the concept of wildlife as a potential reservoir and source of pathogens detrimental to livestock production and health has been known for centuries. Well-known examples of livestock diseases in which the interface with wildlife plays, or has played, an important role include rinderpest, avian influenza, foot and mouth disease (FMD), and African swine fever (ASF). Rinderpest, caused by a morbillivirus of the family Paramyxoviridae, is one of only two diseases that have been globally eradicated (the other being smallpox in humans), after having caused major disease outbreaks in domestic and wild artiodactyl species for centuries. After a globally coordinated eradication campaign, the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations announced in 2011 that rinderpest virus had been eliminated from livestock, thus declaring global freedom from this disease (Hamilton et al., 2017). Circulation of rinderpest virus in endemic regions in wild susceptible species was an important consideration in the eradication campaign, and lack of recognition of wildlife reservoirs was one of the factors to which failure of initial campaigns in the 1960s and 70s was attributed (Morens et al., 2011). Other diseases, such as ASF and FMD, are still endemic and expanding across different regions of the world. FMD is estimated to be endemic in 77% of the global livestock population, in Africa, Asia, and some parts of South America (OIE, 2021a) and ASF is becoming endemic in Africa, Europe, Asia, and some parts of Oceania (OIE, 2021b). Efforts to control or eradicate these diseases are challenging, particularly in those areas where wild reservoir hosts contribute to their maintenance and spread. African swine fever virus (ASFV) has been known for more than a century to be maintained in the soft tick-warthog sylvatic cycle in natural savannah environments in East and Southern Africa. Occasional interactions between ASFV-infected ticks and domestic pigs have facilitated the dissemination of several ASFV genotypes into the domestic pig value-chain in Africa and subsequently into other parts of the world (Dixon et al., 2020). During the currently ongoing pandemic of ASF, the wild boar population in Europe has played a central role in the propagation of the virus into new areas. While most ASF spread appears to occur within domestic pig populations due to anthropogenic factors, incursions of ASFV into low biosecurity domestic pig farming systems from wild boar are also important (Brookes et al., 2021). Likewise, transboundary spread of FMD in susceptible domestic livestock such as cattle and pigs is commonly mediated by anthropogenic factors, such as movement of infected livestock, or the feeding of infected products to susceptible species (Di Nardo et al., 2011). However, in East and Southern Africa, the African buffalo interface plays an important role in maintaining FMD virus (FMDV) strains and disseminating them to adjacent susceptible livestock populations (Jori and Etter, 2016). These examples provide only a snapshot illustration of the potential role of wildlife on livestock disease and demonstrate the importance of the wildlife–livestock interface. At a planetary scale, several factors act as major drivers of increased wildlife–livestock interactions at these interfaces (Magouras et al., 2020). Critical drivers include the need to feed an ever-increasing world human population, which has altered the way in which livestock are farmed, the way in which we interact with the ecosystem, and climate change. These drivers not only increase the intensity and frequency of interactions between wildlife and potential spillover populations (e.g., humans and domesticated animals such as livestock) but also facilitate new transmission pathways for potential emerging pathogens. Some of the impacts of these interactions have been well-described in the literature, particularly those affecting livestock production and health. However, these interactions can also have very significant and devastating effects on wildlife populations and the environment. Importantly, circulation of undetected pathogens in the domestic and wild animal compartments also provides opportunity for the development of potentially dangerous emerging infectious diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the drivers of wildlife–livestock interactions and their potential impacts on terrestrial livestock production. We define wildlife as any domesticated or non-domesticated species that is free-ranging and does not depend on mankind for food or reproduction. In addition, we present and discuss the major tools and methods to reduce wildlife–livestock contact and to mitigate its health implications, including biosecurity measures and the approaches and potential solutions for improved cohabitation between livestock and wildlife to encourage biodiversity and reduce negative impacts such as disease spillover.
Published: 2021
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2. Population-level risks of alcohol consumption by amount, geography, age, sex, and year: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020

Author: Dana Bryazka, Marissa B Reitsma, Max G Griswold, Kalkidan Hassen Abate, Cristiana Abbafati, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Amir Abdoli, Mohammad Abdollahi, Abu Yousuf Md Abdullah, E S Abhilash, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Juan Manuel Acuna, Giovanni Addolorato, Oladimeji M Adebayo, Victor Adekanmbi, Kishor Adhikari, Sangeet Adhikari, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Saira Afzal, Wubetu Yimam Agegnehu, Manik Aggarwal, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Araz Ramazan Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmad, Ali Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadi, Haroon Ahmed, Tarik Ahmed Rashid, Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna, Hanadi Al Hamad, Md Zakiul Alam, Dejene Tsegaye Alem, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Yousef Alimohamadi, Atiyeh Alizadeh, Kasim Allel, Jordi Alonso, Saba Alvand, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Firehiwot Amare, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Sohrab Amiri, Robert Ancuceanu, Jason A Anderson, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Andrei, Jalal Arabloo, Muhammad Arshad, Anton A Artamonov, Zahra Aryan, Malke Asaad, Mulusew A Asemahagn, Thomas Astell-Burt, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Desta Debalkie Atnafu, Prince Atorkey, Alok Atreya, Floriane Ausloos, Marcel Ausloos, Getinet Ayano, Martin Amogre ayanore Ayanore, Olatunde O Ayinde, Jose L Ayuso-Mateos, Sina Azadnajafabad, Melkalem Mamuye Azanaw, Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy, Amirhossein Azari Jafari, Ahmed Y Azzam, Ashish D Badiye, Nasser Bagheri, Sara Bagherieh, Mohan Bairwa, Shankar M Bakkannavar, Ravleen Kaur Bakshi, Awraris Hailu Balchut/Bilchut, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Fabio Barra, Amadou Barrow, Pritish Baskaran, Luis Belo, Derrick A Bennett, Isabela M Benseñor, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Neeraj Bhala, Ashish Bhalla, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Sonu Bhaskar, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Vijayalakshmi S Bhojaraja, Bagas Suryo Bintoro, Elena A Elena Blokhina, Belay Boda Abule Bodicha, Archith Boloor, Cristina Bosetti, Dejana Braithwaite, Hermann Brenner, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Andre R Brunoni, Zahid A Butt, Chao Cao, Yin Cao, Rosario Cárdenas, Andre F Carvalho, Márcia Carvalho, Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Giulio Castelpietra, Luis F S Castro-de-Araujo, Maria Sofia Cattaruzza, Promit Ananyo Chakraborty, Jaykaran Charan, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Akhilanand Chaurasia, Nicolas Cherbuin, Dinh-Toi Chu, Nandita Chudal, Sheng-Chia Chung, Chuchu Churko, Liliana G Ciobanu, Massimo Cirillo, Rafael M Claro, Simona Costanzo, Richard G Cowden, Michael H Criqui, Natália Cruz-Martins, Garland T Culbreth, Berihun Assefa Dachew, Omid Dadras, Xiaochen Dai, Giovanni Damiani, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Beniam Darge Daniel, Anna Danielewicz, Jiregna Darega Gela, Kairat Davletov, Jacyra Azevedo Paiva de Araujo, Antonio Reis de Sá-Junior, Sisay Abebe Debela, Azizallah Dehghan, Andreas K Demetriades, Meseret Derbew Molla, Rupak Desai, Abebaw Alemayehu Desta, Diana Dias da Silva, Daniel Diaz, Lankamo Ena Digesa, Mengistie Diress, Milad Dodangeh, Deepa Dongarwar, Fariba Dorostkar, Haneil Larson Dsouza, Bereket Duko, Bruce B Duncan, Kristina Edvardsson, Michael Ekholuenetale, Frank J Elgar, Muhammed Elhadi, Mohamed A Elmonem, Aman Yesuf Endries, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Azin Etemadimanesh, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Ildar Ravisovich Fakhradiyev, Fatemeh Farahmand, Carla Sofia e Sá Farinha, Andre Faro, Farshad Farzadfar, Ali Fatehizadeh, Nelsensius Klau Fauk, Valery L Feigin, Rachel Feldman, Xiaoqi Feng, Zinabu Fentaw, Simone Ferrero, Lorenzo Ferro Desideri, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Joel Msafiri Francis, Richard Charles Franklin, Peter Andras Gaal, Mohamed M Gad, Silvano Gallus, Fabio Galvano, Balasankar Ganesan, Tushar Garg, Mesfin Gebrehiwot Damtew Gebrehiwot, Teferi Gebru Gebremeskel, Mathewos Alemu Gebremichael, Tadele Regasa Gemechu, Lemma Getacher, Motuma Erena Getachew, Abera Getachew Obsa, Asmare Getie, Amir Ghaderi, Mansour Ghafourifard, Alireza Ghajar, Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari, Lilian A Ghandour, Mohammad Ghasemi Nour, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Sherief Ghozy, Franklin N Glozah, Ekaterina Vladimirovna Glushkova, Justyna Godos, Amit Goel, Salime Goharinezhad, Mahaveer Golechha, Pouya Goleij, Mohamad Golitaleb, Felix Greaves, Michal Grivna, Giuseppe Grosso, Temesgen Worku Gudayu, Bhawna Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Brian J Hall, Rabih Halwani, Tiilahun Beyene Handiso, Graeme J Hankey, Sanam Hariri, Josep Maria Haro, Ahmed I Hasaballah, Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam, Simon I Hay, Khezar Hayat, Golnaz Heidari, Mohammad Heidari, Delia Hendrie, Claudiu Herteliu, Demisu Zenbaba Heyi, Kamal Hezam, Mbuzeleni Mbuzeleni Hlongwa, Ramesh Holla, Md Mahbub Hossain, Sahadat Hossain, Seyed Kianoosh Hosseini, Mehdi hosseinzadeh, Mihaela Hostiuc, Sorin Hostiuc, Guoqing Hu, Junjie Huang, Salman Hussain, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Ilic, Mustapha Immurana, Lalu Muhammad Irham, M Mofizul Islam, Rakibul M Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Hiroyasu Iso, Ramaiah Itumalla, Masao Iwagami, Roxana Jabbarinejad, Louis Jacob, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Zahra Jamalpoor, Elham Jamshidi, Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Umesh Umesh Jayarajah, Ranil Jayawardena, Rime Jebai, Seyed Ali Jeddi, Alelign Tasew Jema, Ravi Prakash Jha, Har Ashish Jindal, Jost B Jonas, Tamas Joo, Nitin Joseph, Farahnaz Joukar, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Mikk Jürisson, Ali Kabir, Robel Hussen Kabthymer, Bhushan Dattatray Kamble, Himal Kandel, Girum Gebremeskel Kanno, Neeti Kapoor, Ibraheem M Karaye, Salah Eddin Karimi, Bekalu Getnet Kassa, Rimple Jeet Kaur, Gbenga A Kayode, Mohammad Keykhaei, Himanshu Khajuria, Rovshan Khalilov, Imteyaz A Khan, Moien AB Khan, Hanna Kim, Jihee Kim, Min Seo Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Mika Kivimäki, Vitalii Klymchuk, Ann Kristin Skrindo Knudsen, Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Vladimir Andreevich Korshunov, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy, G Anil Kumar, Narinder Kumar, Nithin Kumar, Ben Lacey, Tea Lallukka, Savita Lasrado, Jerrald Lau, Sang-woong Lee, Wei-Chen Lee, Yo Han Lee, Lee-Ling Lim, Stephen S Lim, Stany W Lobo, Platon D Lopukhov, Stefan Lorkowski, Rafael Lozano, Giancarlo Lucchetti, Farzan Madadizadeh, Áurea M Madureira-Carvalho, Soleiman Mahjoub, Ata Mahmoodpoor, Rashidul Alam Mahumud, Alaa Makki, Mohammad-Reza Malekpour, Narayana Manjunatha, Borhan Mansouri, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Jose Martinez-Raga, Francisco A Martinez-Villa, Richard Matzopoulos, Pallab K Maulik, Mahsa Mayeli, John J McGrath, Jitendra Kumar Meena, Entezar Mehrabi Nasab, Ritesh G Menezes, Gert B M Mensink, Alexios-Fotios A Mentis, Atte Meretoja, Bedasa Taye Merga, Tomislav Mestrovic, Junmei Miao Jonasson, Bartosz Miazgowski, Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá, Ted R Miller, GK Mini, Andreea Mirica, Antonio Mirijello, Seyyedmohammadsadeq Mirmoeeni, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Sanjeev Misra, Babak Moazen, Maryam Mobarakabadi, Marcello Moccia, Yousef Mohammad, Esmaeil Mohammadi, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Teroj Abdulrahman Mohammed, Nagabhishek Moka, Ali H Mokdad, Sara Momtazmanesh, Yousef Moradi, Ebrahim Mostafavi, Sumaira Mubarik, Erin C Mullany, Beemnet Tekabe Mulugeta, Efrén Murillo-Zamora, Christopher J L Murray, Julius C Mwita, Mohsen Naghavi, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Vinay Nangia, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Ionut Negoi, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Samata Nepal, Sudan Prasad Prasad Neupane, Sandhya Neupane Kandel, Yeshambel T Nigatu, Ali Nowroozi, Khan M Nuruzzaman, Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam, Kehinde O Obamiro, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, Ayodipupo Sikiru Oguntade, Hassan Okati-Aliabad, Babayemi Oluwaseun Olakunde, Gláucia Maria Moraes Oliveira, Ahmed Omar Bali, Emad Omer, Doris V Ortega-Altamirano, Adrian Otoiu, Stanislav S Otstavnov, Bilcha Oumer, Mahesh P A, Alicia Padron-Monedero, Raffaele Palladino, Adrian Pana, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Anamika Pandey, Ashok Pandey, Shahina Pardhan, Tarang Parekh, Eun-Kee Park, Charles D H Parry, Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan, Jay Patel, Siddhartha Pati, George C Patton, Uttam Paudel, Shrikant Pawar, Amy E Peden, Ionela-Roxana Petcu, Michael R Phillips, Marina Pinheiro, Evgenii Plotnikov, Pranil Man Singh Pradhan, Akila Prashant, Jianchao Quan, Amir Radfar, Alireza Rafiei, Pankaja Raghav Raghav, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Azizur Rahman, Md Mosfequr Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Shayan Rahmani, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Priyanga Ranasinghe, Chythra R Rao, Drona Prakash Rasali, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Zubair Ahmed Ratan, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Lal Rawal, Andre M N Renzaho, Negar Rezaei, Saeid Rezaei, Mohsen Rezaeian, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Esperanza Romero-Rodríguez, Gregory A Roth, Godfrey M Rwegerera, Basema Saddik, Erfan Sadeghi, Reihaneh Sadeghian, Umar Saeed, Farhad Saeedi, Rajesh Sagar, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Harihar Sahoo, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, KM Saif-Ur-Rahman, Sarvenaz Salahi, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Abdallah M Samy, Francesco Sanmarchi, Milena M Santric-Milicevic, Yaser Sarikhani, Brijesh Sathian, Ganesh Kumar Saya, Mehdi Sayyah, Maria Inês Schmidt, Aletta Elisabeth Schutte, Michaël Schwarzinger, David C Schwebel, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar, SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi, Allen Seylani, Feng Sha, Sarvenaz Shahin, Fariba Shahraki-Sanavi, Shayan Shahrokhi, Masood Ali Shaikh, Elaheh Shaker, Murad Ziyaudinovich Shakhmardanov, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Rahim Ali Sheikhi, Adithi Shetty, Jeevan K Shetty, Damtew Solomon Shiferaw, Mika Shigematsu, Rahman Shiri, Reza Shirkoohi, K M Shivakumar, Velizar Shivarov, Parnian Shobeiri, Roman Shrestha, Negussie Boti Sidemo, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Natacha Torres da Silva, Jasvinder A Singh, Surjit Singh, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, David A Sleet, Marco Solmi, YONATAN SOLOMON, Suhang Song, Yimeng Song, Reed J D Sorensen, Sergey Soshnikov, Ireneous N Soyiri, Dan J Stein, Sonu Hangma Subba, Miklós Szócska, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Takahiro Tabuchi, Majid Taheri, Ker-Kan Tan, Minale Tareke, Elvis Enowbeyang Tarkang, Gebremaryam Temesgen, Worku Animaw Temesgen, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Rekha Thapar, Nikhil Kenny Thomas, Chalachew Tiruneh, Jovana Todorovic, Marco Torrado, Mathilde Touvier, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Mai Thi Ngoc Tran, Sergi Trias-Llimós, Jaya Prasad Tripathy, Alireza Vakilian, Rohollah Valizadeh, Mehdi Varmaghani, Shoban Babu Varthya, Tommi Juhani Vasankari, Theo Vos, Birhanu Wagaye, Yasir Waheed, Mandaras Tariku Walde, Cong Wang, Yanzhong Wang, Yuan-Pang Wang, Ronny Westerman, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Abate Dargie Wubetu, Suowen Xu, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Lin Yang, Gesila Endashaw E Yesera, Arzu Yigit, Vahit Yiğit, Ayenew Engida Ayenew Engida Yimaw, Dong Keon Yon, Naohiro Yonemoto, Chuanhua Yu, Siddhesh Zadey, Mazyar Zahir, Iman Zare, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Anasthasia Zastrozhina, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Chenwen Zhong, Mohammad Zmaili, Yves Miel H Zuniga, Emmanuela Gakidou, University of St Andrews. School of Medicine, University of St Andrews. Population and Behavioural Science Division, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute (-2014), Helsinki Inequality Initiative (INEQ), Clinicum, Helsinki University Hospital Area, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, King Edward Medical University (Pakistán), Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, University of Oxford (Reino Unido), Medical Research Council (Reino Unido), NIH - National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) (Estados Unidos), Canada Research Chairs, National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia), National Heart Foundation of Australia, Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (Serbia), Wellcome Trust, NIH - National Institute on Aging (NIA) (Estados Unidos), Finlands Akademi (Finlandia), Panjab University (India), Federal Ministry of Education & Research (Alemania), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Brasil), Danish National Research Foundation, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research (Australia), South African Medical Research Council, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Charles Sturt University (Australia), Ain Shams University (Egipto), Mizoram University (India), Kasturba Medical College (India), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (India), Coordenação de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Collaborators, GBD 2020 Alcohol, Bryazka, Dana, Reitsma, Marissa B, Griswold, Max G, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab, Abdoli, Amir, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdullah, Abu Yousuf Md, Abhilash, E S, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Acuna, Juan Manuel, Addolorato, Giovanni, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adhikari, Kishor, Adhikari, Sangeet, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Afzal, Saira, Agegnehu, Wubetu Yimam, Aggarwal, Manik, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Araz Ramazan, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Sepideh, Ahmed, Haroon, Ahmed Rashid, Tarik, Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Alam, Md Zakiul, Alem, Dejene Tsegaye, Alene, Kefyalew Addi, Alimohamadi, Yousef, Alizadeh, Atiyeh, Allel, Kasim, Alonso, Jordi, Alvand, Saba, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Firehiwot, Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena, Amiri, Sohrab, Ancuceanu, Robert, Anderson, Jason A, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Andrei, Tudorel, Arabloo, Jalal, Arshad, Muhammad, Artamonov, Anton A, Aryan, Zahra, Asaad, Malke, Asemahagn, Mulusew A, Astell-Burt, Thoma, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atnafu, Desta Debalkie, Atorkey, Prince, Atreya, Alok, Ausloos, Floriane, Ausloos, Marcel, Ayano, Getinet, Ayanore, Martin Amogre ayanore, Ayinde, Olatunde O, Ayuso-Mateos, Jose L, Azadnajafabad, Sina, Azanaw, Melkalem Mamuye, Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza, Azari Jafari, Amirhossein, Azzam, Ahmed Y, Badiye, Ashish D, Bagheri, Nasser, Bagherieh, Sara, Bairwa, Mohan, Bakkannavar, Shankar M, Bakshi, Ravleen Kaur, Balchut/bilchut, Awraris Hailu, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barra, Fabio, Barrow, Amadou, Baskaran, Pritish, Belo, Lui, Bennett, Derrick A, Benseñor, Isabela M, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhardwaj, Nikha, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhaskar, Sonu, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhojaraja, Vijayalakshmi S, Bintoro, Bagas Suryo, Blokhina, Elena A Elena, Bodicha, Belay Boda Abule, Boloor, Archith, Bosetti, Cristina, Braithwaite, Dejana, Brenner, Hermann, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Brunoni, Andre R, Butt, Zahid A, Cao, Chao, Cao, Yin, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carvalho, Andre F, Carvalho, Márcia, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, Castelpietra, Giulio, Castro-de-Araujo, Luis F S, Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia, Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo, Charan, Jaykaran, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chaurasia, Akhilanand, Cherbuin, Nicola, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Chudal, Nandita, Chung, Sheng-Chia, Churko, Chuchu, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Claro, Rafael M, Costanzo, Simona, Cowden, Richard G, Criqui, Michael H, Cruz-Martins, Natália, Culbreth, Garland T, Dachew, Berihun Assefa, Dadras, Omid, Dai, Xiaochen, Damiani, Giovanni, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Daniel, Beniam Darge, Danielewicz, Anna, Darega Gela, Jiregna, Davletov, Kairat, de Araujo, Jacyra Azevedo Paiva, de Sá-Junior, Antonio Rei, Debela, Sisay Abebe, Dehghan, Azizallah, Demetriades, Andreas K, Derbew Molla, Meseret, Desai, Rupak, Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu, Dias da Silva, Diana, Diaz, Daniel, Digesa, Lankamo Ena, Diress, Mengistie, Dodangeh, Milad, Dongarwar, Deepa, Dorostkar, Fariba, Dsouza, Haneil Larson, Duko, Bereket, Duncan, Bruce B, Edvardsson, Kristina, Ekholuenetale, Michael, Elgar, Frank J, Elhadi, Muhammed, Elmonem, Mohamed A, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Etemadimanesh, Azin, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Franci, Fakhradiyev, Ildar Ravisovich, Farahmand, Fatemeh, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sá, Faro, Andre, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fatehizadeh, Ali, Fauk, Nelsensius Klau, Feigin, Valery L, Feldman, Rachel, Feng, Xiaoqi, Fentaw, Zinabu, Ferrero, Simone, Ferro Desideri, Lorenzo, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Francis, Joel Msafiri, Franklin, Richard Charle, Gaal, Peter Andra, Gad, Mohamed M, Gallus, Silvano, Galvano, Fabio, Ganesan, Balasankar, Garg, Tushar, Gebrehiwot, Mesfin Gebrehiwot Damtew, Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru, Gebremichael, Mathewos Alemu, Gemechu, Tadele Regasa, Getacher, Lemma, Getachew, Motuma Erena, Getachew Obsa, Abera, Getie, Asmare, Ghaderi, Amir, Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghajar, Alireza, Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi, Ghandour, Lilian A, Ghasemi Nour, Mohammad, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Ghozy, Sherief, Glozah, Franklin N, Glushkova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna, Godos, Justyna, Goel, Amit, Goharinezhad, Salime, Golechha, Mahaveer, Goleij, Pouya, Golitaleb, Mohamad, Greaves, Felix, Grivna, Michal, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gudayu, Temesgen Worku, Gupta, Bhawna, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Sapna, Gupta, Veer Bala, Gupta, Vivek Kumar, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Hall, Brian J, Halwani, Rabih, Handiso, Tiilahun Beyene, Hankey, Graeme J, Hariri, Sanam, Haro, Josep 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Subjects: Adult, Male, Alcohol Drinking, CONTROL POLICIES, adult, Child, Preschool, Female, Geography, Global Burden of Disease, Global Health, Humans, Middle Aged, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Risk Factors, NDAS, ALL-CAUSE, GUIDELINES, GBD 2020 Alcohol Collaborators, COST-EFFECTIVENESS, Medicine, General & Internal, DRINKING, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, RA0421, General & Internal Medicine, Quality-Adjusted Life Year, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, DRINKERS, Child, Preschool, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, METAANALYSIS, MCC, Science & Technology, global burden of disease, Risk Factor, General Medicine, CANCER, alcohol drinking, AC, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, REDUCED MORTALITY, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Human
Abstract: Background: The health risks associated with moderate alcohol consumption continue to be debated. Small amounts of alcohol might lower the risk of some health outcomes but increase the risk of others, suggesting that the overall risk depends, in part, on background disease rates, which vary by region, age, sex, and year. Methods: For this analysis, we constructed burden-weighted dose-response relative risk curves across 22 health outcomes to estimate the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL) and non-drinker equivalence (NDE), the consumption level at which the health risk is equivalent to that of a non-drinker, using disease rates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2020 for 21 regions, including 204 countries and territories, by 5-year age group, sex, and year for individuals aged 15-95 years and older from 1990 to 2020. Based on the NDE, we quantified the population consuming harmful amounts of alcohol. Findings: The burden-weighted relative risk curves for alcohol use varied by region and age. Among individuals aged 15-39 years in 2020, the TMREL varied between 0 (95% uncertainty interval 0-0) and 0·603 (0·400-1·00) standard drinks per day, and the NDE varied between 0·002 (0-0) and 1·75 (0·698-4·30) standard drinks per day. Among individuals aged 40 years and older, the burden-weighted relative risk curve was J-shaped for all regions, with a 2020 TMREL that ranged from 0·114 (0-0·403) to 1·87 (0·500-3·30) standard drinks per day and an NDE that ranged between 0·193 (0-0·900) and 6·94 (3·40-8·30) standard drinks per day. Among individuals consuming harmful amounts of alcohol in 2020, 59·1% (54·3-65·4) were aged 15-39 years and 76·9% (73·0-81·3) were male. Interpretation: There is strong evidence to support recommendations on alcohol consumption varying by age and location. Stronger interventions, particularly those tailored towards younger individuals, are needed to reduce the substantial global health loss attributable to alcohol. Research reported in this publication was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. S Afzal acknowledges the support for intellectual contributions to this manuscript by the Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology at King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan. T Bärnighausen was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. L Belo acknowledges support from FCT in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of i4HB. D Bennett is supported by the UK Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford (Oxford, UK). M Carvalho acknowledges support from FCT in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of i4HB. L Castro-de-Araujo was funded by the Medical Research Council (UK), Grant no. MR/T03355X/1 and by the National Institute of Mental Health Grant no. R01MH128911. FJ Elgar is supported by the Canada Research Chairs program. F Greaves acknowledges support from the NIHR Applied Research Collaboration for NW London. V K Gupta acknowledges funding support from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australia. VB Gupta acknowledges funding support from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australia. C Herteliu is partially supported by a grant from the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084. C Herteliu is partially supported by a grant from the Romanian Ministry of Research Innovation and Digitalization, MCID, project number ID-585-CTR-42-PFE-2021. S Hussain was supported by the Operational Programme Research, Development and Education –Project, Postdoc2MUNI “(No. CZ.02.2.69/0.0/0.0/18_053/0016952). S M S Islam is funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council and received funding from the National Heart Foundation of Australia. The Serbian part of this GBD-related contribution has been co-financed through Grant OI 175 014 of the Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. M Kivimaki was supported by the Wellcome Trust (221854/Z/20/Z), the UK Medical Research Council (MR/S011676/1), the US National Institute on Aging (R01AG056477), and the Academy of Finland (350426). K Krishan is supported by the UGC Centre of Advanced Study (Phase II), awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. B Lacey acknowledges support from the UK Biobank, funded largely by the UK Medical Research Council and Wellcome. S Lorkowski acknowledges institutional support from the Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig (Germany; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research; grant agreement number 01EA1808A). G Lucchetti received a productivity scholarship from the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development — CNPq (Level 1D). J McGrath was supported by the Danish National Research Foundation (Niels Bohr Professor). J McGrath is employed by the Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research (Australia), which receives support from the Queensland Health Department. C Parry acknowleges the South African Medical Research Council. A Peden is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Emerging Leadership Fellowship (Grant ID: APP2009306). M R Phillips was supported in part by the Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases - National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC. No. 81761128031). M Pinheiro acknowledges FCT for funding through program DL 57/2016 – Norma transitória. A Rahman acknowledges the support from the Data Science Research Unit in Charles Sturt University (Bathurst, NSW, Australia). U Saeed would like to acknowledge the International Center of Medical Sciences Research (ICMSR), Islamabad, Pakistan. A M Samy acknowledges support from Ain Shams University (Cairo, Egypt) and the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. N Senthil Kumar acknowledges the DBT, New Delhi sponsored Advanced State Level Biotech Hub (BT/NER/143/SP44475/2021), Mizoram University (Aizawl, Mizoram, India) for facilitating this work. F Sha is supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (Grant No. KQTD20190929172835662). A Shetty acknowledges Kasturba Medical College (Mangalore, India) and Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Manipal, India) for all the academic support. R Shrestha acknowledges a career development award from the National Institutes of Health (K01DA051346). D Silva was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brazil (CAPES)-Finance Code 001 and is supported in part by CNPq - Brazil (309589/2021-5). D Sleet acknowledges partial support from Veritas Management Group, Inc and The Bizzell Group, LLC. S Trias-Llimós acknowledges research funding from the Juan de la Cierva-Formación program of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (FJC-2019-039314-I). Sí
Published: 2022

