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Stained glasses form an important element in human history. Since stained glasses are multifunctional, they have been utilized both in religious and civil architecture. Various conservation techniques such as mechanical, chemical, and latest one being laser-based cleaning have been utilized. This work aims at making contributions to the knowledge about laser-glass interaction. The three main laser-glass interactions are photo-thermal, photo-chemical, and photo-mechanical. Experiments were carried out in burst and in continuous mode using an 800 ps n-IR laser with a wavelength of 1064nm. A pulsed/burst mode produces a sequence of a defined number of pulses with a high repetition rate. Contemporary glasses and historical pieces were used. The results realized will be important in the establishment of a laser tool selection criterion for decontamination/conservation of actual in-situ historic stained glasses and also develop a dynamic, automated, or semi-automated laser conservation method for historic glass. Complementary analytical techniques used include scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), confocal microscopy among others., Presented at the ArchMAT EMJMD Master Workshop and Fieldwork, Universidad de Burgos, Spain and the Atapuerca Archaeological Site Burgos Spain. 20th-22nd November 2019.

Stained glasses form an important element in human history. Since stained glasses are multifunctional, they have been utilized both in religious and civil architecture. Various conservation techniques such as mechanical, chemical, and the latest one being laser-based cleaning have been utilized. This work aims at making contributions to the knowledge about laser-glass interaction. The three main laser-glass interactions are photo-thermal, photo-chemical, and photo-mechanical. Experiments were carried out in burst and in continuous mode using a 800 ps n-IR laser with a wavelength of 1064nm. A pulsed/burst mode produces a sequence of a defined number of pulses with a high repetition rate. Contemporary glasses and historical pieces were used. The results realized will be important in the establishment of a laser tool selection criterion for decontamination/conservation of actual in-situ historic stained glasses and also develop a dynamic, automated, or semi-automated laser conservation method for historic glass. Complementary analytical techniques used include scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), confocal microscopy among others. The generally expected outcomes are to develop a practical criterion to apply lasers in cultural heritage; develop skills necessary to select, operate safely and apply lasers to problems in cultural heritage materials in general., This work was presented at the conference: ''Latest Technologies applied to the Conservation of Cultural Heritage: problems and solutions'' held between 25th and 27th November 2019 at the University of Zaragoza Spain.

Caves gives an insight into the life forms and geological formations below the Earth’s surface. Karstic environments are one of the most diverse geomorphological occurrences. Speleothem, secondary mineral deposits, are one of the important characteristics of a karst caves. In this work microbial communities present in Leye caves in the Vezere valley in Dordogne, France that will be acceded by High-throughput sequencing (HTS). In situ Dino Liteanalyses allows us to examine the existence of microorganisms. In vitro culture confirmed the presence of bacteria, fungi and yeast and high throughput sequencing approaches allowed us to explore, compare and characterise the microbial communities in different parts of the cave. Bacterial community are mainly composed by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes, but Phylum like Nitrospirae, Tenericutes or Spirochaetes are also presents in the cave. The study gives important contribution to assess the microbial communities present in limestone caves.

Caves gives an insight into the life forms and geological formations below the Earth’s surface. Karstic environments are one of the most diverse geomorphological occurrences. Speleothem, secondary mineral deposits, are one of the important characteristics of a karst caves. In this work microbial communities present in Leye caves in the Vezere valley in Dordogne, France that will be acceded by High-throughput sequencing (HTS). In situ Dino Lite analyses allows us to examine the existence of microorganisms. In vitro culture confirmed the presence of bacteria, fungi and yeast and high throughput sequencing approaches allowed us to explore, compare and characterise the microbial communities in different parts of the cave. Bacterial community are mainly composed by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes, but Phylum like Nitrospirae, Tenericutes or Spirochaetes are also presents in the cave. The study gives important contribution to assess the microbial communities present in limestone caves.