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In this work we introduce an open source suite of quantum application-oriented performance benchmarks that is designed to measure the effectiveness of quantum computing hardware at executing quantum applications. These benchmarks probe a quantum computer's performance on various algorithms and small applications as the problem size is varied, by mapping out the fidelity of the results as a function of circuit width and depth using the framework of volumetric benchmarking. In addition to estimating the fidelity of results generated by quantum execution, the suite is designed to benchmark certain aspects of the execution pipeline in order to provide end-users with a practical measure of both the quality of and the time to solution. Our methodology is constructed to anticipate advances in quantum computing hardware that are likely to emerge in the next five years. This benchmarking suite is designed to be readily accessible to a broad audience of users and provides benchmarks that correspond to many well-known quantum computing algorithms., Comment: 33 pages, 36 figures; Added to Section VI about Impact of Compiler Optimization Techniques; Updated 20230105 for clarity after review feedback

This study examined the extent to which self-reports of uniqueness moderate self-peer agreement on personality trait ratings. A high level of uniqueness implies that the individual differs from the rest of the population on a particular trait. The results showed that ratings of uniqueness were (a) independent of three previously identified trait-specific moderator variables consistency, relevance, and observability—and (b) associated with higher levels of self peer agreement. In addition, self-peer agreement was higher for traits that subjects viewed as relevant and observable, replicating previous work in the area.

A multiple baseline design across two supermarkets examined the effectiveness of prompts on the use of safety belts in shopping carts. At baseline, safety belt use was low at Store 1 (9 days; M = 14.7%) and at Store 2 (13 days; M = 9.9%). However, belt use increased when fliers, posters, a taped message, and buttons were incorporated as a program requesting adult patrons to "BuckleUp Your Baby" at Store 1 (11 days; M = 32.3%) and then at Store 2 (7 days; M = 27.3%). Percent increase of belt use over baseline occurred for male children accompanied by male adults (baseline M = 6.6%; prompt M = 22.7%) and female adults (baseline M = 8.5%; prompt M = 20%). Similar increases in belt use over baseline cccurred for female children accompanied by either male adults (baseline M = 11.4%; prompt M = 21.4%) or female adults (baseline M = 15.5%; prompt M = 21.8%). A social validity questionnaire completed after the study (n = 40 per store) indicated that patrons were in favor of safety belts on carts, found few obstacles preventing belt use, and used the safety belts often. Moreover, these respondents stated the most salient prompts were a height poster that indicated the appropriate size for a child who could sit in a cart seat and a taped message requesting patrons to use the belts. Suggestions for further research in preventing supermarket accidents are discussed.

A modified reversal/ multiple-baseline design across three supermarkets was used to examine the effectiveness of behavioral interventions in increasing the frequency of safety belt usage in shopping carts. Following low baseline rates, safety belt usage increased significantly during a prompt plus personal contact condition at Stores 1 and 2. Safety belt usage then decreased, but remained above baseline levels, in a prompt alone condition at both stores. However, at Store 1, usage increased when the personal contact procedure was reintroduced but reversed to lower levels in a second prompt alone condition. Finally, social validity scales indicated that adult shoppers with children favored both safety belts on carts and the experimental procedures used in this study and said that they intended to use safety belts on carts in the future. Implications and directions for further research are briefly discussed.

This study examines factors believed to be predictive of the referral and rehabilitation process in this country. Using the Fiscal Year 1978 data from the Rehabilitation Services Administration, the study examines two general hypotheses found in the literature: (1) that minority status is likely to be a key determinant in the referral and rehabilitation process, and (2) that selected socio-demographic factors along with social supports and disability condition are likely to reveal direct influences on the referral and rehabilitation process. Multiple regression was used for the analysis. The analysis of the study revealed that the independent variables, for the most part, had either a direct or indirect effect on the outcome of referral and rehabilitation. More specifically, the results suggest that bias exist in the referral and rehabilitation process.