3. Some adult and larval nematodes from fishes off New Caledonia

Author: Jean-Lou Justine, Anita Poupa, Shokoofeh Shamsi, Charles Sturt University [Australia], Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)
Subjects: Aquatic Animal Health, Nematoda, Range (biology), 030231 tropical medicine, Biodiversity, Zoology, Environment, Biology, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 030308 mycology & parasitology, Fish Diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, New Caledonia, Ascaridoidea, Animals, Parasites, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, 14. Life underwater, Ribosomal DNA, 0303 health sciences, Larva, General Veterinary, Host (biology), Fishes, Marine fish, General Medicine, Ascaridoids, Seafood safety, National Museum of Natural History, Infectious Diseases, Taxon, Insect Science, Parasitology, France
Abstract: International audience; A collection of nematodes from the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History), Paris, France, was studied. The nematodes had previously been collected from a range of marine fish hosts. The aim of this study was to investigate the identity of these nematodes. Detailed body measurements of the nematodes were taken via light microscopy and where possible first and second internal transcribed spacers (ITS-1 and ITS-2) of ribosomal DNA were subjected to PCR, purified and sequenced. Six species and three larval types were found from a range of fish species and included 13 new host records and two new geographical records. Of the taxa found, Hysterothylacium kajikiae is the only species which may have zoonotic potential. The majority of host fish in this study are edible species, commercially and recreationally fished and frequently incorporated into the cuisine of New Caledonia as raw fish dishes. This study will allow better understanding of the diversity, life cycles, distribution and host-parasite relationships in the New Caledonia area.
Published: 2020
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4. Independent evolution of intermediate bill widths in a seabird clade

Author: Juan F. Masello, Peter G. Ryan, Lara D. Shepherd, Petra Quillfeldt, Yves Cherel, Alan J. D. Tennyson, Rachael Alderman, Luciano Calderón, Theresa L. Cole, Richard J. Cuthbert, Ben J. Dilley, Melanie Massaro, Colin M. Miskelly, Joan Navarro, Richard A. Phillips, Henri Weimerskirch, Yoshan Moodley, Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town-DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Primary Industries, The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, School of Environmental Sciences and Institute for Land, Water and Society [Albury, Australia], Charles Sturt University [Australia], Institut de Ciències del Mar ICM-CSIC [Barcelona, Spain], British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Department of Zoology [South Africa] (University of Venda), University of Venda, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), German Research Foundation, Department of Environmental Affairs (South Africa), and Royal Society of New Zealand
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Gene Flow, Antarctic Regions, MacGillivray’s prion, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Birds, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Indian Ocean Islands, Pachyptila, Genetics, Procellariidae, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Molecular Biology, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Phylogeny, health care economics and organizations, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Gough Island, Beak, Genetic Variation, General Medicine, Phenotype, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Hybridization, Genetic, Original Article, Convergent evolution, Procellariiformes
Abstract: 16 pages, 5 figures, 5 tables, supplementary information https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-021-01845-3.-- Availability of data and material: DNA sequences: GenBank accession numbers are provided in Table 1. All data are available in the manuscript or in the Supplementary information file, Interspecific introgression can occur between species that evolve rapidly within an adaptive radiation. Pachyptila petrels differ in bill size and are characterised by incomplete reproductive isolation, leading to interspecific gene flow. Salvin’s prion (Pachyptila salvini), whose bill width is intermediate between broad-billed (P. vittata) and Antarctic (P. desolata) prions, evolved through homoploid hybrid speciation. MacGillivray’s prion (P. macgillivrayi), known from a single population on St Paul (Indian Ocean), has a bill width intermediate between salvini and vittata and could also be the product of interspecies introgression or hybrid speciation. Recently, another prion population phenotypically similar to macgillivrayi was discovered on Gough (Atlantic Ocean), where it breeds 3 months later than vittata. The similarity in bill width between the medium-billed birds on Gough and macgillivrayi suggest that they could be closely related. In this study, we used genetic and morphological data to infer the phylogenetic position and evolutionary history of P. macgillivrayi and the Gough medium-billed prion relative other Pachyptila taxa, to determine whether species with medium bill widths evolved through common ancestry or convergence. We found that Gough medium-billed prions belong to the same evolutionary lineage as macgillivrayi, representing a new population of MacGillivray’s prion that originated through a colonisation event from St Paul. We show that macgillivrayi’s medium bill width evolved through divergence (genetic drift) and independently from that of salvini, which evolved through hybridisation (gene flow). This represents the independent convergence towards a similarly medium-billed phenotype. The newly discovered MacGillivray’s prion population on Gough is of utmost conservation relevance, as the relict macgillivrayi population in the Indian Ocean is very small, Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. PQ, JFM, TLC and LC were supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Germany), Heisenberg program (grant number DFG, Qu 148-5 to P.Q.). Logistical and financial support was obtained from the South African Department of Environmental Affairs, through the South African National Antarctic Programme. LDS was supported by a Rutherford Discovery Fellowship from the Royal Society of New Zealand, With the institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S)
Published: 2022
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5. ChemHouse: A research and development centre for chemometrics

Author: Jean Claude Boulet, V Rossard, Matthieu Lesnoff, Douglas N. Rutledge, A Mallet, S Mas Garcia, E Latrille, Jean-Michel Roger, M Brandolini-Bunlon, B Jaillais, Maxime Metz, R Servien, G Chaix, ChemHouse Research Group, Sciences Pour l'Oenologie (SPO), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Plateforme Exploration du Métabolisme (PFEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-MetaboHUB-Clermont, MetaboHUB-MetaboHUB, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Statistique, Sensométrie et Chimiométrie (StatSC), École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages (BIA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux (UMR SELMET), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Information – Technologies – Analyse Environnementale – Procédés Agricoles (UMR ITAP), Paris-Saclay Food and Bioproduct Engineering (SayFood), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University [Australia], Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Systèmes d'Elevage Méditerranéens et Tropicaux - Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Développement de l'Elevage (SELMET-LRDE), and Technologies et Méthodes pour les Agricultures de demain (UMR ITAP)
Subjects: apprentissage électronique, Computer science, logiciel, chimiométrie, organisation de recherche, Chemometrics, spectroscopie infrarouge, U01 - Recherche scientifique et technique - Considérations générales, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], science ouverte, banque de données, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, chimie, Management science, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, chemometrics, U50 - Sciences physiques et chimie, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other, france
Abstract: International audience; IntroductionChemHouse is a research group of around 50 members, bringing together experts in chemometrics, users and PhD students from partner institutes and companies. The objective of ChemHouse is to help its partners to overcome methodological barriers and difficulties in the use of chemometrics by: -scientific animation in chemometrics, -welcoming students and researchers, -chemometric tools (CheMoocs, ChemFlow, ChemData), -workshops and research schools (ChemOmics, ChemSchool)-project building.Material and methods Every fortnight, a member (or an outsider, invited by a member) leads a scientific seminar based on a presentation on a topic of his choice, related to operational and research issues in chemometrics. At the same time, students and researchers are regularly welcomed (for weeks to months) to exchange on scientific subjects, and to improve their data processing skills. A Massive Open Online Course (MOOC), CheMoocs, was also created to train students and researchers on chemometric methods that ChemHouse members use or have developed. CheMoocs exercices are based on the Galaxy instance ‘ChemFlow’, and an open database ‘ChemData’.ChemHouse members organize workshops and chemometrics events. In addition, because of similarities and complementarities between chemometrics and metabolomics, the two communities meet and exchange during collaborations and conferences. ChemOmics is a group of researchers and users formed to regularly organize joint schools.ChemHouse members initiate and collaborate together on research projects, to go deeper into data analysis by developing workflows, tools and algorithms.Results and discussionAround 20 scientific presentations are held each year on different topics such as: Near Infrared Spectroscopy data modeling, pre-processing of spectra, variable selection, variants of PLS modelling… In parallel, researchers are hosted on average 9 months per year.CheMoocs is currently composed of 28 modules gathered into 2 sessions: unsupervised and supervised methods. This course is annually followed by around 1500 people. With ChemFlow, a free and open-source software, they can upload various data types, create interactive graphs, and apply conventional and more advanced chemometric methods. ChemData collects datasets from the MOOC, from public projects of the ChemHouse group, or from external repositories.Concerning the events, ChemHouse organizes in collaboration with the COST action Sensorfint, a workshop 'ChemSchool' in September. The third session of ‘ChemOmics’ will also take place this year in October. In addition, ChemHouse participates in the setting up and implementation of national (Digitbio-MIMS) and international (Explore, AVITech) projects.ConclusionChemHouse offers a complete environment designed by and for chemometrics, grouped together in ‘ChemProject’ (https://chemproject.org/). ChemProject is aimed to enable as many people as possible to practice chemometrics. It is based on 3 pillars: CheMoocs which provides theoretical knowledge in chemometrics, ChemFlow which offers the main methods encountered in chemometrics, and ChemData that contains downloadable public data. ChemHouse is also open to methodological exchanges, collaboration on scientific projects, and offers training activities.
Published: 2021
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6. FRUITNIR-GUI: A graphical user interface for correcting external influences in multi-batch near infrared experiments related to fruit quality prediction

Author: Jean-Michel Roger, Puneet Mishra, Federico Marini, Alessandra Biancolillo, Douglas N. Rutledge, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Information – Technologies – Analyse Environnementale – Procédés Agricoles (UMR ITAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], University of L'Aquila [Italy] (UNIVAQ), Paris-Saclay Food and Bioproduct Engineering (SayFood), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Charles Sturt University [Australia], and collabinternat
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Computer science, Context (language use), Feature selection, [INFO.INFO-SE]Computer Science [cs]/Software Engineering [cs.SE], Horticulture, Chemometrics, Fruit quality, Non-destructive, User-interface, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, 040501 horticulture, Component analysis, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Graphical user interface, Data processing, business.industry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Toolbox, Data mining, Post Harvest Technology, User interface, 0405 other agricultural sciences, business, Agronomy and Crop Science, computer, [STAT.ME]Statistics [stat]/Methodology [stat.ME], 010606 plant biology & botany, Food Science
Abstract: International audience; Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is widely used for non-destructive prediction of fruit traits. Common traits such as dry matter (DM) and soluble solids contents (SSC) can be predicted with reliable accuracy. However, the main problem with NIR spectroscopy is that a model developed on one batch may not perform very well when tested on other batches. Reasons for that are the physical, chemical and environmental differences between the experiments performed in different batches. To deal with these issues, approaches such as variables selection, dynamic orthogonal projection (DOP) and transfer component analysis (TCA) can be used. However, the techniques are known but it is rarely possible for a new user or non-specialist to implement them in the practical situations. To overcome this limitation, for the first time, a graphical user interface-based toolbox (FRUITNIR-GUI) for basic chemometric data processing (regression and variable selection) is developed and presented. The GUI allows performing model adaption and maintenance in the context of multi-batch NIR spectroscopic experiments related to fruit. Furthermore, a case-study demonstrating its effectiveness in correcting for seasonality when predicting DM in apples is presented. The toolbox provides a pushbutton approach to build chemometric models of varying complexity for the characterization of fruit quality. Moreover, approaches such as variable selection and batch correction with DOP and TCA can improve the model performances on new batches. FRUITNIR-GUI can be freely downloaded at https://github.com/puneetmishra2/FRUITNIR and run using the password "welovenirs" (without quotation marks).
Published: 2021
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7. Chemometric pre-processing can negatively affect the performance of near-infrared spectroscopy models for fruit quality prediction

Author: Haris Ahmad Khan, Khan Wali, Jean-Michel Roger, Douglas N. Rutledge, Puneet Mishra, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Paris-Saclay Food and Bioproduct Engineering (SayFood), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Charles Sturt University [Australia], Information – Technologies – Analyse Environnementale – Procédés Agricoles (UMR ITAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Normalization (statistics), Artificial intelligence, Mean squared error, Farm Technology, 02 engineering and technology, Derivative, 01 natural sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Chemometrics, Absorbance, Partial least squares regression, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Fruit quality, Chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Regression analysis, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, PE&RC, Neural network, 0104 chemical sciences, Data set, Agrarische Bedrijfstechnologie, Post Harvest Technology, 0210 nano-technology, Biological system, [CHIM.CHEM]Chemical Sciences/Cheminformatics
Abstract: International audience; Chemometrics pre-processing of spectral data is widely performed to enhance the predictive performance of near-infrared (NIR) models related to fresh fruit quality. Pre-processing approaches in the domain of NIR data analysis are used to remove the scattering effects, thus, enhancing the absorption components related to the chemical properties. However, in the case of fresh fruit, both the scattering and absorption properties are of key interest as they jointly explain the physicochemical state of a fruit. Therefore, pre-processing data that reduces the scattering information in the spectra may lead to poorly performing models. The objectives of this study are to test two hypotheses to explore the effect of pre-processing on NIR spectra of fresh fruit. The first hypothesis is that the pre-processing of NIR spectra with scatter correction techniques can reduce the predictive performance of models as the scatter correction can reduce the useful scattering information correlated to the property of interest. The second hypothesis is that the Deep Learning (DL) can model the raw absorbance data (mix of scattering and absorption) much more efficiently than the Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression analysis. To test the hypotheses, a real NIR data set related to dry matter (DM) prediction in mango fruit was used. The dataset consisted of a total of 11,420 NIR spectra and reference DM measurements for model training and independent testing. The chemometric pre-processing methods explored were standard normal variate (SNV), variable sorting for normalization (VSN), Savitzky-Golay based 2nd derivative and their combinations. Further two modelling approaches i.e., PLS regression and DL were used to evaluate the effect of pre-processing. The results showed that the best root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) for both the PLS and DL models were obtained with the raw absorbance data. The spectral pre-processing in general decreased the performance of both the PLS and DL models. Further, the DL model attained the lowest RMSEP of 0.76%, which was 13% lower compared to the PLS regression on the raw absorbance data. Pre-processing approaches should be carefully used while analysing the NIR data related to fresh fruit.
Published: 2021
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8. A short note on achieving similar performance to deep learning with practical chemometrics

Author: Puneet Mishra, Douglas N. Rutledge, Jean-Michel Roger, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Information – Technologies – Analyse Environnementale – Procédés Agricoles (UMR ITAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Paris-Saclay Food and Bioproduct Engineering (SayFood), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Charles Sturt University [Australia]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Calibration (statistics), Computer science, 01 natural sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Chemometrics, Ensemble learning, Linear regression, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Pre-processing fusion, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Spectroscopy, Interpretability, business.industry, Process Chemistry and Technology, Deep learning, 010401 analytical chemistry, Pattern recognition, 0104 chemical sciences, Computer Science Applications, Data set, Artificial intelligence, Post Harvest Technology, business, Orthogonalization, Software, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Deep learning (DL) is appearing as a powerful tool for spectral data modelling. In many cases, the DL models have been shown to outperform the classical chemometric spectral data modelling approaches. However, a main challenge with the DL models is the limited model interpretability as there are no scores and loadings generated in DL models. Scores and loadings are key parts of chemometric modelling as they facilitate the interpretation of the models. Furthermore, most of the time in the reported literature, the performance of DL models is compared with basic chemometric approaches with less attention being paid to optimizing these chemometric models. This study aims to test the hypothesis that proper chemometric modelling of spectral data can lead to performance equivalent to that of DL models while having all the useful information such as scores, loadings, and regression coefficients to support model interpretation. To test this, a case study is presented for the prediction of nitrogen content in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) by Vis-NIR spectroscopy. On the classical chemometric side, two recently developed pre-processing fusion approaches, i.e. sequential pre-processing through orthogonalization (SPORT) and parallel pre-processing through orthogonalization (PORTO) were used. On the DL side, the previously published with DL modelling results for the same data set were used as the benchmark. Such a comparison was valid as the chemometric analysis was performed on the same calibration and test sets as used previously for the DL modelling. Results showed that the sequential and parallel learning approaches attained the same accuracy as that of the previously reported DL procedure on the same data set. The information related to scores, loading and regression coefficients could be used for model interpretation.
Published: 2021
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9. Parallel pre-processing through orthogonalization (PORTO) and its application to near-infrared spectroscopy

Author: Puneet Mishra, Jean-Michel Roger, Douglas N. Rutledge, Alessandra Biancolillo, Federico Marini, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Information – Technologies – Analyse Environnementale – Procédés Agricoles (UMR ITAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], University of L'Aquila [Italy] (UNIVAQ), Paris-Saclay Food and Bioproduct Engineering (SayFood), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Charles Sturt University [Australia], and collabinternat
Subjects: Boosting (machine learning), Computer science, Multi-block data analysis, Pre-processing, 01 natural sciences, Light scattering, Analytical Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Partial least squares, Partial least squares regression, Spectroscopy, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, Process Chemistry and Technology, 010401 analytical chemistry, Near-infrared spectroscopy, Pattern recognition, Data fusion, Sensor fusion, Regression, Parallel and orthogonalized partial least squares (PO-PLS), 0104 chemical sciences, Computer Science Applications, Artificial intelligence, Post Harvest Technology, business, Orthogonalization, [STAT.ME]Statistics [stat]/Methodology [stat.ME], Software
Abstract: International audience; Data generated from spectroscopy may be deformed by artefacts due to a range of physical, chemical and environmental factors that are not of interest for the characterization of the samples under study. For example, data acquired by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in the diffuse reflectance mode can be affected by light scattering. This artefact, if not reduced or removed by spectral pre-processing, can complicate the multivariate data analysis. However, different pre-processing approaches correct these effects in different ways. For example, differentiation can reveal underlying bands, while spectral normalization techniques such as standard normal variate (SNV) can correct for multiplicative and additive effects. Combining multiple pre-processing techniques can lead to better results. However, it is not feasible for a user to explore all possible combinations of pre-processing techniques. In the present work, a new pre-processing fusion approach, based on the framework of separating common and distinct components in multi-block multivariate data analysis, is demonstrated. The approach utilizes parallel and orthogonalized partial least squares (PO-PLS) regression for the parallel fusion of multiple pre-processing techniques applied to the same data. The results obtained on 4 different NIR spectroscopic data sets related to the assessment of fruit quality and used as benchmark are compared to those of the recently developed sequential pre-processing through orthogonalization (SPORT) approach: it is found that, in all the cases, the PO-PLS approach leads to slightly better performances. Furthermore, a clear understanding of the common and distinct information present in the data sets after each pre-treatment was obtained. Parallel pre-processing through orthogonalization (PORTO) can be seen as parallel boosting of multiple pre-processing techniques to improve model performances.
Published: 2021
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10. Recent trends in multi-block data analysis in chemometrics for multi-source data integration

Author: Alessandra Biancolillo, Federico Marini, Alison Nordon, Puneet Mishra, Douglas N. Rutledge, Jean-Michel Roger, Delphine Jouan-Rimbaud-Bouveresse, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Information – Technologies – Analyse Environnementale – Procédés Agricoles (UMR ITAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire (PNCA (UMR 0914)), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Università degli Studi dell'Aquila (UNIVAQ), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow-University of Glasgow, Paris-Saclay Food and Bioproduct Engineering (SayFood), and Charles Sturt University [Australia]
Subjects: Process (engineering), Calibration (statistics), Chemometrics, Data fusion, Incremental learning, Orthogonalization, Pre-processing fusion, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Data visualization, Software, Partial least squares regression, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, QD, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Spectroscopy, business.industry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Sensor fusion, 0104 chemical sciences, Principal component analysis, Data mining, Post Harvest Technology, business, computer
Abstract: International audience; In recent years, multi-modal measurements of process and product properties have become widely popular. Sometimes classical chemometric methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares regression (PLS) are not adequate to analyze this kind of data. In recent years, several multi-block methods have emerged for this purpose; however, their use is largely limited to chemometricians, and non-experts have little experience with such methods. In order to deal with this, the present review provides a brief overview of the multi-block data analysis concept, the various tasks that can be performed with it and the advantages and disadvantages of different techniques. Moreover, basic tasks ranging from multi-block data visualization to advanced innovative applications such as calibration transfer will be briefly highlighted. Finally, a summary of software resources available for multi-block data analysis is provided.
Published: 2021
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11. A generic workflow combining deep learning and chemometrics for processing close-range spectral images to detect drought stress in Arabidopsis thaliana to support digital phenotyping

Author: Ehud Bino, Ittai Herrmann, Puneet Mishra, Roy Sadeh, Maxime Ryckewaert, Martin P. Boer, Gerrit Polder, Douglas N. Rutledge, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), Information – Technologies – Analyse Environnementale – Procédés Agricoles (UMR ITAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Paris-Saclay Food and Bioproduct Engineering (SayFood), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Charles Sturt University [Australia], and Wageningen University & Research knowledge base program 'Data Driven High Tech.'
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, Computer science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Machine learning, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Plant breeding, Analytical Chemistry, Chemometrics, 03 medical and health sciences, Non-destructive, medicine, Arabidopsis thaliana, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Selection (genetic algorithm), Spectroscopy, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Data processing, biology, business.industry, Process Chemistry and Technology, Deep learning, Illumination effects, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, PE&RC, Computer Science Applications, Spectral imaging, Workflow, Biometris, GTB Tuinbouw Technologie, Artificial intelligence, Post Harvest Technology, business, computer, Software, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Close-range spectral imaging (SI) of agricultural plants is widely performed for digital plant phenotyping. A key task in digital plant phenotyping is the non-destructive and rapid identification of drought stress in plants so as to allow plant breeders to select potential genotypes for breeding drought-resistant plant varieties. Visible and near-infrared SI is a key sensing technique that allows the capture of physicochemical changes occurring in the plant under drought stress. The main challenges are in processing the massive spectral images to extract information relevant for plant breeders to support genotype selection. Hence, this study presents a generic data processing workflow for analysing SI data generated in real-world digital phenotyping experiments to extract meaningful information for decision making by plant breeders. The workflow is a combination of chemometric approaches and deep learning. The usefulness of the proposed workflow is demonstrated on a real-life experiment related to drought stress detection and quantification in Arabidopsis thaliana plants grown in a semi-controlled environment. The results show that the proposed approach is able to detect the presence of drought just 3 days after its induction compared to the well-watered plants. Furthermore, the unsupervised clustering approach provides detailed time-series images where the drought-related changes in plants can be followed visually along the time course. The developed approach facilitates digital phenotyping and can thus accelerate breeding of drought-tolerant plant varieties.
Published: 2021
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12. Changes in Red Wine Composition during Bottle Aging: Impacts of Grape Variety, Vineyard Location, Maturity, and Oxygen Availability during Aging

Author: Guillaume Antalick, John Blackman, Leigh Schmidtke, Katja Suklje, Andrew C. Clark, Douglas N. Rutledge, Xinyi Zhang, Nikolaos Kontoudakis, Charles Sturt University [Australia], Paris-Saclay Food and Bioproduct Engineering (SayFood), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and collabinternat
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, business.product_category, Time Factors, Food Handling, Wine, Acetaldehyde, Sulfides, 01 natural sciences, Vineyard, Wine color, grape maturity, chemistry.chemical_compound, Linalool, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], Bottle, grape variety, oxygen availability, Harvest, Vitis, 2. Zero hunger, Methional, red wine composition evolution, 010401 analytical chemistry, fungi, food and beverages, [SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics, General Chemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, Metrics & More Article Recommendations vineyard location, Flavoring Agents, Oxygen, Horticulture, chemistry, Pyrones, Fruit, Environmental science, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, business, Compositional data, Norisoprenoids, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; This work investigated the influence of grape variety, vineyard location, and grape harvest maturity, combined with different oxygen availability treatments, on red wine composition during bottle aging. Chemometric analysis of wine compositional data (i.e., wine color parameters, SO 2 , metals, and volatile compounds) demonstrated that the wine samples could be differentiated according to the different viticultural or bottle-aging factors. Grape variety, vineyard location, and grape maturity showed greater influence on wine composition than bottle-aging conditions. For most measured wine compositional variables, the evolution patterns adopted from the viticultural factors were not altered by oxygen availability treatment. However, contrasting evolution patterns for some variables were observed according to specific viticultural factors, with examples including dimethyl sulfide, phenylacetaldehyde, maltol, and β-damascenone for vineyard locations, 2-methylbutanal, 1,4-cineole, and linalool for grape variety, and methanethiol, methional, and homofuraneol for grape maturity.
Published: 2020
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13. MBA-GUI: A chemometric graphical user interface for multi-block data visualisation, regression, classification, variable selection and automated pre-processing

Author: Alison Nordon, Puneet Mishra, Federico Marini, Jean-Michel Roger, Delphine Jouan-Rimbaud-Bouveresse, Alessandra Biancolillo, Douglas N. Rutledge, Paris-Saclay Food and Bioproduct Engineering (SayFood), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Charles Sturt University [Australia], collabinternat, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), WestCHEM, University of Glasgow, Information – Technologies – Analyse Environnementale – Procédés Agricoles (UMR ITAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ChemHouse Research Group, National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences [L'Aquila] (DSFC), Università degli Studi dell'Aquila (UNIVAQ), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow-University of Glasgow, and Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire (PNCA (UMR 0914))
Subjects: Feature selection, [INFO.INFO-SE]Computer Science [cs]/Software Engineering [cs.SE], computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Chemometrics, Data fusion, Graphical user interface, Multi-sensor, Analytical Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, Data visualization, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, QD, [MATH]Mathematics [math], MATLAB, Spectroscopy, 030304 developmental biology, Block (data storage), computer.programming_language, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, Process Chemistry and Technology, 010401 analytical chemistry, computer.file_format, Sensor fusion, 0104 chemical sciences, Computer Science Applications, Visualization, Data mining, Executable, Post Harvest Technology, business, computer, [STAT.ME]Statistics [stat]/Methodology [stat.ME], Software
Abstract: International audience; In recent years, due to advances in sensor technology, multi-modal measurement of process and products properties has become easier. However, multi-modal measurements are only of use if the data from adding new sensors is worthwhile, especially in the case of industrial applications where financial justification is needed for new sensor purchase and integration, and if the multi-modal data generated can be properly utilised. Several multi-block methods have been developed to do this; however, their use is largely limited to chemometricians, and non-experts have little experience with such methods. To deal with this, we present the first version of a MATLAB-based graphical user interface (GUI) for multi-block data analysis (MBA), capable of performing data visualisation, regression, classification and variable selection for up to 4 different sensors. The MBA-GUI can also be used to implement a recent technique called sequential pre-processing through orthogonalization (SPORT). Data sets are supplied to demonstrate how to use the MBA-GUI. In summary, the developed GUI makes the implementation of multi-block data analysis easier, so that it could be used also by practitioners with no programming skills or unfamiliar with the MATLAB environment. The fully functional GUI can be downloaded from (https://github.com/puneetmishra2/Multi-block.git) and can be either installed to run in the MATLAB environment or as a standalone executable program. The GUI can also be used for analysis of a single block of data (standard chemometrics).
Published: 2020
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14. Influence of Species-Specific Feeding Ecology on Mercury Concentrations in Seabirds Breeding on the Chatham Islands, New Zealand

Author: Graeme A. Taylor, Justine Thébault, Melanie Massaro, Petra Quillfeldt, Paco Bustamante, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Charles Sturt University [Australia], Bustamante, Paco, 2Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS–La Rochelle Université La Rochelle France, Massaro, Melanie, 4Institute for Land, Water and Society, School of Environmental Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Albury Australia, Taylor, Graeme, 5 Department of Conservation Biodiversity Group Wellington New Zealand, Quillfeldt, Petra, and 1 Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics Justus Liebig University Giessen Giessen Germany
Subjects: 551.9, Food Chain, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Biomagnification, Zoology, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Birds, biology.animal, Environmental Chemistry, compound-specific isotopic analyses of amino acids, Animals, Marine ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Magenta petrel, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, Islands, biology, food web, fungi, bulk stable isotopes, Mercury, 15. Life on land, heavy metal, Feathers, biology.organism_classification, Compound‐specific isotopic analyses of amino acids, Food web, Pterodroma, Mercury (element), bioaccumulation, chemistry, Bioaccumulation, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Seabird, Environmental Monitoring, New Zealand
Abstract: Mercury (Hg) is a toxic metal that accumulates in organisms and biomagnifies along food webs; hence, long‐lived predators such as seabirds are at risk as a result of high Hg bioaccumulation. Seabirds have been widely used to monitor the contamination of marine ecosystems. In the present study, we investigated Hg concentrations in blood, muscle, and feathers of 7 procellariform seabirds breeding on the Chatham Islands, New Zealand. Using bulk and compound‐specific stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen as a proxy of trophic position and distribution, we also tested whether Hg contamination is related to the species‐specific feeding ecology. Mercury exposure varied widely within the seabird community. The highest contaminated species, the Magenta petrel, had approximately 29 times more Hg in its blood than the broad‐billed prion, and approximately 35 times more Hg in its feathers than the grey‐backed storm petrel. Variations of Hg concentrations in blood and feathers were significantly and positively linked to feeding habitats and trophic position, highlighting the occurrence of efficient Hg biomagnification processes along the food web. Species and feeding habitats were the 2 main drivers of Hg exposure within the seabird community. The Pterodroma species had high blood and feather Hg concentrations, which can be caused by their specific physiology and/or because of their foraging behavior during the interbreeding period (i.e., from the Tasman Sea to the Humboldt Current system). These 2 threatened species are at risk of suffering detrimental effects from Hg contamination and further studies are required to investigate potential negative impacts, especially on their reproduction capability. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:454–472. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC., Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
Published: 2020
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15. Emerging Zoonotic Diseases: Should We Rethink the Animal-Human Interface?

Author: Ioannis Magouras, Victoria J. Brookes, Ferran Jori, Angela Martin, Dirk Udo Pfeiffer, Salome Dürr, City University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong] (CUHK), Charles Sturt University [Australia], Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), University of Basel (Unibas), and University of Bern
Subjects: zoonose, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Opinion, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], wildlife, relation homme-faune, Wildlife, Biology, emerging diseases, L73 - Maladies des animaux, 03 medical and health sciences, one health, Pandemic, Bushmeat, Transmission des maladies, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, lcsh:Veterinary medicine, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, pandémie, 630 Agriculture, General Veterinary, 030306 microbiology, pandemic, Virology, zoonoses, Épidémiologie, One Health, Maladie infectieuse, lcsh:SF600-1100, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Veterinary Science, bushmeat
Published: 2020
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16. General destabilizing effects of eutrophication on grassland productivity at multiple spatial scales

Author: Martin Schütz, Peter B. Adler, Melinda D. Smith, Lars A. Brudvig, Yann Hautier, Carlos Alberto Arnillas, Michel Loreau, Andy Hector, Marc W. Cadotte, Forest Isbell, Juan Alberti, Mahesh Sankaran, Jonathan D. Bakker, Peter A. Wilfahrt, John W. Morgan, Pablo Luis Peri, Amandine Hansar, Jonathan S. Lefcheck, Peter B. Reich, Sally E. Koerner, Kevin R. Wilcox, Christiane Roscher, Philip A. Fay, Miguel N. Bugalho, Edwin Pos, Mick Crawley, Elizabeth T. Borer, Pengfei Zhang, Rebecca L. McCulley, Anita C. Risch, Laura E. Dee, Jodi N. Price, Maria C. Caldeira, Johannes M. H. Knops, Oliver Carroll, Nico Eisenhauer, Risto Virtanen, Sally A. Power, Carly J. Stevens, Andrew S. MacDougall, Anu Eskelinen, Benjamin Gilbert, Jarrett E. K. Byrnes, Glenda M. Wardle, Scott L. Collins, Eric W. Seabloom, Joslin L. Moore, Akira Mori, Shaopeng Wang, Pedro M. Tognetti, Kimberly J. Komatsu, Pedro Daleo, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Lanzhou University, Shandong University, Ministry of Justice Hub for Research & Practice in Eco-Environmental Forensics, Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Wyoming (UW), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, University of Massachusetts [Boston] (UMass Boston), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), University of North Carolina [Greensboro] (UNCG), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (SERC), University of Oxford, Utah State University (USU), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras [Mar del Plata] (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales [Mar del Plata], Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata [Mar del Plata] (UNMdP)-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata [Mar del Plata] (UNMdP), University of Toronto at Scarborough, University of Washington [Seattle], Michigan State University System, Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), University of Guelph, Imperial College London, The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], University of Colorado [Boulder], German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig University, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), University of Oulu, USDA-ARS Grassland, Soil, and Water Research Laboratory, Temple, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [University of Toronto] (EEB), University of Toronto, CEREEP-Ecotron Ile de France (UMS 3194), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University [Suzhou], University of Kentucky (UK), Monash University [Clayton], La Trobe University [Melbourne], Yokohama National University, INTA UNPA CONICET SANTA CRUZ ARG, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Western Sydney University, Charles Sturt University [Australia], Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bangalore, University of Leeds, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Lancaster University, Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA), The University of Sydney, Peking University [Beijing], Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, University of Oxford [Oxford], Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales [Mar del Plata], Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata [Mar del Plata] (UNMdP)-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata [Mar del Plata] (UNMdP)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), University of Toronto [Scarborough, Canada], Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Kentucky, and Nature Publishing Group
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Grassland ecology, Spatial scales, Environmental change, Beta diversity, Biodiversity, spatial variation, Functional Ecosystem Change, 01 natural sciences, Plantas, Biomass, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Índices de Diversidad, Diversity Alpha, Biomass (ecology), Ecology, spatial scales, Life Sciences, food and beverages, Phosphorus, Eutrophication, Plants, Pastizales, Productivity (ecology), Abundancia, Grasslands, Nutrient cycles, EUTROPHICATION, Escalas de Análisis, Diversity Indices, Preservación de las Funcionalidades de los Pastizales, Eutrofización, Primary Productivity, Nitrogen, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Science, Diversidad Biológica, CONSERVATION, ECOLOGY, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Productividad Primaria, Ecosystem, Community ecology, PRESERVATION, Author Correction, Estabilidad, PLANT DIVERSITY, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 15. Life on land, destabilizing effects, ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE, Diversity Beta, Ciclo de nutrientes en ecosistemas, Fósforo, lcsh:Q, Species Richness, Cambios en las Funciones del Ecosistema, Fertilizer Application, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, General Physics and Astronomy, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Abundance, Abonos, Riqueza de Especies, Productivity, Diversidad Beta, 2. Zero hunger, Praderas, grassland productive, Multidisciplinary, LARGE SCALE STABILITY, Preserving Grassland Functional Stability, Nitrógeno, chronic fertilization, respiratory system, Biota, Grassland, Implicancias en la productividad, Stability, Diversidad Alfa, Biology, ENVIRONMENTAL FLUCTUATIONS, 010603 evolutionary biology, Models, Biological, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Productividad de la Tierra, Ecosystem services, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], grassland productivity, Pastures, Plant community, General Chemistry, plant diversity, Fertilization, Spatial variability, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, COMMUNITIES, human activities
Abstract: Eutrophication is a widespread environmental change that usually reduces the stabilizing effect of plant diversity on productivity in local communities. Whether this effect is scale dependent remains to be elucidated. Here, we determine the relationship between plant diversity and temporal stability of productivity for 243 plant communities from 42 grasslands across the globe and quantify the effect of chronic fertilization on these relationships. Unfertilized local communities with more plant species exhibit greater asynchronous dynamics among species in response to natural environmental fluctuations, resulting in greater local stability (alpha stability). Moreover, neighborhood communities that have greater spatial variation in plant species composition within sites (higher beta diversity) have greater spatial asynchrony of productivity among communities, resulting in greater stability at the larger scale (gamma stability). Importantly, fertilization consistently weakens the contribution of plant diversity to both of these stabilizing mechanisms, thus diminishing the positive effect of biodiversity on stability at differing spatial scales. Our findings suggest that preserving grassland functional stability requires conservation of plant diversity within and among ecological communities., Eutrophication has been shown to weaken diversity-stability relationships in grasslands, but it is unclear whether the effect depends on scale. Analysing a globally distributed network of grassland sites, the authors show a positive role of beta diversity and spatial asynchrony as drivers of stability but find that nitrogen enrichment weakens the diversity-stability relationships at different spatial scales.
Published: 2020
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17. Thermal denaturation of proteins in the muscle fibre and connective tissue from bovine muscles composed of type I (masseter) or type II (cutaneous trunci) fibres: DSC and FTIR microspectroscopy study

Author: Ranjith Rajasekharan Unnithan, Minh Ha, Robyn D. Warner, Jason D. White, Rozita Vaskoska, Annie Venien, Thierry Astruc, University of Melbourne, Qualité des Produits Animaux (QuaPA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Charles Sturt University [Australia], and Australian GovernmentCGIAR
Subjects: Meat, Cutaneous Trunci, Connective tissue, Muscle Proteins, Calorimetry, 01 natural sciences, Protein Structure, Secondary, Analytical Chemistry, DSC, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Differential scanning calorimetry, Myosin, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, medicine, Animals, Cooking, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Protein secondary structure, Microspectroscopy, integumentary system, Calorimetry, Differential Scanning, Chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Temperature, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, 040401 food science, Protein denaturation, 0104 chemical sciences, medicine.anatomical_structure, FTIR, Connective Tissue, Helix, Biophysics, Cattle, Beef, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Food Science, Fibre type
Abstract: International audience; The changes in secondary structure of proteins with heating were characterised and compared for bovine masseter (fibre type I) and cutaneous trunci (fibre type II) muscles by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) microspectroscopy. Heating led to a decrease in alpha helices, and an increase in aggregated strands, random coils and aromatic side chains in the muscle fibres of both muscles. In the intramuscular connective tissue (IMCT) of both muscles, a decrease in alpha helix, turn and unordered structures was complemented with an increase in aggregated strands. At temperatures < 60 degrees C, the greater thermal denaturation of proteins in cutaneous trunci than in masseter (FTIR), supported by a myosin associated peak at 55.8 degrees C for cutaneous trunci and no peak for masseter (DSC), indicates that myosin in type II fibres is more sensitive to thermal denaturation than myosin in type I fibres and this should be considered in thermal meat processing.
Published: 2020
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18. Assessment of substrate biodegradability improvement in anaerobic Co-digestion using a chemometrics-based metabolomic approach

Author: Laurent Mazéas, Delphine Jouan-Rimbaud Bouveresse, Douglas N. Rutledge, Laëtitia Cardona, Francesc Puig-Castellví, Olivier Chapleur, Christophe B.Y. Cordella, Instituto de Quimica (UNICAMP), Instituto De Quimica, Unicamp, Charles Sturt University [Australia], collabnat, Paris-Saclay Food and Bioproduct Engineering (SayFood), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and ANR-16-CE05-0014,DIGESTOMIC,Elaboration de nouvelles stratégies opératoires pour lever les verrous de la digestion anaérobie et élargir ses domaines d'application à l'aide d'approches méta-omiques(2016)
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Microorganism, 0208 environmental biotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Wastewater, 010501 environmental sciences, Waste Disposal, Fluid, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Chemometrics, Bioreactors, Metabolomics, Nutrient, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], Environmental Chemistry, Anaerobiosis, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], Sewage, Chemistry, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Substrate (chemistry), food and beverages, General Medicine, General Chemistry, Biodegradation, Pulp and paper industry, Pollution, 6. Clean water, 020801 environmental engineering, Anaerobic digestion, Biodegradation, Environmental, 13. Climate action, Biofuels, Methane, Anaerobic exercise
Abstract: Anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) can increase methane production of anaerobic digesters in plants treating wastewater sludge by improving the nutrient balance needed for the microorganisms to grow in the digesters, resulting in a faster process stabilization. Substrate mixture proportions are usually optimized in terms of biogas production, while the metabolic biodegradability of the whole mixture is neglected in this optimisation. In this aim, we developed a strategy to assess AcoD using metabolomics data. This strategy was explored in two different systems. Specifically, we investigated the co-digestion of wastewater sludge with different proportions of either grass or fish waste using untargeted High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS) metabolomics and chemometrics methods. The analysis of these data revealed that adding grass waste did not improve the metabolic biodegradability of wastewater sludge. Conversely, a synergistic effect in the metabolic biodegradability was observed when fish waste was used, this effect being the highest for 25% of fish waste. In conclusion, metabolomics can be regarded as a promising tool both for characterizing the biochemical processes occurring during anaerobic digestion, and for providing a better understanding of the anaerobic digestion processes.
Published: 2020
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19. Energetic fitness: Field metabolic rates assessed via 3D accelerometry complement conventional fitness metrics

Author: Melanie Massaro, Grant Ballard, Katie M. Dugger, David Grémillet, Elizabeth L. Porzig, David G. Ainley, Amélie Lescroël, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), PRBO Conservation Science, Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, Australia, Charles Sturt University [Australia], H.T. Harvey & Associates, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Field (physics), Computational biology, Biology, Accelerometer, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Complement (complexity), 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018
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20. Carbon-nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation - Part 2: Untangling climatic, edaphic, management and nitrogen deposition effects on carbon sequestration potentials

Author: Flechard, Chris, Van Oijen, Marcel, Cameron, David, De Vries, Wim, Ibrom, Andreas, Buchmann, Nina, Dise, Nancy, Janssens, Ivan, Neirynck, Johan, Montagnani, Leonardo, Varlagin, Andrej, Loustau, Denis, Legout, Arnaud, Ziemblińska, Klaudia, Aubinet, Marc, Aurela, Mika, Chojnicki, Bogdan, Drewer, Julia, Eugster, Werner, Francez, André-Jean, Juszczak, Radosław, Kitzler, Barbara, Kutsch, Werner, Lohila, Annalea, Longdoz, Bernard, Matteucci, Giorgio, Moreaux, Virginie, Neftel, Albrecht, Olejnik, Janusz, Sanz, Maria, Siemens, Jan, Vesala, Timo, Vincke, Caroline, Nemitz, Eiko, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Skiba, Ute, Sutton, Mark, Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Edinburgh] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), School of Communication, Charles Sturt University [Australia], Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Institute of Agricultural Sciences [Zürich], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Department of Environmental & Geographical Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (UA), Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Servizi Forestali, Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano, Agenzia per l'Ambiente, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Unité de bioclimatologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agro-BioTech Gembloux, Université de Liège, Climate and Global Change Research [Helsinki], Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Faculty of Environment Engineering and Spatial Management, Department of Meteorology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Institute of Plant, Animal and Agroecosystem Sciences, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Atmospheric Composition Research [Helsinki], Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech [Gembloux], Inst Agroenvironm & Forest Biol, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Neftel Research Expertise, Department of Meteorology, Faculty of Wood Technology, Poznan' University of Life Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences-Poznan University of Life Sciences, INRES Bodenwissenschaften, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Department of Forest Sciences [Helsinki], Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Bush Estate, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Institute of Soil Sciences, Vienna, University of Vienna [Vienna], Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), European Commission Joint Research Centre017841GOCE-CT-2003-505572282910, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), and University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki
Subjects: Ecology, european forests, Evolution, Physics, respiratory system, complex mixtures, Atmospheric Sciences, respiratory tract diseases, nitrogen deposition, Earth sciences, Chemistry, semi-natural vegetation, Behavior and Systematics, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, SDG 13 - Climate Action, ddc:550, carbon-nitrogen, edaphic, untangling climatic, SOIL SOLUTION CHEMISTRYNET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGEREACTIVE NITROGENTERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMSATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITIONDRY DEPOSITIONBOREAL FORESTSRESPIRATIONCYCLETEMPERATE, Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: "The effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition (N-dep) on carbon (C) sequestration in forests have often been assessed by relating differences in productivity to spatial variations of N-dep across a large geographic domain. These correlations generally suffer from covariation of other confounding variables related to climate and other growth-limiting factors, as well as large uncertainties in total (dry + wet) reactive nitrogen (N-r) deposition. We propose a methodology for untangling the effects of N-dep from those of meteorological variables, soil water retention capacity and stand age, using a mechanistic forest growth model in combination with eddy covariance CO2 exchange fluxes from a Europe-wide network of 22 forest flux towers. Total N-r deposition rates were estimated from local measurements as far as possible. The forest data were compared with data from natural or semi-natural, non-woody vegetation sites. The response of forest net ecosystem productivity to nitrogen deposition (dNEP/dN(dep)) was estimated after accounting for the effects on gross primary productivity (GPP) of the co-correlates by means of a meta-modelling standardization procedure, which resulted in a reduction by a factor of about 2 of the uncorrected, apparent dGPP/dN(dep) value. This model-enhanced analysis of the C and N-dep flux observations at the scale of the European network suggests a mean overall dNEP/dN(dep) response of forest lifetime C sequestration to N-dep of the order of 40-50 g C per g N, which is slightly larger but not significantly different from the range of estimates published in the most recent reviews. Importantly, patterns of gross primary and net ecosystem productivity versus N-dep were non-linear, with no further growth responses at high N-dep levels (N-dep > 2.5-3 gNm(-2) yr(-1)) but accompanied by increasingly large ecosystem N losses by leaching and gaseous emissions. The reduced increase in productivity per unit N deposited at high N-dep levels implies that the forecast increased N-r emissions and increased N-dep levels in large areas of Asia may not positively impact the continent's forest CO2 sink. The large level of unexplained variability in observed carbon sequestration efficiency (CSE) across sites further adds to the uncertainty in the dC/dN response." The authors gratefully acknowledge financialsupport by the European Commission through the two FP6 in-tegrated projects CarboEurope-IP (project no. GOCE-CT-2003-505572) and NitroEurope Integrated Project (project no. 017841),the FP7 ECLAIRE project (grant agreement no. 282910), and theABBA COST Action ES0804. We are also thankful for fundingfrom the French GIP-ECOFOR consortium under the F-ORE-T for-est observation and experimentation network, as well as from theMDM-2017-0714 Spanish grant. We are grateful to Janne Korho-nen, Mari Pihlatie and Dave Simpson for their comments on the pa-per. Finalization of the paper was supported by the UK Natural En-vironment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as partof the UK-SCAPE programme delivering national capability. Wealso wish to thank two anonymous referees for their constructivecriticism of the paper.
Published: 2020
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21. Carbon-nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation - Part 1: Fluxes and budgets of carbon, nitrogen and greenhouse gases from ecosystem monitoring and modelling

Author: Flechard, Chris R., Ibrom, Andreas, Skiba, Ute M., de Vries, Wim, Van Oijen, Marcel, Cameron, David R., Dise, Nancy B., Korhonen, Janne F.J., Buchmann, Nina, Legout, Arnaud, Simpson, David, Sanz, Maria J., Aubinet, Marc, Loustau, Denis, Montagnani, Leonardo, Neirynck, Johan, Janssens, Ivan A., Pihlatie, Mari, Kiese, Ralf, Siemens, Jan, Francez, André-Jean, Augustin, Jürgen, Varlagin, Andrej, Olejnik, Janusz, Juszczak, Radosław, Aurela, Mika, Berveiller, Daniel, Chojnicki, Bogdan H., Dämmgen, Ulrich, Delpierre, Nicolas, Djuricic, Vesna, Drewer, Julia, Dufrêne, Eric, Eugster, Werner, Fauvel, Yannick, Fowler, David, Frumau, Arnoud, Granier, André, Gross, Patrick, Hamon, Yannick, Helfter, Carole, Hensen, Arjan, Horváth, László, Kitzler, Barbara, Kruijt, Bart, Kutsch, Werner L., Lobo-do-Vale, Raquel, Lohila, Annalea, Longdoz, Bernard, Marek, Michal V., Matteucci, Giorgio, Mitosinkova, Marta, Moreaux, Virginie, Neftel, Albrecht, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, Pilegaard, Kim, Pita, Gabriel, Sanz, Francisco, Schjoerring, Jan K., Sebastià, Maria-Teresa, Tang, Y. Sim, Uggerud, Hilde, Urbaniak, Marek, van Dijk, Netty, Vesala, Timo, Vidic, Sonja, Vincke, Caroline, Weidinger, Tamás, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Nemitz, Eiko, Sutton, Mark A., Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Edinburgh] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), School of Communication, Charles Sturt University [Australia], Department of Environmental & Geographical Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU), Department of Physics, Institute of Agricultural Sciences [Zürich], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), Agro-BioTech Gembloux, Université de Liège, Unité de bioclimatologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Servizi Forestali, Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano, Agenzia per l'Ambiente, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (UA), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), INRES Bodenwissenschaften, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Meteorology, Faculty of Wood Technology, Poznan' University of Life Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences-Poznan University of Life Sciences, Climate and Global Change Research [Helsinki], Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Environment Engineering and Spatial Management, Department of Meteorology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Institute for Agricultural Climate Research, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Abeilles, Institute of Plant, Animal and Agroecosystem Sciences, NERC Centre of Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy (CIML), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Edinburgh Research Station, Earth System Science and Climate Change Group, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Agronomy Institute, Technical University of Lisbon, Atmospheric Composition Research [Helsinki], Division of Ecosystems Processes Lab. of Plants Ecological Physiology, Institute of Systems Biology and Ecology, Inst Agroenvironm & Forest Biol, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute, Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute (SHMU), Neftel Research Expertise, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Biosystems Division [Roskilde], Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy (Risø DTU), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU)-Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Mechanical Engineering Department, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (IST), IT University of Copenhagen (ITU), Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Global Change (ECOFUN), Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Department of Forest Sciences [Helsinki], Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Institute of Soil Sciences, Vienna, University of Vienna [Vienna], Bush Estate, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, GOCE-CT-2003-505572, Sixth Framework Programme, 282910, Seventh Framework Programme, European Project: 282910,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2011,ECLAIRE(2011), European Project: 28980,CARBOEUROPE-IP, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU)-Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), IT University of Copenhagen, University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Jonchère, Laurent, Effects of Climate Change on Air Pollution Impacts and Response Strategies for European Ecosystems - ECLAIRE - - EC:FP7:ENV2011-10-01 - 2015-09-30 - 282910 - VALID, ASSESSMENT OF THE EUROPEAN TERRESTRIAL CARBON BALANCE - CARBOEUROPE-IP - 28980 - OLD, and UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, Evolution, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, TROPICAL FORESTS, Atmospheric Sciences, DRY DEPOSITION, Behavior and Systematics, QUALITY-CONTROL, greenhouse gases, ddc:550, BOREAL FORESTS, SDG 13 - Climate Action, LONG-TERM IMPACTSEDDY-COVARIANCEREACTIVE NITROGENDRY DEPOSITIONORGANIC NITROGENTROPICAL FORESTSQUALITY-CONTROLBOREAL FORESTSOXIDE FLUXESTREE GROWTH, REACTIVE NITROGEN, Biology, Earth-Surface Processes, ecosystem, TREE GROWTH, Ecology, Physics, LONG-TERM IMPACTS, European forest, EDDY-COVARIANCE, Chemistry, Earth sciences, ORGANIC NITROGEN, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, semi-natural vegetation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, carbon-nitrogen, OXIDE FLUXES
Abstract: The impact of atmospheric reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposition on carbon (C) sequestration in soils and biomass of unfertilized, natural, semi-natural and forest ecosystems has been much debated. Many previous results of this dC∕dN response were based on changes in carbon stocks from periodical soil and ecosystem inventories, associated with estimates of Nr deposition obtained from large-scale chemical transport models. This study and a companion paper (Flechard et al., 2020) strive to reduce uncertainties of N effects on C sequestration by linking multi-annual gross and net ecosystem productivity estimates from 40 eddy covariance flux towers across Europe to local measurement-based estimates of dry and wet Nr deposition from a dedicated collocated monitoring network. To identify possible ecological drivers and processes affecting the interplay between C and Nr inputs and losses, these data were also combined with in situ flux measurements of NO, N2O and CH4 fluxes; soil NO−3 leaching sampling; and results of soil incubation experiments for N and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as well as surveys of available data from online databases and from the literature, together with forest ecosystem (BASFOR) modelling. Multi-year averages of net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in forests ranged from −70 to 826 g C m−2 yr−1 at total wet + dry inorganic Nr deposition rates (Ndep) of 0.3 to 4.3 g N m−2 yr−1 and from −4 to 361 g C m−2 yr−1 at Ndep rates of 0.1 to 3.1 g N m−2 yr−1 in short semi-natural vegetation (moorlands, wetlands and unfertilized extensively managed grasslands). The GHG budgets of the forests were strongly dominated by CO2 exchange, while CH4 and N2O exchange comprised a larger proportion of the GHG balance in short semi-natural vegetation. Uncertainties in elemental budgets were much larger for nitrogen than carbon, especially at sites with elevated Ndep where Nr leaching losses were also very large, and compounded by the lack of reliable data on organic nitrogen and N2 losses by denitrification. Nitrogen losses in the form of NO, N2O and especially NO−3 were on average 27 % (range 6 %–54 %) of Ndep at sites with Ndep 3 g N m−2 yr−1. Such large levels of Nr loss likely indicate that different stages of N saturation occurred at a number of sites. The joint analysis of the C and N budgets provided further hints that N saturation could be detected in altered patterns of forest growth. Net ecosystem productivity increased with Nr deposition up to 2–2.5 g N m−2 yr−1, with large scatter associated with a wide range in carbon sequestration efficiency (CSE, defined as the NEP ∕ GPP ratio). At elevated Ndep levels (> 2.5 g N m−2 yr−1), where inorganic Nr losses were also increasingly large, NEP levelled off and then decreased. The apparent increase in NEP at low to intermediate Ndep levels was partly the result of geographical cross-correlations between Ndep and climate, indicating that the actual mean dC∕dN response at individual sites was significantly lower than would be suggested by a simple, straightforward regression of NEP vs. Ndep. The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support by the European Commission through the two FP6 integrated projects CarboEurope Integrated Project (project no. GOCE-CT-2003-505572) and NitroEurope Integrated Project (project no. 017841), the FP7 ECLAIRE project (grant agreement no. 282910), and the ABBA COST Action ES0804. We are also thankful for funding from the French GIP-ECOFOR consortium under the F-ORE-T forest observation and experimentation network, as well as from the MDM-2017-0714 Spanish grant. Computer time for EMEP model runs was supported by the Research Council of Norway through the NOTUR project EMEP (NN2890K). Finalization of the paper was supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UKSCAPE programme delivering national capability.
Published: 2020
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22. Deep biometrics

Author: Jiang, Richard, Li, Chang-Tsun, Crookes, Danny, Meng, Weizhi, Rosenberger, Christophe, Lancaster University, Charles Sturt University [Australia], School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Equipe SAFE - Laboratoire GREYC - UMR6072, Groupe de Recherche en Informatique, Image et Instrumentation de Caen (GREYC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)
Subjects: biometrics, Data_MISCELLANEOUS, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, deep learning, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], [INFO.INFO-CL]Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL], [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], [INFO.INFO-TT]Computer Science [cs]/Document and Text Processing, [INFO.INFO-CR]Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR], ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION, ComputerApplications_MISCELLANEOUS, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], [INFO.INFO-AU]Computer Science [cs]/Automatic Control Engineering, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], InformationSystems_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; This book highlights new advances in biometrics using deep learning toward deeper and wider background, deeming it “Deep Biometrics”. The book aims to highlight recent developments in biometrics using semi-supervised and unsupervised methods such as Deep Neural Networks, Deep Stacked Autoencoder, Convolutional Neural Networks, Generative Adversary Networks, and so on. The contributors demonstrate the power of deep learning techniques in the emerging new areas such as privacy and security issues, cancellable biometrics, soft biometrics, smart cities, big biometric data, biometric banking, medical biometrics, healthcare biometrics, and biometric genetics, etc. The goal of this volume is to summarize the recent advances in using Deep Learning in the area of biometric security and privacy toward deeper and wider applications.Highlights the impact of deep learning over the field of biometrics in a wide area;Exploits the deeper and wider background of biometrics, such as privacy versus security, biometric big data, biometric genetics, and biometric diagnosis, etc.;Introduces new biometric applications such as biometric banking, internet of things, cloud computing, and medical biometrics.
Published: 2020

23. Two standard-free approaches to correct for external influences on near-infrared spectra to make models widely applicable

Author: Puneet Mishra, Douglas N. Rutledge, Ernst J. Woltering, Jean-Michel Roger, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Information – Technologies – Analyse Environnementale – Procédés Agricoles (UMR ITAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), CHEMHOUSE RESEARCH GROUP MONTPELLIER FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Paris-Saclay Food and Bioproduct Engineering (SayFood), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Charles Sturt University [Australia], and collabinternat
Subjects: Mean squared error, 02 engineering and technology, Horticulture, 01 natural sciences, Model adaption, Chemometrics, Reduction (complexity), [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], Projection (set theory), Spectroscopy, Mathematics, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, 010401 analytical chemistry, Near-infrared spectroscopy, Horticulture & Product Physiology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, PE&RC, 0104 chemical sciences, Scalable spectroscopy, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Post Harvest Technology, 0210 nano-technology, Biological system, Agronomy and Crop Science, Orthogonalization, Tuinbouw & Productfysiologie, Multivariate, Predictive modelling, Food Science
Abstract: International audience; In near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy of fresh fruit often the external influences due to differences in physical, chemical and environmental conditions lead to model failure. Correction methods are required where standard samples are measured covering all different conditions and then remodeling is performed. However, in the realworld, it is often difficult to measure standard samples. To deal with this, two different approaches to correct for external influences without standard sample measurements i.e., dynamic orthogonalization projection (DOP) and domain adaption (DA), are presented, and for the first time are applied to NIR spectroscopy of fresh fruit. Four different case studies, chosen based on their importance and their frequency of occurrences in the NIR spectroscopy domain, were used for the demonstration. The first case was an adaption to maintain the predictive performance of a model when used on a spectra from a second similar instrument. The second case was the correction of the temperature effects due to sensor heating. The third and fourth cases were about maintaining the model performance for multi-season fruit quality prediction models for mangos and for apples. In all of the cases, the aim was to solve the challenges without resorting to new measurement of standards. The results showed that for all the cases, both DOP and DA improved model performances. Up to 31% increase in R 2 p, and 98% and 66% reduction in prediction bias and root mean squared error (RMSE) of prediction were noted, respectively. The main benefit of the DOP and DA techniques in NIR spectroscopy is the limited need for standard measurements, providing general-purpose tools to complement the NIR spectroscopy and make the models scalable, transferable, and reusable.
Published: 2020
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24. Global CO2 emissions from dry inland waters share common drivers across ecosystems

Author: C. Feijoó, Jong-Gil Park, Nusret Karakaya, Jason Condon, Sarian Kosten, Rafael Marcé, Giovanna Flaim, Annika Linkhorst, Lluís Gómez-Gener, Hans-Peter Grossart, M. Melita, Catherine Leigh, M. M. Sánchez-Montoya, Philipp S. Keller, D. von Schiller, Sophie Cauvy-Fraunié, E. S. Oliveira Junior, Tenna Riis, Qian Zhang, Gabriela Onandia, Marieke A. Frassl, Clara Mendoza-Lera, André Megali Amado, Fábio Roland, Claumir Cezar Muniz, María Isabel Arce, Thibault Datry, Ada Pastor, Ralf Aben, Alo Laas, Julia Howitt, Ulrike Obertegger, Arturo Elosegi, C. M. Finlayson, Raquel Mendonça, Matthias Koschorreck, José R. Paranaíba, Biel Obrador, Florian Reverey, Núria Catalán, Rosa Gómez, Eva-Ingrid Rõõm, Nathan Barros, R. del Campo, H. Wang, CATALAN INSTITUTE FOR WATER RESEARCH GIRONA ESP, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [Espagne] (UPV/EHU), Leibniz-Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB), Leibniz Association, DEPARTMENT OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES FACULTY OF BIOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA ESP, Laboratoire de Nanophysique Magnétisme et Optoélectronique (LNMO), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), FONDAZIONE EDMUND MACH SAN MICHELE ALL ADIGE ITA, Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología y Geología [Río Negro] (IIPG), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Río Negro (UNRN), DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY FACULTY OF BIOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF MURCIA ESP, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Fluviaux (EHF), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, China Jiliang University (CJLU), RADBOUD UNIVERSITY NIJMEGEN NLD, Honda Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, IHE Delft, Institute for Water Education, Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions (UR MALY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Laboratoire de cristallographie et sciences des matériaux (CRISMAT), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Instituto Catalán de Investigación del Agua - ICRA (SPAIN) (ICRA), Universitat de Girona (UdG), University of Barcelona, University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University [Brisbane], Abant Izzet Baysal University - Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Charles Sturt University [Australia], RiverLy - Fonctionnement des hydrosystèmes (RiverLy), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Fondazione Edmund Mach - Edmund Mach Foundation [Italie] (FEM), Radboud University [Nijmegen], Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Uppsala University, Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, Universidad de Murcia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte [Natal] (UFRN), Utah State University (USU), Estonian University of Life Sciences (EMU), EWHA Womans University (EWHA), Universidad Nacional de Luján [Buenos Aires], University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Institute for Water Education (IHE Delft ), CNR Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Umeå University, Queensland University of Technology [Brisbane] (QUT), Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University (RMIT University), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology (Niglas), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), GLEON (Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network)-German Research Foundation (DFG) : KO1911 / 6-1, GR1540 / 23-1-Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities : CGL2017-86788-C3-3-P, CGL2017-86788-C3-2-P-Spanish Government European Commission : CGL2016-77487-R-Basque Government : IT951-16-BBVA Foundation : 06417-European Research Council (ERC) European Commission :336642-National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) : 310033/2017-9-Carlsberg Foundation : CF16-0325-Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) : 86312012-Ministry of Education and Research, Estonia : IUT 21-02-Estonian Research Council : PUT PSG32, PUT1598-National Research Foundation of Korea : 2017R1D1A1B06035179-Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) : 2WCL1337A-Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst (DAAD) : 57218695-Fundacion Seneca : 20645/JLI/18-Beatriu de Pinos grant : 201600215-Ramon Areces Foundation postgraduate studies programme -University of Murcia : FPU R-269/2014 001-French Agency for Biodiversity - Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI) -European Commission : FEDER-MCIU-AEI/CGL2017-86788-C3-European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) : CA15113, BAİBÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü, Karakaya, Nusret, Universitat de Girona [Girona], Department of Environmental Engineering, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Gölköy Campus, 14280 Bolu, Turkey, Riverly (Riverly), Radboud university [Nijmegen], Inst Landscape Biogeochem, Leibniz Ctr Agr Landscape Res, Muncheberg, Germany, Partenaires INRAE, ESTONIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES RUNNU EST, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of Mato Grosso State, INSTITUTE FOR FUTURE ENVIRONMENTS AND SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES QUEENSLAND UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY BRISBANE AUS, École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)
Subjects: Drawdown, General Physics and Astronomy, Wetland, hydrology, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Klimatforskning, chemistry.chemical_compound, Environmental protection, Seas, Responses, Canvi climàtic, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Respiration, Carbon cycle, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Miljövetenskap, Dry sediments, Mar, Fluxes, Carbon dioxide, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 0210 nano-technology, Climate Research, Science, 010402 general chemistry, CO2 emissions, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Carbon-dioxide emissions, Atmosphere, Hydrology (agriculture), Rivers, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, Ecosystem, geography, Aquatic Ecology, Global change, Exchange, General Chemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, Climatic change, CO2 fluxes, Lakes, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Reservoirs, Greenhouse gas, Ecological Microbiology, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, Ch4 emissions, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Diòxid de carboni, Environmental Sciences, Greenhouse-gas emissions
Abstract: Many inland waters exhibit complete or partial desiccation, or have vanished due to global change, exposing sediments to the atmosphere. Yet, data on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from these sediments are too scarce to upscale emissions for global estimates or to understand their fundamental drivers. Here, we present the results of a global survey covering 196 dry inland waters across diverse ecosystem types and climate zones. We show that their CO2 emissions share fundamental drivers and constitute a substantial fraction of the carbon cycled by inland waters. CO2 emissions were consistent across ecosystem types and climate zones, with local characteristics explaining much of the variability. Accounting for such emissions increases global estimates of carbon emissions from inland waters by 6% (~0.12 Pg C y−1). Our results indicate that emissions from dry inland waters represent a significant and likely increasing component of the inland waters carbon cycle., Many inland waters seasonally or permanently dry up, thus exposing sediments to the atmosphere. Here the authors show that a substantial amount of CO2 is emitted from these dry sediments, increasing current inland water carbon flux estimates by 6%.
Published: 2020
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25. New data preprocessing trends based on ensemble of multiple preprocessing techniques

Author: Alessandra Biancolillo, Puneet Mishra, Douglas N. Rutledge, Federico Marini, Jean-Michel Roger, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences [L'Aquila] (DSFC), Università degli Studi dell'Aquila (UNIVAQ), Information – Technologies – Analyse Environnementale – Procédés Agricoles (UMR ITAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), CHEMHOUSE RESEARCH GROUP MONTPELLIER FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Paris-Saclay Food and Bioproduct Engineering (SayFood), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Charles Sturt University [Australia], and collabinternat
Subjects: Multivariate calibration, Property (programming), Computer science, Variation (game tree), computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Chemometrics, 03 medical and health sciences, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], Ensemble learning, Preprocessor, [MATH]Mathematics [math], Preprocessing, Spectroscopy, 030304 developmental biology, Multi-block analysis, Scientific instrument, 0303 health sciences, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, 010401 analytical chemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, Identification (information), [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Data mining, Data pre-processing, Post Harvest Technology, computer
Abstract: International audience; Data generated by analytical instruments, such as spectrometers, may contain unwanted variation due to measurement mode, sample state and other external physical, chemical and environmental factors. Preprocessing is required so that the property of interest can be predicted correctly. Different correction methods may remove specific types of artefacts while still leaving some effects behind. Using multiple preprocessing in a complementary way can remove the artefacts that would be left behind by using only one technique. This article summarizes the recent developments in new data preprocessing strategies and specifically reviews the emerging ensemble approaches to preprocessing fusion in chemometrics. A demonstration case is also presented. In summary, ensemble preprocessing allows the selection of several techniques and their combinations that, in a complementary way, lead to improved models. Ensemble approaches are not limited to spectral data but can be used in all cases where preprocessing is needed and identification of a single best option is not easily done.
Published: 2020
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26. Evidence of age-related improvement in the foraging efficiency of Adélie penguins

Author: Annie E. Schmidt, Grant Ballard, Katie M. Dugger, David G. Ainley, Scott Jennings, Annie Pollard, Melanie Massaro, Arvind Varsani, Elizabeth L. Porzig, David Grémillet, Amélie Lescroël, Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PRBO Conservation Science, Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, Australia, Charles Sturt University [Australia], Electron Microscopy Unit, University of Cape Town, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), H.T. Harvey & Associates, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Aging, Range (biology), Foraging, lcsh:Medicine, Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Sex Factors, Age related, biology.animal, Animals, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Multidisciplinary, lcsh:R, Age Factors, Catch per unit effort, Spheniscidae, 030104 developmental biology, Variation (linguistics), Ageing, Predatory Behavior, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Female, lcsh:Q, Seabird, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Demography
Abstract: Age variation in reproductive performance is well-documented but the mechanisms underlying this variation remain unclear. Foraging efficiency is likely to be a key source of demographic variation as it determines the amount of energy that can be invested in fitness-related activities. Evidence of age-related changes in the foraging efficiency of adult seabirds is scarce and inconsistent. We investigated the effects of age on the foraging efficiency of breeding Adélie penguins, a relatively short-lived seabird species, in order to gain a broader perspective on the processes driving variation in ageing rates. We found support for a positive effect of age, either linear or levelling off at old ages, on both our proxies for daily catch rate and catch per unit effort. Across all age classes, males were more performant foragers than females. We found no strong evidence for differing ageing patterns between sexes or individual quality levels, and no evidence for senescence. We infer that continuous individual improvement could be responsible for a larger amount of the variation in foraging efficiency with age at our study site, compared with selective disappearance of underperforming phenotypes. The different results reported by other studies highlight the need to conduct longitudinal studies across a range of species in different environments.
Published: 2019
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27. Additive Traits Lead to Feeding Advantage and Reproductive Isolation, Promoting Homoploid Hybrid Speciation

Author: Petra Quillfeldt, Peter G. Ryan, Edson Sandoval-Castellanos, Cristián G. Suazo, Yoshan Moodley, Richard J. Cuthbert, Lara D. Shepherd, Luciano Calderón, Richard A. Phillips, Melanie Massaro, Yves Cherel, Henri Weimerskirch, Manuel Marin, Joan Navarro, Juan F. Masello, Theresa L. Cole, Rachael Alderman, Department of Animal Ecology & Systematics [Germany], Justus-Liebig-University [Gießen, Germany], Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Department of Primary Industries [Australia], Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Section of Ornithology, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County [USA], Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, Australia, Charles Sturt University [Australia], Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence-University of Cape Town, Museum of New Zealand - Te Papa Tongarewa, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Department of Zoology, University of Venda [South Africa], University of Venda, Institut Polaire Français, Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises, Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund, Brian Mason Scientific and Technical Trust, German Research Foundation, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), and University of Cape Town-DST-NRF Centre of Excellence
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, additive traits, increased hybrid fitness, Biología, reproductive isolation, 01 natural sciences, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Genética y Herencia, homoploid hybrid speciation, Pachyptila, ADDITIVE TRAITS, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Pachyptila desolata, biology, Beak, Reproductive isolation, Pachyptila salvini, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Procellariiformes, seabird, Pachyptila vittata, Genetic Speciation, Population, Zoology, 010603 evolutionary biology, Birds, Ciencias Biológicas, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, SEABIRD, Animals, PROCELLARIIFORMES, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], education, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Discoveries, HOMOPLOID HYBRID SPECIATION, 030304 developmental biology, Feeding Behavior, 15. Life on land, Ecología, biology.organism_classification, Diet, INCREASED HYBRID FITNESS, Backcrossing, Hybridization, Genetic, Hybrid speciation
Abstract: 15 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, supplementary material, Speciation through homoploid hybridization (HHS) is considered extremely rare in animals. This is mainly because the establishment of reproductive isolation as a product of hybridization is uncommon. Additionally, many traits are underpinned by polygeny and/or incomplete dominance, where the hybrid phenotype is an additive blend of parental characteristics. Phenotypically intermediate hybrids are usually at a fitness disadvantage compared with parental species and tend to vanish through backcrossing with parental population(s). It is therefore unknown whether the additive nature of hybrid traits in itself could lead successfully to HHS. Using a multi-marker genetic data set and a meta-analysis of diet and morphology, we investigated a potential case of HHS in the prions (Pachyptila spp.), seabirds distinguished by their bills, prey choice, and timing of breeding. Using approximate Bayesian computation, we show that the medium-billed Salvin’s prion (Pachyptila salvini) could be a hybrid between the narrow-billed Antarctic prion (Pachyptila desolata) and broad-billed prion (Pachyptila vittata). Remarkably, P. salvini’s intermediate bill width has given it a feeding advantage with respect to the other Pachyptila species, allowing it to consume a broader range of prey, potentially increasing its fitness. Available metadata showed that P. salvini is also intermediate in breeding phenology and, with no overlap in breeding times, it is effectively reproductively isolated from either parental species through allochrony. These results provide evidence for a case of HHS in nature, and show for the first time that additivity of divergent parental traits alone can lead directly to increased hybrid fitness and reproductive isolation, This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Germany), Heisenberg program (grant number DFG, Qu 148-5 to P.Q.), a CGS award from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), the Institut Polaire Français Paul Emile Victor (Programme N°109, to H.W.), the Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises (Kerguelen), Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund and the Brian Mason Scientific and Technical Trust (Chatham Islands)
Published: 2019
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28. White paper on the future of plasma science and technology in plastics and textiles

Author: Cvelbar, Uroš, Walsh, James, Černák, Mirko, de Vries, Hindrik, Reuter, Stephan, Belmonte, Thierry, Corbella, Carles, Miron, Camelia, Hojnik, Nataša, Jurov, Andrea, Puliyalil, Harinarayanan, Gorjanc, Marija, Portal, Sabine, Laurita, Romolo, Colombo, Vittorio, Schäfer, Jan, Nikiforov, Anton, Myodic, Martina, Kylian, Ondrej, Polak, Martin, Labay, Cedric, Canal, Jose, Canal, Cristina, Gherardi, Matteo, Bazaka, Kateryna, Sonar, Prashant, Ostrikov, Kostya, Cameron, David, Thomas, Sabu, Modic, Martina, Weltmann, Klaus-Dieter, INP Greifswald, Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), FEMAN (FEMAN), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), School of Communication, Charles Sturt University [Australia], School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Mahatma Gandhi University, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Leibniz Association, Cvelbar, Uroš, Walsh, James L., Černák, Mirko, de Vries, Hindrik W., Reuter, Stephan, Belmonte, Thierry, Corbella, Carle, Miron, Camelia, Hojnik, Nataša, Jurov, Andrea, Puliyalil, Harinarayanan, Gorjanc, Marija, Portal, Sabine, Laurita, Romolo, Colombo, Vittorio, Schäfer, Jan, Nikiforov, Anton, Modic, Martina, Kylian, Ondrej, Polak, Martin, Labay, Cedric, Canal, Jose M., Canal, Cristina, Gherardi, Matteo, Bazaka, Kateryna, Sonar, Prashant, Ostrikov, Kostya K., Cameron, David, Thomas, Sabu, Weltmann, Klaus-Dieter, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Enginyeria Metal·lúrgica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. TECTEX - Grup de Recerca en Tecnologia Tèxtil, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. BBT - Biomaterials, Biomecànica i Enginyeria de Teixits, and Inštitut 'Jožef Stefan'
Subjects: Engineering, Textile, Polymers and Plastics, Textile production, Plasma (Gasos ionitzats), Enginyeria dels materials [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], 01 natural sciences, plasma, plastics, textile, trends, white paper, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Plasma, White paper, 0103 physical sciences, Plasma processing, Grand Challenges, 010302 applied physics, Plasma (Ionized gases), business.industry, Plàstics, [SPI.PLASMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Plasmas, Condensed Matter Physics, Environmentally friendly, Manufacturing engineering, Trends, Teixits i tèxtils, business, Plastics, Textile fabrics
Abstract: This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: “Uros, C., Walsh, J., Cernák, M., Labay, C., Canal, J.M., Canal, C. (2019) White paper on the future of plasma science and technology in plastics and textiles. Plasma processes and polymers, 16 1 which has been published in final form at [doi: 10.1002/ppap.201700228]. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving." This white paper considers the future of plasma science and technology related to the manufacturing and modifications of plastics and textiles, summarizing existing efforts and the current state‐of‐art for major topics related to plasma processing techniques. It draws on the frontier of plasma technologies in order to see beyond and identify the grand challenges which we face in the following 5–10 years. To progress and move the frontier forward, the paper highlights the major enabling technologies and topics related to the design of surfaces, coatings and materials with non‐equilibrium plasmas. The aim is to progress the field of plastics and textile production using advanced plasma processing as the key enabling technology which is environmentally friendly, cost efficient, and offers high‐speed processing
Published: 2019
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29. Global phylogeography and genetic diversity of the zoonotic tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto genotype G1

Author: Ibrahim Balkaya, Houria Zait, Viliam Šnábel, Teivi Laurimäe, Sami Simsek, Robin B. Gasser, Maria Teresa Manfredi, Francisco Ponce-Gordo, Luis Miguel González, Selim M’rad, Gerardo Acosta-Jamett, Abdul Jabbar, Steffen Rehbein, Mitra Sharbatkhori, Liina Kinkar, Karen Luisa Haag, Hein Sprong, Myriam Oudni-M’rad, Vanessa Andresiuk, David Jenkins, Antonio Varcasia, Eshrat Beigom Kia, Adriano Casulli, Gérald Umhang, Mohammad Rostami-Nejad, Joke van der Giessen, Urmas Saarma, Hossein Mirhendi, Silvia Viviana Soriano, Malik Irshadullah, Nora Beatriz Pierangeli, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences [Tartu], University of Tartu, Universidad Austral de Chile, Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias (FCEyN, UNMdP), Atatürk University School of Medicine, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Centre for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), University Hospital Mustapha Alger, Aligarh Muslim University, Charles Sturt University [Australia], Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Université de Monastir - University of Monastir (UM), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences [Tehran] (SBUMS), Shahid Beheshti University, Comahue National University, Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Kathrinenhof Research Center, Merial GmbH, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, University of Firat, Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Laboratoire de la rage et de la faune sauvage de Nancy (LRFSN), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), University of Sassari, This work was supported by institutional research funding (IUT20-32) from the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research, and the Estonian Doctoral School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences. RBG’s recent research has been supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC), the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia, Yourgene Bioscience (Taiwan), Melbourne Water Corporation (Australia) and The University of Melbourne (Australia)., European Project: 602051,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2013-INNOVATION-1,HERACLES(2013), Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Universidad Nacional del Comahue [Neuquén] (UNCOMA), and Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Genotype, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, Global phylogeography, 0302 clinical medicine, Mitochondrial genome, Echinococcosis, Zoonoses, Genetic variation, parasitic diseases, Animals, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Genetic variability, Echinococcus granulosus, Genetic diversity, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, biology, Molecular epidemiology, Phylogenetic tree, Genetic Variation, DNA, Helminth, biology.organism_classification, Livestock domestication, Phylogeography, Cystic echinococcosis, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Evolutionary biology, Parasitology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract: International audience; Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) is the major cause of human cystic echinococcosis worldwide and is listed among the most severe parasitic diseases of humans. To date, numerous studies have investigated the genetic diversity and population structure of E. granulosus s.s. in various geographic regions. However, there has been no global study. Recently, using mitochondrial DNA, it was shown that E. granulosus s.s. G1 and G3 are distinct genotypes, but a larger dataset is required to confirm the distinction of these genotypes. The objectives of this study were to: (i) investigate the distinction of genotypes G1 and G3 using a large global dataset; and (ii) analyse the genetic diversity and phylogeography of genotype G1 on a global scale using near-complete mitogenome sequences. For this study, 222 globally distributed E. granulosus s.s. samples were used, of which 212 belonged to genotype G1 and 10 to G3. Using a total sequence length of 11,682 bp, we inferred phylogenetic networks for three datasets: E. granulosus s.s. (n = 222), G1 (n = 212) and human G1 samples (n = 41). In addition, the Bayesian phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses were performed. The latter yielded several strongly supported diffusion routes of genotype G1 originating from Turkey, Tunisia and Argentina. We conclude that: (i) using a considerably larger dataset than employed previously, E. granulosus s.s. G1 and G3 are indeed distinct mitochondrial genotypes; (ii) the genetic diversity of E. granulosus s.s. G1 is high globally, with lower values in South America; and (iii) the complex phylogeographic patterns emerging from the phylogenetic and geographic analyses suggest that the current distribution of genotype G1 has been shaped by intensive animal trade.
Published: 2018
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30. Distinguishing Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto genotypes G1 and G3 with confidence: A practical guide

Author: Gerardo Acosta-Jamett, Karen Luisa Haag, Viliam Šnábel, Myriam Oudni-M’rad, David Jenkins, Houria Zait, Nora Beatriz Pierangeli, Steffen Rehbein, Robin B. Gasser, Liina Kinkar, Teivi Laurimäe, Antonio Varcasia, Sami Simsek, Gérald Umhang, Vanessa Andresiuk, Hein Sprong, Abdul Jabbar, Silvia Viviana Soriano, Francisco Ponce-Gordo, Mohammad Rostami-Nejad, Eshrat Beigom Kia, Hossein Mirhendi, Malik Irshadullah, Adriano Casulli, Ibrahim Balkaya, Urmas Saarma, Maria Teresa Manfredi, Selim M’rad, Luis Miguel González, Mitra Sharbatkhori, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, University of Tartu, Universidad Austral de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales [Buenos Aires] (FCEyN), Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA), Atatürk University School of Medicine, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), University Hospital Mustapha Alger, Aligarh Muslim University, Charles Sturt University [Australia], Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences [Iran] (MUI), Université de Monastir - University of Monastir (UM), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences [Tehran] (SBUMS), Shahid Beheshti University, Comahue National University, Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Kathrinenhof Research Center, Merial GmbH, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences [Tehran, Iran] (IUMS), University of Firat, Centre for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Laboratoire de la rage et de la faune sauvage de Nancy (LRFSN), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), and University of Sassari
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Mitochondrial DNA, Species complex, Genotype, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Genomics, Biology, Mitochondrial markers, Microbiology, Genome, 03 medical and health sciences, Sensu, Echinococcosis, parasitic diseases, Genetic variation, Genetics, Animals, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Echinococcus granulosus, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Genes, Helminth, Phylogeny, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto, Geography, The nad5 gene, 030108 mycology & parasitology, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Cystic echinococcosis, Phylogeography, Infectious Diseases, Genes, Mitochondrial, Genotype identification, Evolutionary biology, Genome, Mitochondrial
Abstract: International audience; Cystic echinococcosis (CE), a zoonotic disease caused by tapeworms of the species complex Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato, represents a substantial global health and economic burden. Within this complex, E. granulosus sensu stricto (genotypes G1 and G3) is the most frequent causative agent of human CE. Currently, there is no fully reliable method for assigning samples to genotypes G1 and G3, as the commonly used mitochondrial cox1 and nad1 genes are not sufficiently consistent for the identification and differentiation of these genotypes. Thus, a new genetic assay is required for the accurate assignment of G1 and G3. Here we use a large dataset of near-complete mtDNA sequences (n = 303) to reveal the extent of genetic variation of G1 and G3 on a broad geographical scale and to identify reliable informative positions for G1 and G3. Based on extensive sampling and sequencing data, we developed a new method, that is simple and cost-effective, to designate samples to genotypes G1 and G3. We found that the nad5 is the best gene in mtDNA to differentiate between G1 and G3, and developed new primers for the analysis. Our results also highlight problems related to the commonly used cox1 and nad1. To guarantee consistent identification of G1 and G3, we suggest using the sequencing of the nad5 gene region (680 bp). This region contains six informative positions within a relatively short fragment of the mtDNA, allowing the differentiation of G1 and G3 with confidence. Our method offers clear advantages over the previous ones, providing a significantly more consistent means to distinguish G1 and G3 than the commonly used cox1 and nad1.
Published: 2018
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31. Sphagnum Species Modulate their Phenolic Profiles and Mycorrhizal Colonization of Surrounding Andromeda polifolia along Peatland Microhabitats

Author: Leslie A. Weston, Gilles Comte, Marie Laure Toussaint, Philippe Binet, Floriant Bellvert, Geneviève Chiapusio, Alexandre Buttler, Frédéric Delarue, Vincent E. J. Jassey, Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecological Systems Laboratory ECOS, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Avalanche Research WSL, French National Agency [ANR-07-VUL-010], Pays Montbeliard Agglomeration (France), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, ANR-07-VULN-0010,PEATWARM,Impact du réchauffement climatique sur la focntion de puits de carbone de l'ecosysteme tourbières à sphaignes.(2007), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MetaToul FluxoMet (TBI-MetaToul), MetaboHUB-MetaToul, MetaboHUB-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-MetaboHUB-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Charles Sturt University [Australia], École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Peat, tourbière, heathland, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Sphagnum, Plant Roots, peatland microhabitats, Soil, Abundance (ecology), bryophytes, Mycorrhizae, plant soil-interactions, Colonization, Mycorrhiza, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Principal Component Analysis, biology, plants, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, carbon loss, Sphagnum magellanicum, symbiosis, Sphagnum fallax, phenolic profiles, gradient, mycorrhizal colonization, mycorhize, Ericaceae, Seasons, Ericaceous Andromeda polifolia, substrat de mousse de sphaigne, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization, mycorrhiza, Phenols, evolution, Botany, Sphagnopsida, global change, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Allelopathy, Ecosystem, peatlands, Water, 15. Life on land, Sphagnum mosses, biology.organism_classification, allelopathy, responses, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, profil phénolique, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Sphagnum mosses mediate long-term carbon accumulation in peatlands. Given their functional role as keystone species, it is important to consider their responses to ecological gradients and environmental changes through the production of phenolics. We compared the extent to which Sphagnum phenolic production was dependent on species, microhabitats and season, and how surrounding dwarf shrubs responded to Sphagnum phenolics. We evaluated the phenolic profiles of aqueous extracts of Sphagnum fallax and Sphagnum magellanicum over a 6-month period in two microhabitats (wet lawns versus dry hummocks) in a French peatland. Phenolic profiles of water-soluble extracts were measured by UHPLC-QTOF-MS. Andromeda polifolia mycorrhizal colonization was quantified by assessing the intensity of global root cortex colonization. Phenolic profiles of both Sphagnum mosses were species-, season- and microhabitat- dependant. Sphagnum-derived acids were the phenolics mostly recovered; relative quantities were 2.5-fold higher in S. fallax than in S. magellanicum. Microtopography and vascular plant cover strongly influenced phenolic profiles, especially for minor metabolites present in low abundance. Higher mycorrhizal colonization of A. polifolia was found in lawns as compared to hummocks. Mycorrhizal abundance, in contrast to environmental parameters, was correlated with production of minor phenolics in S. fallax. Our results highlight the close interaction between mycorrhizae such as those colonizing A. polifolia and the release of Sphagnum phenolic metabolites and suggest that Sphagnum-derived acids and minor phenolics play different roles in this interaction. This work provides new insight into the ecological role of Sphagnum phenolics by proposing a strong association with mycorrhizal colonization of shrubs.
Published: 2018
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32. Habitat filtering determines the functional niche occupancy of plant communities worldwide

Author: Andrew Siefert, Marie Vandewalle, Bill Shipley, Riin Tamme, Marco Antônio Batalha, Kouki Hikosaka, Tohru Nakashizuka, Sarah J. Richardson, Vinícius de L. Dantas, Chiho Kamiyama, Marko J. Spasojevic, Stéphanie Gaucherand, Daniel C. Laughlin, Antonio Gazol, Yoann Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Mark Westoby, Nicolas Gross, Cédric Frenette Dussault, Christian Schöb, Jake McC. Overton, Takehiro Sasaki, Honor C. Prentice, Frédérique Louault, Ning Chen, Yuanzhi Li, Jodi N. Price, Vincent Jung, Marcus Vinicius Cianciaruso, Brandon S. Schamp, Masatoshi Katabuchi, Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, Université de Sherbrooke, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China, School of Life Sciences [Chine], Département de Biologie, Sherbrooke University, School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, Australia, Charles Sturt University [Australia], Institute of Geography, Federal University of Uberlândia – UFU, Uberlândia, Brazil, Federal University of Uberlândia [Uberlândia] (UFU), Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, University of Tartu, Evolution and Ecology Research Centre [UNSW Sydney], School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Sydney] (BEES), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW)-University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Dpt Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie University, Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California-University of California, Department of Biology, Algoma University, Marie, OA, Canada, Algoma University [Canada], Department of Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA, University of California [Riverside] (UCR), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand, Department of Botany, University of South Bohemia, University of South Bohemia, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Zurich University, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, Lund University [Lund, Sweden], Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INRA-CEBC, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Landcare Research, Hamilton, New Zealand, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, Universidade Federal de Goiás [Goiânia] (UFG), UR 0874 Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial (UREP)-Ecologie des Forêts, Prairies et milieux Aquatiques (EFPA), Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, Tohoku University [Sendai], Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan, Chiba University [Japan], Department of Biology [Gainesville], University of Florida [Gainesville], Ecosystèmes montagnards (UR EMGR), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Lanzhou University, Department of Conservation Biology [UFZ Leipzig], Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Department of Botany, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil, Federal University of São Carlos [Bresil], Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, UOW1201, Royal Society of New Zealand, CZ.1.07/2.3.00/30.0006, European Social Fund, Czech State Budget, 563621/2010-9, CNPq/MCT/CAPES, 558187/2009-9, PELD/CNPq, 31270472, National Natural Science Foundation of China, PZ00P3_148261, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, 306843/2012-9, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, 2012102677001109, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás, 656035, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, 2010/01835-0, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Australian Research Council, China Scholarship Council, Département de biologie [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Faculté des sciences [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Algoma University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research [Lincoln], Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia (IPE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé [France] (USC 1339 INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Department of Biology [Gainesville] (UF|Biology), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), European Project: 656035,H2020,H2020-MSCA-IF-2014,DRYFUN(2015), Vesk, Peter, University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), University of California [Riverside] (UC Riverside), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologìa = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology [Zaragoza] (IPE - CSIC), Lund University [Lund], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universidade Federal de São Carlos [São Carlos] (UFSCar)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Occupancy, Niche, limiting similarity, Plant Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Intraspecific competition, Limiting similarity, species richness, Life Below Water, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Coexistence theory, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Ecology, Null model, intraspecific trait variability, habitat filtering, 15. Life on land, Biological Sciences, determinants of plant community diversity and structure, Habitat, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, community assembly, Species richness, Environmental Sciences, niche occupancy, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: [Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]SEDYVIN [ADD1_IRSTEA]Dynamique et fonctionnement des écosystèmes; International audience; How the patterns of niche occupancy vary from species-poor to species-rich communities is a fundamental question in ecology that has a central bearing on the processes that drive patterns of biodiversity. As species richness increases, habitat filtering should constrain the expansion of total niche volume, while limiting similarity should restrict the degree of niche overlap between species. Here, by explicitly incorporating intraspecific trait variability, we investigate the relationship between functional niche occupancy and species richness at the global scale. 2.We assembled 21 datasets worldwide, spanning tropical to temperate biomes and consisting of 313 plant communities representing different growth forms. We quantified three key niche occupancy components (the total functional volume, the functional overlap between species and the average functional volume per species) for each community, related each component to species richness, and compared each component to the null expectations. 3.As species richness increased, communities were more functionally diverse (an increase in total functional volume), and species overlapped more within the community (an increase in functional overlap) but did not more finely divide the functional space (no decline in average functional volume). Null model analyses provided evidence for habitat filtering (smaller total functional volume than expectation), but not for limiting similarity (larger functional overlap and larger average functional volume than expectation) as a process driving the pattern of functional niche occupancy. 4.Synthesis. Habitat filtering is a widespread process driving the pattern of functional niche occupancy across plant communities and coexisting species tend to be more functionally similar rather than more functionally specialized. Our results indicate that including intraspecific trait variability will contribute to a better understanding of the processes driving patterns of functional niche occupancy
Published: 2018
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33. 3LP: Three Layers of Protection for Individual Privacy in Facebook

Author: Zahidul Islam, Khondker Jahid Reza, Vladimir Estivill-Castro, Charles Sturt University [Australia], Departament de Tecnologies de la Informació i les Comunicacions [Barcelona] (ETIC / UPF), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Sabrina De Capitani di Vimercati, Fabio Martinelli, and TC 11
Subjects: Value (ethics), Information retrieval, Privacy software, business.industry, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, Privacy protection, Internet privacy, Inference, 02 engineering and technology, Friendship, Information sensitivity, 020204 information systems, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Privacy enhancing technologies, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Confidentiality, Privacy-enhancing technologies, Attribute inference, business, media_common
Abstract: Part 2: Security and Privacy in Social Applications and Cyber Attacks Defense; International audience; The possibility that an unauthorised agent is able to infer a user’s hidden information (an attribute’s value) is known as attribute inference risk. It is one of the privacy issues for Facebook users in recent times. An existing technique [1] provides privacy by suppressing users’ attribute values from their profiles. However, suppression of an attribute value sometimes is not enough to secure a user’s confidential information. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate that (after taking necessary steps on attribute values) a user’s sensitive information can still be inferred through his/her friendship information. We evaluated our approach experimentally on two datasets. We propose 3LP, a new three layers protection technique, to provide privacy protection to users of on-line social networks.
Published: 2017
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34. Multi-trophic traits & multi-scale filters

Author: Perović, David J., Gámez-Virués, Sagrario, Landis, Douglas A., Wäckers, Felix, Gurr, Geoff M., Wratten, Stephen D., You, Min-Sheng, Desneux, Nicolas, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian & Taiwan Crops and Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Department of Entomology, 204 Center for Integrated Plant Systems Lab, Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System-Michigan State University System, BioBest Sustainable Crop Management, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, School of Agriculture & Wine Science, Charles Sturt University, Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31230061 and No. 31320103922),Long-term Ecological Research Program (DEB 1027253), European Project: 633999, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech [Sophia Antipolis] (ISA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Charles Sturt University [Australia], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Conservation of Natural Resources, Food Chain, Agriculture, arthropods, functional ecology, fleur, service écosystémique, flower, traits, environmental ﬁlters, étude écologique, écologie fonctionnelle, gestion du paysage, Animals, arthropode, Pest Control, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ecosystem services, contrôle biologique, cascade trophique
Abstract: Ecological studies are increasingly moving towards trait-based approaches, as the evidence mounts that functions, as opposed to taxonomy, drive ecosystem service delivery. Among ecosystem services, biological control has been somewhat overlooked in functional ecological studies. This is surprising given that, over recent decades, much of biological control research has been focused on identifying the multiple characteristics (traits) of species that influence trophic interactions. These traits are especially well developed for interactions between arthropods and flowers - important for biological control, as floral resources can provide natural enemies with nutritional supplements, which can dramatically increase biological control efficiency. Traits that underpin the biological control potential of a community and that drive the response of arthropods to environmental filters, from local to landscape-level conditions, are also emerging from recent empirical studies. We present an overview of the traits that have been identified to (i) drive trophic interactions, especially between plants and biological control agents through determining access to floral resources and enhancing longevity and fecundity of natural enemies, (ii) affect the biological control services provided by arthropods, and (iii) limit the response of arthropods to environmental filters, ranging from local management practices to landscape-level simplification. We use this review as a platform to outline opportunities and guidelines for future trait-based studies focused on the enhancement of biological control services.
Published: 2017
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35. The C-terminal 18 Amino Acid Region of Dengue Virus NS5 Regulates its Subcellular Localization and Contains a Conserved Arginine Residue Essential for Infectious Virus Production

Author: Kitti Wing Ki Chan, Kate Smith, Julien Lescar, Yongqian Zhao, Ivan Ng, Dahai Luo, Subhash G. Vasudevan, David A. Jans, Eng Eong Ooi, Moon Y. F. Tay, Jade K. Forwood, Duke-NUS Medical School [Singapore], Charles Sturt University [Australia], National University of Singapore (NUS), Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Monash University [Clayton], HAL UPMC, Gestionnaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Rey, Félix A., School of Biological Sciences, and Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, RNA viruses, Cytoplasm, viruses, Nuclear Localization Signals, Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension, Dengue virus, Viral Nonstructural Proteins, medicine.disease_cause, Virus Replication, Biochemistry, Polymerase Chain Reaction, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Cricetinae, Biology (General), Crystallography, Physics, virus diseases, Condensed Matter Physics, 3. Good health, Cell biology, Subcellular Localization, Nucleic acids, Physical Sciences, Viruses, Crystal Structure, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Cellular Structures and Organelles, Research Article, QH301-705.5, Nucleic acid synthesis, 030106 microbiology, Immunology, Active Transport, Cell Nucleus, Mutation, Missense, Biology, Dengue Virus NS5, Microbiology, Cell Line, 03 medical and health sciences, Protein Domains, Virology, Genetics, medicine, Solid State Physics, Animals, Humans, Chemical synthesis, RNA synthesis, Molecular Biology Techniques, Gene, Molecular Biology, Cell Nucleus, Organisms, RNA, Biology and Life Sciences, Cell Biology, RC581-607, Dengue Virus, Subcellular localization, Molecular biology, Viral Replication, Research and analysis methods, Biosynthetic techniques, Viral replication, Amino Acid Substitution, Parasitology, C-terminal 18, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, Nuclear transport, Nuclear localization sequence, Cloning
Abstract: Dengue virus NS5 is the most highly conserved amongst the viral non-structural proteins and is responsible for capping, methylation and replication of the flavivirus RNA genome. Interactions of NS5 with host proteins also modulate host immune responses. Although replication occurs in the cytoplasm, an unusual characteristic of DENV2 NS5 is that it localizes to the nucleus during infection with no clear role in replication or pathogenesis. We examined NS5 of DENV1 and 2, which exhibit the most prominent difference in nuclear localization, employing a combination of functional and structural analyses. Extensive gene swapping between DENV1 and 2 NS5 identified that the C-terminal 18 residues (Cter18) alone was sufficient to direct the protein to the cytoplasm or nucleus, respectively. The low micromolar binding affinity between NS5 Cter18 and the nuclear import receptor importin-alpha (Impα), allowed their molecular complex to be purified, crystallised and visualized at 2.2 Å resolution using x-ray crystallography. Structure-guided mutational analysis of this region in GFP-NS5 clones of DENV1 or 2 and in a DENV2 infectious clone reveal residues important for NS5 subcellular localization. Notably, the trans conformation adopted by Pro-884 allows proper presentation for binding Impα and mutating this proline to Thr, as present in DENV1 NS5, results in mislocalizaion of NS5 to the cytoplasm without compromising virus fitness. In contrast, a single mutation to alanine at NS5 position R888, a residue conserved in all flaviviruses, resulted in a completely non-viable virus, and the R888K mutation led to a severely attenuated phentoype, even though NS5 was located in the nucleus. R888 forms a hydrogen bond with Y838 that is also conserved in all flaviviruses. Our data suggests an evolutionarily conserved function for NS5 Cter18, possibly in RNA interactions that are critical for replication, that is independent of its role in subcellular localization., Author Summary DENV NS5 is critical for virus RNA replication and an important drug target based on its high sequence conservation across serotypes, and the successful development of potent drugs that target the homologous NS5B of hepatitis C virus. NS5 also mediates other functions that are important for innate and adaptive immune responses by the infected host. Extensive gene swapping and functional analyses between NS5 of DENV serotypes 1 and 2, that are the two most disparate in terms of nuclear vs cytoplasmic localization of NS5 identified the last 18 amino acid residues of the ~900 amino-acid residues long protein to be responsible for subcellular localization. Because this region is very flexible and not easily seen in crystal structures of DENV NS5, co-crystals of the newly discovered peptide region with importin α were obtained. Structure-based mutations introduced into a DENV2 infectious clone showed that the proline to threonine at position 884 resulted in NS5 being mostly cytoplasmic without affecting virus replication. However mutation of arginine 888, which is conserved in all flaviviruses, to alanine resulted in a completely non-viable virus, suggesting that the C-terminal region is essential for NS5 function irrespective of its role in subcellular location.
Published: 2016
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36. Short term effects of various water immersions on recovery from exhaustive intermittent exercise

Author: Rob Duffield, Christophe Hausswirth, Pierre-Marie Leprêtre, Hervé Pournot, François Bieuzen, Christophe Cozzolino, Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance (INSEP), Charles Sturt University [Australia], and Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Periodicity, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Physiology, Physical Exertion, Rowing, [SHS.SPORT.PS]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sport/Sport physiology, Physical exercise, Isometric exercise, Leukocyte Count, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physiology (medical), Immersion, medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Muscle Strength, Exercise physiology, Exercise, biology, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Water, Skeletal muscle, Recovery of Function, 030229 sport sciences, General Medicine, Venous blood, Enzymes, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Athletes, Anesthesia, biology.protein, Creatine kinase, business, Anaerobic exercise, Blood Chemical Analysis, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; In order to investigate the effectiveness of different techniques of water immersion recovery on maximal strength, power and the post-exercise inflammatory response in elite athletes, 41 highly trained (Football, Rugby, Volleyball) male subjects (age = 21.5 ± 4.6 years, mass = 73.1 ± 9.7 kg and height = 176.7 ± 9.7 cm) performed 20 min of exhaustive, intermittent exercise followed by a 15 min recovery intervention. The recovery intervention consisted of different water immersion techniques, including: temperate water immersion (36°C; TWI), cold water immersion (10°C; CWI), contrast water temperature (10–42°C; CWT) and a passive recovery (PAS). Performances during a maximal 30-s rowing test (P30 s), a maximal vertical counter-movement jump (CMJ) and a maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MVC) of the knee extensor muscles were measured at rest (Pre-exercise), immediately after the exercise (Post-exercise), 1 h after (Post 1 h) and 24 h later (Post 24 h). Leukocyte profile and venous blood markers of muscle damage (creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)) were also measured Pre-exercise, Post 1 h and Post 24 h. A significant time effect was observed to indicate a reduction in performance (Pre-exercise vs. Post-exercise) following the exercise bout in all conditions (P < 0.05). Indeed, at 1 h post exercise, a significant improvement in MVC and P30 s was respectively observed in the CWI and CWT groups compared to pre-exercise. Further, for the CWI group, this result was associated with a comparative blunting of the rise in total number of leucocytes at 1 h post and of plasma concentration of CK at 24 h post. The results indicate that the practice of cold water immersion and contrast water therapy are more effective immersion modalities to promote a faster acute recovery of maximal anaerobic performances (MVC and 30″ all-out respectively) after an intermittent exhaustive exercise. These results may be explained by the suppression of plasma concentrations of markers of inflammation and damage, suggesting reduced passive leakage from disrupted skeletal muscle, which may result in the increase in force production during ensuing bouts of exercise.
Published: 2010
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37. Theoretical approach to chlordecone biodegradation

Author: MACARIE, Hervé, NOVAK, Igor, SASTRE-CONDE, Isabel, LABROUSSE, Yoan, Archelas, Alain, DOLFING, Jan, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237, Charles Sturt University [Australia], SEMILLA-INAGEA, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille (ISM2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), University of Newcastle upon Tyne, ABACHLOR project financed by the DEMICHLORD program implemented by INRA with funds of the chlordecone national Action Plan set up by the French Government / IRD Incentive project / European Union (FEDER Martinique, 2007-2013), Magalie Lesueur Jannoyer, Philippe Cattan, Thierry Woignier, and Florence Clostre
Subjects: MESH: chlordecone, kepone, merex, French West Indies, Microbial degradation, Gibbs free energy, chlordecol, bishomocubane, hydrochlordecone, natural attenuation, soil, chlordecone, chlordécone, ANTILLES FRANCAISES, French West Indies, remediation, remédiation, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology
Abstract: International audience; Chlordecone (CLD) is an organochlorine insecticide that was used from 1972 to 1993 in the French West Indies (FWI) to control the populations of black weevil in banana plantations. This pesticide, with recognized neurotoxic, endrocrine, reproductive and carcinogenic effects, is nowadays responsible of an unprecedented sanitary, economic and social crisis in FWI. Thanks to the management options taken in the past years by the authorities to avoid the population dietary exposure the crisis is fortunately essentially contained. A final solution to the problem would consist however to eliminate the source of CLD responsible for the diffuse pollution of all the FWI environmental compartments and related food resources and so to destroy the stock of CLD still presents in the soils. One of the cheapest and most environmental friendly destruction methods corresponds to microbial degradation. Such a mode of destruction seems to be particularly appropriate in the case of FWI since it can often be implemented in situ, using techniques (e.g., watering; addition of nutrients, labile organic matter, microorganisms) that are fairly easy to incorporate into existing agricultural practices. The latter is important as the pollution is estimated to cover some 19,000 ha of arable lands. Until now however there is no evidence of natural attenuation in the environments impacted by chlordecone and so of the possibility to stimulate the rate of the process. The reason usually advocated to explain this apparent absence of degradation in the environment is the peculiar chemical structure of CLD (bishomocubane “cage” structure with a high steric hindrance caused by the 10 chlorine atoms bound to the cage), coupled to its low aqueous solubility (3 mg/l at 20°C) and high hydrophobicity (Log Kow 20°C, pH 7 = 4.5) that would make it refractory to degradation. In this chapter through a thermodynamic approach, we demonstrate that there is no energetic reason why the structure of CLD should not be amenable to microbial degradation and we propose some possible reasons for the apparent absence of CLD degradation in FWI and what could be done to reverse the situation.; La chlordécone (CLD) est un insecticide organochloré utilisé de 1972 à 1993 dans les Antilles françaises pour lutter contre les populations de charançon noir dans les bananeraies. Ce pesticide, aux effets neurotoxiques, endocriniens, reproductifs et cancérigènes reconnus, est actuellement responsable d’une crise sanitaire, économique et sociale sans précédent en Guadeloupe et en Martinique. Grâce aux options de gestion prises ces dernières années par les autorités pour éviter l'exposition alimentaire de la population, la crise est heureusement essentiellement contenue. Une solution définitive au problème consisterait à éliminer la source de CLD responsable de la pollution diffuse de tous les compartiments environnementaux des Antilles et des ressources alimentaires associées et donc à détruire le stock de CLD encore présent dans les sols. L'une des méthodes de destruction les moins chères et les plus respectueuses de l'environnement correspond à la dégradation microbienne. Un tel mode de destruction semble être particulièrement approprié au cas des Antilles, car il peut souvent être mis en œuvre in situ, en utilisant des techniques (par exemple, arrosage; ajout d'éléments nutritifs, matière organique labile, microorganismes) qui sont assez faciles à intégrer aux pratiques agricoles existantes. Ce dernier point est important car on estime que la pollution couvre environ 19 000 ha de terres arables. Jusqu'à présent cependant, il n'y avait aucune preuve d'atténuation naturelle dans les environnements affectés par la chlordécone et donc de la possibilité de stimuler le rythme du processus. La raison généralement invoquée pour expliquer cette apparente absence de dégradation dans l’environnement est la structure chimique particulière de la CLD (structure en forme de «cage» bishomocubane avec un fort encombrement stérique causé par les 10 atomes de chlore liés à la cage), couplée à sa faible solubilité dans l’eau (3 mg / l à 20 ° C) et une hydrophobie élevée (Log Kow 20 ° C, pH 7 = 4,5) qui la rendraient réfractaire à la dégradation. Dans ce chapitre, au moyen d'une approche thermodynamique, nous démontrons qu’aucune raison énergétique ne justifie que la structure de la CLD ne soit pas accessible à une dégradation microbienne et nous proposons des raisons possibles à l’absence apparente de dégradation de la CLD aux Antilles et ce qui pourrait être fait pour inverser la situation.
Published: 2016

38. Habitat fragmentation and its lasting impact on Earth’s ecosystems

Author: Chris Margules, Brett A. Melbourne, Joseph O. Sexton, William M. Cook, Mike P. Austin, Robert D. Holt, John L. Orrock, William F. Laurance, Andrew Gonzalez, John R. Townshend, Cathy D. Collins, Jean Clobert, Nick M. Haddad, Thomas E. Lovejoy, Clinton N. Jenkins, Dan-Xia Song, Douglas J. Levey, A. O. Nicholls, Lars A. Brudvig, Andrew J. King, Ellen I. Damschen, Bryan L. Foster, Kendi F. Davies, Robert M. Ewers, North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Station d’Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS à Moulis (SEEM), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Colorado [Boulder], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), George Mason University [Fairfax], University of Maryland [Baltimore], CSIRO - Land & Water National Research Flagship, Colby College, St. Cloud State University, Minnesota State Colleges and Universities system, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Imperial College London, University of Kansas [Kansas City], Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas, James Cook University (JCU), National Science Foundation [Arlington] (NSF), University of Indonesia, and Charles Sturt University [Australia]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Biodiversity, landscape connectivity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, forest, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Ecosystem, Intact forest landscape, Applied Ecology, Research Articles, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, biodiversity, Biomass (ecology), Multidisciplinary, Habitat fragmentation, Ecology, Fragmentation (computing), SciAdv r-articles, 15. Life on land, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, habitat fragmentation, ecosystems, Landscape connectivity, Research Article
Abstract: Urgent need for conservation and restoration measures to improve landscape connectivity., We conducted an analysis of global forest cover to reveal that 70% of remaining forest is within 1 km of the forest’s edge, subject to the degrading effects of fragmentation. A synthesis of fragmentation experiments spanning multiple biomes and scales, five continents, and 35 years demonstrates that habitat fragmentation reduces biodiversity by 13 to 75% and impairs key ecosystem functions by decreasing biomass and altering nutrient cycles. Effects are greatest in the smallest and most isolated fragments, and they magnify with the passage of time. These findings indicate an urgent need for conservation and restoration measures to improve landscape connectivity, which will reduce extinction rates and help maintain ecosystem services.
Published: 2015
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39. Injury prevention strategies at the FIFA 2014 World Cup: perceptions and practices of the physicians from the 32 participating national teams

Author: Ian Beasley, Alan McCall, Gregory Dupont, Michael Davison, Christopher Carling, Thor Einar Andersen, Mario Bizzini, Jiri Dvorak, Rob Duffield, Edinburgh Napier University, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société (URePSSS) - ULR 7369 - ULR 4488 (URePSSS), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Lille-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Charles Sturt University [Australia], University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, Univ. Artois, Université de Lille, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société (URePSSS) - ULR 7369 - ULR 4488 [URePSSS], University of Central Lancashire [Preston] [UCLAN], and Université d'Artois (UA)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille
Subjects: Male, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Sports medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Testing, Poison control, Football, Sports Medicine, Suicide prevention, Mesh:Clinical Competence/standards, Occupational safety and health, Mesh:Athletic Injuries/prevention & control, Mesh:Risk Factors, Risk Factors, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Mesh:Practice Patterns, Human factors and ergonomics, General Medicine, Exercise Therapy, Athletic Injuries, Original Article, Health education, Clinical Competence, Attitude to Health, Mesh:Exercise Therapy/methods, medicine.medical_specialty, Mesh:Health Knowledge, Mesh:Physicians'', Mesh:Male, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Mesh:Soccer/injuries, Mesh:Attitudes, Nursing, Injury prevention, Soccer, medicine, Humans, Mesh:Practice, Mesh:Sports Medicine, business.industry, Mesh:Humans, Physical therapy, Risk factor, business, Mesh:Attitude to Health, Sport Sciences
Abstract: © 2015, BMJ Publishing Group. All rights resereved. Purpose: The available scientific research regarding injury prevention practices in international football is sparse. The purpose of this study was to quantify current practice with regard to (1) injury prevention of top-level footballers competing in an international tournament, and (2) determine the main challenges and issues faced by practitioners in these national teams. Methods: A survey was administered to physicians of the 32 competing national teams at the FIFA 2014 World Cup. The survey included 4 sections regarding perceptions and practices concerning non-contact injuries: (1) risk factors, (2) screening tests and monitoring tools, (3) preventative strategies and (4) reflection on their experience at the World Cup. Results: Following responses from all teams (100%), the present study revealed the most important intrinsic ( previous injury, accumulated fatigue, agonist:antagonist muscle imbalance) and extrinsic (reduced recovery time, training load prior to and during World Cup, congested fixtures) risk factors during the FIFA 2014 World Cup. The 5 most commonly used tests for risk factors were: flexibility, fitness, joint mobility, balance and strength; monitoring tools commonly used were: medical screen, minutes/matches played, subjective and objective wellness, heart rate and biochemical markers. The 5 most important preventative exercises were: flexibility, core, combined contractions, balance and eccentric. Conclusions: The present study showed that many of the National football (soccer) teams' injury prevention perceptions and practices follow a coherent approach. There remains, however, a lack of consistent research findings to support some of these perceptions and practices.
Published: 2015
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40. HTTP Rate Adaptive Algorithm with High Bandwidth Utilization

Author: Abdelhamid Mellouk, Brice Augustin, M. Sajid Mushtaq, IC Water, Charles Sturt University [Australia], CIR, Laboratoire Images, Signaux et Systèmes Intelligents (LISSI), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Laboratoire Images, Signaux et Systèmes Intelligents ( LISSI ), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ), and Amirat, Yacine
Subjects: Hypertext Transfer Protocol, computer.internet_protocol, Computer science, [ INFO.INFO-NI ] Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], [SCCO.COMP]Cognitive science/Computer science, QoS, 02 engineering and technology, Video quality, Adaptive Streaming, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], 020204 information systems, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Bandwidth (computing), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [INFO.INFO-NI] Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], business.industry, Wireless network, Quality of service, Rate-Adaptation Algorithm, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Video, Internet traffic, Multimedia, Real Time Streaming Protocol, The Internet, QoE, business, computer, Computer network
Abstract: International audience; Video streaming over Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is highly dominant due to the availability of Internet support on many devices. The multimedia applications that generate IP traffic should be conducive with efficient utilization of network resources. Adaptive video streaming over HTTP becomes attractive for content service providers, as it not only uses the existing infrastructure of Web downloading (thus saving an extra cost), but it also provides the ability to change the video quality (bitrate) according to dynamic network conditions for increasing the user's perceived Quality of Experience (QoE). Video streaming over HTTP is easier and cheaper to move data closer to network users, and the video file is just like a normal Web object. In this paper, we have proposed a novel rate adaptive streaming algorithm that enhances the user's perceived quality with high bandwidth utilization for on-demand video. The proposed algorithm considers the following metrics in order to adapt the video quality, which are; player buffer, dropped of excess video frames per second (fps), and availability of network bandwidth. The algorithm is evaluated in dynamic real time Internet environment by using the wired and wireless network at the client side.
Published: 2014
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41. Doing Ethnography From Within a Constructivist Paradigm to Explore Virtual Communities in Saudi Arabia

Author: Yeslam Al-Saggaf, Kirsty Williamson, Charles Sturt University & Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics, Australia, Monash University & Charles Sturt University, Australia, Yeslam Al-Saggaf, (dr) jest wykładowcą w School of Information Studies, koordynatorem kursu GradDipInfoTech/MInfoTech/MInfoSys na Uniwersytecie Charlesa Sturta w Australii i badaczem w Centrum Filozofii Stosowanej i Etyki Publicznej. Uzyskał stopień licencjata i inżyniera (inżynieria komputerowa) wMalezji, magisterium w zakresie technologii informacyjnej i stopień doktora na Uniwersytecie Charlesa Sturta w Australii. Jego zainteresowania badawcze koncentrują się wokół społeczności online (zarówno tych o charakterze społecznym, jak i politycznym) i politycznej publicznej sferze online w świecie arabskim. Publikował swoje prace w międzynarodowych czasopismach i prezentował na wielu międzynarodowych konferencjach., Kirsty Williamson(dr) jest dyrektorem grupy badawczej Information and Telecommunications Needs Research (ITNR), wspólnej inicjatywy Uniwersytetów Monash i Charlesa Sturta. Od wczesnych lat dziewięćdziesiątych, realizowała wiele projektów badawczych finansowanych przez różne organizacje, w tym Telstra Fund for Social and Policy Research, Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts (DCITA), oraz Australian Research Council. Jej zainteresowania badawcze są szerokie, wiele z nich jest związanych z użytkowaniem Internetu, jak w prezentowanym artykule. Kirsty uczy także metod badawczych na Uniwersytecie Charlesa Sturta i sprawuje opiekę nad studentami studiów doktoranckich., kirsty.williamson@infotech.monash.edu.au, and Kubczak, Anna
Subjects: constructivist ethnography, etnografia, kobiety saudyjskie, constructivist paradigm, konstruktywistyczna etnografia, obserwacja niejawna, Saudi Arabia, virtual communities, paradygmat konstruktywistyczny, ethnography, społeczności wirtualne, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, NVivo, Saudi women, unobtrusive observation, Arabia Saudyjska, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Abstract: Większość badań w ramach współczesnej literatury skupia się na użytej przez badacza metodzie, ale nie na filozofii, która za nią stoi. W artykule tym opisujemy badanie etnograficzne, prowadzone w duchu paradygmatu konstruktywistycznego, którego celem było eksplorowanie zjawiska uczestnictwa w wirtualnych społecznościach w Arabii Saudyjskiej. Przedstawiamy, jak zostały wykorzystane określone techniki etnografii – obserwacja niejawna i uczestnictwo. Dowodzimy, że ten sposób prowadzenia etnografii pozwolił na umiejscowienie rezultatów badania w ramach społecznego i kulturowego kontekstu społeczeństwa saudyjskiego. W artykule, zilustrowanym wstępnymi wynikami, konkludujemy, że roczna obserwacja ukryta i ośmiomiesięczne uczestniczenie w dwóch różnych, lecz podobnych wirtualnych społecznościach dostarczyły wniosków, które można uznać za głębokie, znaczące i bogate w opisie. Most of the studies in the recent literature focus on the method used but not the philosophy behind it. This article focuses on doing ethnography, from within a constructivist paradigm, to explore individuals’ participation in virtual communities in Saudi Arabia. An aim of this article is to highlight how particular ethnographic techniques, viz unobtrusive observation and participation, were used in that study. The article argues that doing ethnography in this way allowed for placing the results within the social and cultural context of Saudi society. The article, which includes a sample of the findings from the two techniques involved for illustration, concludes that the one-year unobtrusive observation and the eight months’ participation in two different but similar virtual communities, during the period 2001-2002, have produced findings that are deep, meaningful and rich in description
Published: 2014

42. Mycotoxicoses chez les vaches laitières : mesures pratiques de maîtrise et prévention

Author: Alvès De Oliveira, Laurent, Noordhuizen, Jos, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Charles Sturt University, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), and Charles Sturt University [Australia]
Subjects: body regions, mycotoxines, endocrine system, animal structures, vaches laitières, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], technology, industry, and agriculture, food and beverages, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: National audience; Contamination of feed for dairy cows with mycotoxins is very common. The objective of this paper is to present the main mycotoxins found in these feeds. The effects of mycotoxins in cattle are recalled. The diagnosis of mycotoxicosis is mainly based on the determination of mycotoxins in the feed supplied. Treatment measures are essentially removal of contaminated feeds and use of products for detoxification of the mycotoxins. Preventive measures mainly concern the methods of management of plants used to feed animals and storage practices and in particular the production and use of silage.
Published: 2013

43. Gibbs Free Energy of Formation of Chlordecone and Potential Degradation Products: Implications for Remediation Strategies and Environmental Fate

Author: Hervé Macarie, Jan Dolfing, Igor Novak, Alain Archelas, Newcastle University [Newcastle], Charles Sturt University [Australia], Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille (ISM2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237, Part of this work was supported by INRA (DEMICHLORD call for projects in the frame of the French Chlordecone National Action Plan) and by the European Union (FEDER Martinique 2007-2013), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)
Subjects: Environmental remediation, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, Bioremediation, French West Indies, Environmental Chemistry, Pesticides, Environmental Restoration and Remediation, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pollutant, 0303 health sciences, Persistent organic pollutant, General Chemistry, Pesticide, Soil contamination, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Gibbs free energy, Kepone, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Chlordecone, Environmental chemistry, Fermentation, symbols, Dechlorination, Biodegradation, Quantum Theory
Abstract: International audience; Chlordecone (C10Cl10O; CAS number 143-50-0) has been used extensively as an organochlorine insecticide, but is nowadays banned under The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). A search for chlordecone respiring organisms and choosing between reductive versus oxidative remediation tools and strategies to clean up chlordecone polluted environments would benefit from the availability of Gibbs free energy data of chlordecone and its potential dechlorination products. Presently such data are not available. Polycyclic "cage" molecules of which chlordecone is an example contain considerable strain energy. It is not a priory clear how this affects thermodynamic properties of the chlorinated members of this unique class of compounds, and to what extent redox potentials for the halogenated congeners are different from those of other aliphatic and aromatic organohalogens. We have performed ab initio quantum chemical calculations to estimate ΔfHmo and ΔfGmo values of chlordecone and selected dechlorination products, and used these data to calculate their Gibbs free energy and redox potential. With redox potentials in the range of 336 to 413 mV chlordecone has an Eo' value similar to that of other organochlorines. The results indicate that there are no thermodynamic reasons why chlordecone respiring or fermenting organisms should not exist.
Published: 2012
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44. Postexercise cooling interventions and the effects on exercise-induced heat stress in a temperate environment

Author: Jeanick Brisswalter, Olivier Castagna, Julien Louis, Rob Duffield, Christophe Hausswirth, Hervé Pournot, François Bieuzen, French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Research Department, Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA7370) (SEP (EA7370)), Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance (INSEP), Charles Sturt University [Australia], Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé (LAMHESS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), and Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA)
Subjects: Male, Time Factors, Temperate environment, Physiology, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hydrostatic pressure, [SHS.SPORT.PS]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sport/Sport physiology, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Cyclisme, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Heart Rate, Recovery, Immersion, Nutrition and Dietetics, Cross-Over Studies, Cycling, General Medicine, Thermoregulation, Cold Temperature, Pression hydrostatique, Récupération, Body Temperature Regulation, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Bicarbonate, Athletic Performance, Froid, Heat Stress Disorders, Clothing, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Animal science, Oxygen Consumption, Physiology (medical), Heart rate, medicine, Humans, Lactic Acid, Exercise, Sodium, 030229 sport sciences, Subsequent exercise, Crossover study, Bicycling, chemistry, Athletes, Physical therapy, Pulmonary Ventilation, Respiratory minute volume, Sport Sciences, Thermorégulation, Cold
Abstract: International audience; The aim of this study was to examine the effects of cool water immersion (20°C; CWI), wearing a cooling jacket (‘Cryovest’;V) and a passive control (PAS) as recovery methods on physiological and thermoregulatory responses between two exercise bouts in temperate conditions. Nine well-trained male cyclists performed two successive bouts of 45min of endurance cycling exercise in a temperate environment (20°C) separated by 25min of the respective recovery interventions. Capillary blood samples were obtained to measure lactate (La-), Sodium(Na⁺), Bicarbonate (HCO₃ˉ) concentrations and pH, whilst body mass loss (BML), core temperature (Tcore), skin temperature (Tskin), heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake ( VO2 ) and minute ventilation ( VE ), were measured before (Pre), immediately after the first exercise bout (Ex1), the recovery (R) and after the second exercise bout (Ex2). V and CWI both resulted in a reduction of Tskin at R (-2.1±0.01°C and -11.6±0.01°C, respectively, P0.05), V attenuated the rise in HR, VE and VO2 from Ex1 to Ex2, while Tcore, and Tskin were significantly lower following the second session (P
Published: 2012
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45. La chlordécone est elle biodégradable et biodisponible? Quelques considérations issues de la littérature et résultats expérimentaux préliminaires

Author: Macarie, Herve, Devault, Damien, Sastre, Isabel, Rangon, Luc, Soler, Alain, LABROUSSE, Yoan, Charpy-Roubaud, Claude, Roussos , Sevastianos, Guiral, Daniel, Dolfing, Jan, NOVAK, Igor, Archelas, Alain, Woignier, Thierry, Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie (IMEP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), IRFAP, Fonctionnement écologique et gestion durable des agrosystèmes bananiers et ananas (UR GECO), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, Charles Sturt University [Australia], Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille (ISM2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1, and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)
Subjects: French west indies, chlordécone, Chlordecone, Methanogenic reactor, Thermodynamics, thermodynamique, méthaniseur, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Antilles
Abstract: ISBN 978-2-9530816-5-7; National audience; Chlordecone is an organochlorine insecticide of the bishomocubane family, which is responsible for neurological and reproductive disorders in Humans. Its manufacture and use were banned in the USA in 1976, but it continued to be used in the West Indies to fight against the banana weevil until 1993. At the time of writing, that is to say 17 years after the ban on its use in the West Indies, the molecule is still persistent in soils where it was spread causing diffuse contamination of other environmental compartments (surface water, groundwater, coastal areas) and associated food resources (crops, farm animals, fish, crustaceans, etc.) with health consequences for Humans which just start to be percieved. Today, the health and economic crises associated with chlordecone are globally managed. A definitive solution to the problem, however, would be to eliminate the source, that is, to destroy the chlordecone still present in the soil. One of the cheapest and most environmentally friendly destruction routes is microbial degradation. Until now, due to its chemical characteristics (cage structure, high steric hindrance, low solubility and high hydrophobicity), chlordecone is however considered non-biodegradable by the French scientific community. In this work we will focus on (i) showing that several indices available in the old literature generated following the environmental crisis of 1976 in the USA suggest that chlordecone could be much more susceptible to a microbial attack than it seems. and (ii) to report the preliminary results of an ongoing theoretical thermodynamic study and analysis of chlordecone at the inlet and outlet of methanogenic reactors processing rum distillery vinasses which reinforce this idea. The article will also seek to suggest avenues for explaining the apparent lack of degradation of chlordecone in West Indian soils and will examine the fate of this molecule when soil particles come into contact with the aquatic environment.; La chlordécone est un insecticide organochloré de la famille des bishomocubanes, responsable de troubles neurologiques et de la reproduction chez l’homme, dont la fabrication et l’utilisation ont été interdites aux USA en 1976, mais qui a continué à être employée dans les Antilles françaises pour lutter contre le charançon du bananier jusqu’en 1993. Au moment de la rédaction de cet article, c’est-à-dire 17 ans après l’interdiction de son utilisation dans les Antilles la molécule est toujours rémanente dans les sols où elle a été épandue entrainant une contamination diffuse des autres compartiments environnementaux (eaux de surface, souterraines, zones côtières) et des ressources alimentaires associées (cultures, animaux d'élevage, poissons, crustacées...) avec des conséquences sanitaires pour l'homme qui commencent seulement à être entrevues. Aujourd’hui, les crises sanitaires et économiques liées à la chlordécone sont globalement gérées. Une solution définitive au problème consisterait toutefois à en éliminer la source, c’est à dire à détruire la chlordécone encore présente dans les sols. L’une des voies de destruction parmi les moins couteuses et les plus respectueuses de l’environnement correspond à la dégradation microbienne. Jusqu’à présent, dues à ses caractéristiques chimiques (structure en cage, fort encombrement stérique, faible solubilité et forte hydrophobicité), la chlordécone est toutefois considérée comme non biodégradable par la communauté scientifique nationale. Dans ce travail nous allons nous attacher (i) à montrer que plusieurs indices disponibles dans la littérature ancienne générée suite à la crise environnementale de 1976 aux USA suggèrent que la chlordécone pourrait être beaucoup plus susceptible à une attaque microbienne qu’elle n’y paraît et (ii) à rapporter les résultats préliminaires d’une étude thermodynamique théorique en cours et d’analyses de chlordécone à l’entrée et à la sortie de méthaniseurs traitant des vinasses de distillerie de rhum qui renforcent cette idée. L’article cherchera également à proposer des pistes pour expliquer l’absence apparente de dégradation de la chlordécone dans les sols antillais et s’intéressera au devenir de cette molécule lorsque les particules de sol entrent en contact avec le milieu aquatique.
Published: 2011

46. Identification of significant factors by an extension of ANOVA-PCA based on multi-block analysis

Author: Leigh Schmidtke, D. Jouan-Rimbaud Bouveresse, Douglas N. Rutledge, R. Climaco Pinto, Nathalie Locquet, Ingénierie Procédés Aliments (GENIAL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-AgroParisTech-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), KBC, Umeå University, Sch Agr & Wine Sci, Natl Wine & Grape Ind Ctr, and Charles Sturt University [Australia]
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, ANOVA-PCA, Computer science, ComDim, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Analytical Chemistry, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, F-test, Component (UML), TOOL, Spectroscopy, Common Component and Specific Weights Analysis, Block (data storage), FLUORESCENCE DETECTION, Process Chemistry and Technology, 010401 analytical chemistry, ASCA, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Multi-block analysis, 040401 food science, 0104 chemical sciences, Computer Science Applications, Data set, GRAPES, Identification (information), Principal component analysis, Table (database), PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS, Data mining, Noise (video), computer, Software
Abstract: A modification of the ANOVA-PCA method, proposed by Harrington et al. to identify significant factors and interactions in an experimental design, is presented in this article. The modified method uses the idea of multiple table analysis, and looks for the common dimensions underlying the different data tables, or data blocks, generated by the "ANOVA-step" of the ANOVA-PCA method, in order to identify the significant factors. In this paper, the "Common Component and Specific Weights Analysis" method is used to analyse the calculated multi-block data set. This new method, called AComDim, was compared to the standard ANOVA-PCA method, by analysing four real data sets. Parameters computed during the AComDim procedure enable the computation of F-values to check whether the variability of each original data block is significantly greater than that of the noise. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2011
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47. Two-hundred year changes in plant-species composition: A case study of Madras city in the coromandel coast, peninsular India

Author: Anantanarayanan, Raman, Prasad, S, Charles Sturt University [Australia], E H Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Institut Français de Pondichéry (IFP), Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Govindaraj, Saravanan
Subjects: Vegetation, [SDV.BID.SPT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Rottler, Willdenow, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Eighteenth century, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Disappearance and Survival of Plant taxa, Tranquebar Mission, 200 Year History, Madras
Abstract: International audience; Peter Johann Rottler [1749-1836] came from Strasbourg (Alsace) and joined the Tranquebar Mission in the Coromandel (Çozhamandalam) in peninsular India in 1776. During his stay here, he pursued the plants of this region driven by his passion to know medicinal plants. On a road trip from Tranquebar northwards to Madras and back, Rottler collected plants, and this plant-collection activity has been scientifically documented in a paper entitled Botanische Bemerkungen auf der Hin-und Rückreise von Trankenbar nach Madras vom Herrn Missionair Rottler zu Trankenbar mit anmerkungen von Professor C.L. Willdenow published in the Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin [Neue Schriften] in 1803. Using the information available in this article, we have compared Madras-city vegetation with data extracted from two Madras-flora volumes published in 1929 and 1994, thus highlighting the plants of Madras in the eighteenth century. We the authors of the present article bring to light the changes that have occurred in the last 200 years in terms of loss of species, by verifying changes to plant-species composition in Madras city and its immediate neighbourhood, and relate the reasons for these changes. Between 1803 and 1929, maximum species loss had occurred. Of the 81 species (80 to be precise, because of species synonymy in recent times) species recorded in 1803, only 33 exist in the 1929 record, indicating loss of 47 taxa. Between 1929 and 1994, besides the 33 reported in 1929, ten 'new' additional taxa were recorded. As of today, the loss of economically important plants such as Mimosa chundra (Mimosaceae) and Costus speciosus (Zingiberaceae) appears irreversible and is discomforting, whereas the continued existence of the 'sensitive' taxon Habenaria viridiflora (Orchidaceae) is comforting.
Published: 2010

48. Playing serious games in journalism classes

Author: Cameron, David, Zeiliger, Jerome, School of Communication, and Charles Sturt University [Australia]
Subjects: video games in education, serious games, game enhanced learning, [INFO.EIAH] Computer Science [cs]/Technology for Human Learning, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, [SHS.EDU] Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, [INFO.EIAH]Computer Science [cs]/Technology for Human Learning, computer games
Abstract: Available online.; One of the defining features of journalism education in a university setting is the requirement that students demonstrate their understanding of core skills by producing professional work. Writing skills are assessed by news reporting tasks, research skills are tested by research exercises, interviewing ability is demonstrated by conducting an interview, and so on. Sometimes this skills assessment is managed in the form of regular student publications or broadcasts. At other times it is structured as class writing exercises. In some cases mock news conferences or simulated news events are used. Regardless of the form it takes, teaching effective journalism practice in a university context necessarily involves simulating the workplace to some degree. (http://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1107&context=apme)
Published: 2001

49. A system for web widget discovery using semantic distance between user intent and social tags

Author: Xiaodi Huang, Zhenzhen Zhao, Noel Crespi, Département Réseaux et Services Multimédia Mobiles (RS2M), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom SudParis (TSP), Services répartis, Architectures, MOdélisation, Validation, Administration des Réseaux (SAMOVAR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Computing and Mathematics [Albury], and Charles Sturt University [Australia]
Subjects: User information, Service (systems architecture), Information retrieval, Service discovery, Knowledge representation and reasoning, Computer science, Content discovery, [INFO.INFO-WB]Computer Science [cs]/Web, Collective intelligence, 02 engineering and technology, Web widget, Widget, World Wide Web, Algorithm, Semantic similarity, 020204 information systems, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Folksonomy, Social tagging
Abstract: International audience; Social interaction leverages collective intelligence through user-generated content, social networking, and social annotation. Users are enabled to enrich knowledge representation by rating, commenting, and tagging. The existing systems for service discovery make use of semantic relation among social tags, but ignore the relation between a user information need for services and tags. This paper first provides an overview of how social tagging is applied to discover contents/services. An enhanced web widget discovery model that aims to discover services mostly relevant to users is then proposed. The model includes an algorithm that quantifies the accurate relation between user intent for a service and the tags of a widget, as well as three different widget discovery schemes. Using the online service of Widgetbox.com, we experimentally demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of our system.
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50. A triplex-layer based P2P service exposure model in convergent environment

Author: Cuiting Huang, Xiao Han, Xiaodi Huang, Noel Crespi, Département Réseaux et Services Multimédia Mobiles (RS2M), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom SudParis (TSP), Services répartis, Architectures, MOdélisation, Validation, Administration des Réseaux (SAMOVAR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Computing and Mathematics [Albury], Charles Sturt University [Australia], and Télécom SudParis & Institut Mines-Télécom Business School, Médiathèque
Subjects: P2P, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Service discovery, [INFO.INFO-NI] Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Service composition, Service exposure, Service publication, Convergence
Abstract: International audience; Service exposure, including service publication and discovery, plays an important role in next generation service delivery. Various solutions to service exposure have been proposed in the last decade, by both academia and industry. Most of these solutions are targeting specific developer groups, and generally use centralized solutions, such as UDDI. However, the reality is that the number of services is increasing drastically with their diverse users. How to facilitate service discovery and publication processes, improve service discovery, selection efficiency and quality, and enhance system scalability and interoperability are some challenges faced by the centralized solutions. In this paper, we propose an alternative model of scalable P2P-based service publication and discovery. This model enables converged service information sharing among disparate service platforms and entities, while respecting their intrinsic heterogeneities. Moreover, the efficiency and quality of service discovery are improved by introducing a triplex-layer based architecture for the organizations of nodes and resources, as well as for the message routing. The performance of the model and architecture is evident by theoretical analysis and simulation results.

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